秦荻辉科技英语写作教程练习答案

华科双学位英语new

2008级、07级（五年制）英语二学位通知 2008级、2007级（五年制）申请修读华中科技大学英语第二学位的同学请注意：非华科大同学请于2010年3月5号上七校联合办学网查看自己的分班情况及课表，仔细阅读课表下方有关上课时间、上课地点以及教材购买等的通知，按通知要求做好上课前的准备，并根据课表的安排准时到指定地点上课。华科大的同学除上述要求外，还必须于缴费当天上班时间持缴费收据到科技楼南楼212注册。华中科技大学外国语学院英语系 2009年12月20号

英语双学位（1班---16班）2009－2010学年度第二学期课表（周六上课）第一次上课时间: 2010年3月6号（第一周周六）上课地点: 东九教学楼（上午8：30----11：40，下午2：00----5：10）请同学们第一次上课时于7：50以前到达上课地点，以便有充足的时间购买教材；请仔细阅读课表下方的有关通知注：第一次上课时间：2010年3月6号（第一周周六）；（2010年3月6号为第一周周六，2010年3月7号为第二周周日，3月13号为第二周周六，3月14号为第三周周日，以此类推。）上课周次：周六班（1---16班）：1---3周、5---12周、14---15周；除按课表已安排的周次正常上课外，本学期节假日（如清明节、五·一节、端午节）均安排补课。

英语双学位（17班---26班）2009－2010第二学期课表（周日上课）第一次上课时间: 2010年3月7号（第二周周日）上课地点: 东九教学楼（上午8：30----11：40，下午2：00----5：10）请同学们第一次上课时于7：50以前到达上课地点，以便有充足的时间购买教材；请仔细阅读课表下方的有关通知注：第一次上课时间：2010年3月7号（第二周周日）（2010年3月6号为第一周周六，2010年3月7号为第二周周日，3月13号为第二周周六，3月14号为第三周周日，以此类推。）上课周次：（17---28班）：2---4周、6 ---12周、14周、16周除按课表已安排的周次正常上课外，本学期节假日（如清明节、五·一节、端午节）均安排补课。

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研究生学术英语写作教程Unit 5 Reporting Results

Unit 5 Reporting Results Objectives: -Understand the function and the major elements of the results section; -Learn the major steps to deal with the results section; -Use the tips for describing graphic information; -Grasp the tips for making comparison and contrast; -Learn the skills for choosing appropriate graphs and making graphs. Contents: - Teacher’s introduction; - Reading and discussion: Types of Language for Thinking and Lexical Collocational Errors; - Language focus: graphic description; comparison and contrast; -Writing practice: using graphs and describing graphs (tables and charts); - Rewriting practice: grasping the major moves for outlining the results section; - Classroom extension: descriptions of data and graphs when reporting results. 1.Reading Activity 1.1 Pre-reading Task Do you know how to report the results of your research? The standard approach to the results section of a research paper is to present the results with the statistical

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There are several factors to be taken into account when studying why some plants become weak or die. One reason is lack of water. Dryness in the soil causes the leaves to wilt, and may give rise to the death of the plant. On the other hand, too much water may result in the leaves drooping, or becoming yellow. While sunshine is necessary for plants, if it is too strong, the soil may be baked and the roots killed. However, if there is no light, the leaves will become pale and the stems thin. Consequently the plant may die. Keys for 2.2.1 Examples of strengthening a claim: We observed borderline statistically significant elevated risks for … It lends strong support to … We observed a stronger positive association for … We found a positive association between red meat intake specifically and cancers of the esophagus and liver,… In contrast to our findings, childhood leukemia has been positively associated with intake of processed meats in a case-control study. Examples of weakening a claim: Our study suggests a threshold effect for red meat intake on esophageal cancer risk,… It is possible that the referent group had a smaller-than-expected cancer incidence by chance. We observed a suggestion of an elevated risk for advanced prostate cancer with both meat types. This could explain some of the inconsistencies in the literature as most previous studies have not specifically addressed advanced prostate cancer. Although breast cancer risk related to meat intake did not appear to differ by menopausal status in our study, we had very few premenopausal cases (n = 94) and lacked information on hormone receptor status for a large number of cases. Associations between saturated fat and cancer are likely to be related to energy balance in general, whereas iron is thought to contribute to carcinogenesis specifically by generating free radicals and inducing oxidative stress. An earlier start in data collection would have increased the time needed to survey more participants. Ideally, the number of participant would have been more evenly distributed across gender/year in population. A larger sample with diversity would have benefited our results. A decrease in the consumption of red and processed meat could reduce the incidence of cancer at multiple sites. Keys for 2.3 In our study, zinc supplementation did not result in a significant reduction in overall mortality in children aged 1–48 months in a population with high malaria transmission. However, there was a suggestion that the effect varied by age, with no effect on mortality in infants, and a marginally significant 18% reduction of mortality in children 12–48 months of age (p=0·045). This effect was

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写作填空题 Exposition On the basis of controlling purpose we traditionally divide all prose into three kinds: narration, description, and exposition. Exposition is writing that explains. If the writer intends to tell us how something looks, to re-create the thing in words, we may call it description. A narrative arranges its material in time. Description most often organizes in space. Exposition organizes its subject by logic. We find that paragraphs of exposition contain two different kinds of statements. The first- a general, rather abstract statement- is called the topic sentence. The expository writer, therefore, uses the common methods of logic and thinking: he develops his material by offering examples as evidence, by comparing and contrasting, by making analogies, by restating, by giving reasons, by classifying and dividing his subject, by showing cause and effect, by defining, by arguing from premise to conclusion. Definition Definition is in fact a form of expository writing. A definition is the effort to distinguish an entity from all other things for the purpose of being able to recognize it or in some way to understand it. Methods of definition 1. Analysis. The type consists of placing a word in a large class called the genus and then differentiating the word from other members of that class. This method, as old as Aristotle, results in the dictionary kind of definition. 2. Synthesis. This form of definition relates the thing-to-be-defined to something already familiar to the reader or listener. It often reveals the thing-to-be-defined as part of some larger whole. 3. Negative Definition. Which helps to define a thing by making clear what it is not. 4. Exemplification. Often appearing as an aid to definition by analysis or by synthesis is definition by example. 5. Synonyms. Almost as familiar as definition by example is definition by synonyms. Types of definition 1. Consensual Definition 2. Stipulative Definition 3. Normative Definition Judgment Judgment, requires the writer to look at both sides of an issue, to find out what evidence exists and present it clearly, and finally to draw a conclusion. In argument persuasion is the main purpose. The writer of argument must perforce take sides, be attorney either for the plaintiff or for the defense. The writer of judgment is more like a referee. He must listen to what can be said both for and against, and then he must decide-as objectively and as intelligently as he can- where the truth lies. Good judgment writing requires more than facility with words. One must begin by learning what he can about the matter in hand. Secondly, the writer of judgment must present the facts clearly and in coherent order. Finally, since facts alone are often not enough, the writer needs to be able to draw the proper inferences. Argument The essence of the argument is reason, and reason may work in two ways: by deduction and by induction. The first argues from general premise to particular conclusion; the second from particular fact to broad conclusion. Deductive argumentation is usually cast in the form of a logical syllogism. At its simplest a syllogism contains two premises and an inference that necessarily follows from them. If the major premise and the minor premise are true, the inference, or conclusion The student who wishes to argue well should consult 1) a good textbook, 2) master at least the rudiments of logic, 3) and train himself to detect the common fallacies.