HSK之动态助词-了

dòng tài zhùcíle

动态助词–了

Aspect partical

了can serve as an aspect particle, indicating the occurrence or competition of a thing or an action.

一、肯定形式（Affirmative form）

（一）v. + （+complement）+ （+ object）+ 了

Eg：我吃了。

我吃早饭了。

我吃完早饭了。

她昨天看电影了。Tips: If there is not a result complement in the sentence, it indicates that the event has happened with the possibility of completion or not. （二）v. + 了+ measure word + object Eg：我买了一本书。

（我买书了。）

他喝了一瓶啤酒。

（他喝啤酒了。）

我吃了一些鱼和牛肉。

（我吃鱼和牛肉了。）

大卫买了一个新书包。

（大卫买新书包了。）

Tips：When verb. + 了carries an object , it should be modified by a numeral-measure word or other attributives. Without the

numeral-measure word or after attributives before the object, 了

as a modal particle should be added at the end of the sentence to

catch attention or deliver information.

（三）v.①+ object + v.② + object + 了Eg：他们去上海参观了。

她们坐飞机去香港了。

玛丽去邮局取包裹了。

大卫去超市买水果了。（四）v.①了……（就）v.②……（+了）Eg：玛丽打算吃了饭去看电影。

昨天我买了书就回学校。

明天我下了班就回家。

Tips：（1）If added 了at the end of sentence, this pattern indicates completion in the past. If without 了at the end, it can usually

indicate the expected or supposed completion in the future.

（2）If verb1 goes with an object, the object can be a simple form.

Here the object is not the key point of the meaning of the

sentence.