高中英语选修八各单元词汇

贵阳市乌当中学高力超

（注：不含带△的词）

Unit 1

distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的

distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著

live on 继续存在；继续生存

strait n. 海峡

Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的

the Arctic 北极

means n. 手段；方法

by means of… 用……办法；借助……

majority n. 大多数；大半

ministry n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责

Catholic adj. 天主教的n.天主教徒

make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等

hardship n. 苦难；困苦

elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人

federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的

rail n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条

percentage n. 百分比；百分率

Italy n. 意大利

Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语adj.意大利人的；意大利语的

Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家）

keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）

boom n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期

aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机

Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜

Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语adj.韩国（人/语）的；朝鲜（人/语）的Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦

Pakistani adj. 巴基斯坦（人）的n.巴基斯坦人

immigration n. 移民；移居入境

racial adj. 人种的；种族的

crossing n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道

vice n. & adj. 代理；副职

nephew n. 侄子；外甥

pole n. 地极；电极；磁极

applicant n. 申请人

customs n. 海关；关税；进口税

socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人adj.社会主义者的

socialism n. 社会主义

occur vi. 发生；出现

cattle n. 牛（总称）

indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示

back to back 背靠背

luggage n. 行李（<美>baggage）

shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮；剃

tram n. （有轨）电车

apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的

apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地

brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器Vi. & vt. 刹（车）；用制动器减速conductor n. （公车）售票员；列车员；（乐队）指挥

slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤n.滑动；滑倒

bakery n. 面包房；面包厂

ferry n. 渡船；渡口vt.摆渡；渡运

team up with 与……合作或一起工作

hire vt. & n. 租用；雇用

mark out 划线；标出……界线

seagull n. 海鸥

take in 包括；吸收

angle n. 角；角度

a great/good many 许多；很多

apply for 申请；请示得到

nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无

punishment n. 处罚；惩罚

justice n. 公正；公平

mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛

civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的

authority n. 权威；权力(pl)当局；官方

reform vt. & vi. 改革；革新n.改革；改造；改良

grasp vt. & n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会

thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的

insert vt. 插入；嵌入

Unit 2

differ vi. 不同；相异

exact adj. 精确的；准确的

twin n. 双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj.成对的；成双的commercial adj. 商业的；贸易的

straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的

undertake vt. (undertook, undertaken) 着手；从事；承担

pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清

breakthrough n. 突破

procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续

carrier n. 携带者；搬运工；运输工具

cast vt. (cast, cast) 扔；投；掷

cast down 沮丧；不愉快

altogether adv. 总共；完全地

arbitrary adj. 任意的

correction n. 改正；纠正；修正

object vi. 反对；不赞成

objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议

medium n. 媒介；手段；工具

the media 大众传播媒体（如电视、报纸等）

obtain vt. 获得；赢得

attain vt. 获得；到达（水平、年龄、状况等）

moral adj. 道德（上）的；伦理的

conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的

forbid vt. (forbade,forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准

accumulate vt. 积累；聚保

in favour/fa of 赞成；支持

side road 旁路；支线；岔道(<美>sidewalk)

constitution n. 宪法；章程

compulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的

opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院

chorus n. 合唱；合唱队

loaf n. 一条（面包）

flour n. 面粉

owe vt. 欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于……

shortly adv. 立刻；不久

retire vi. 退休；离开

bother vt. 打扰vi.操心n.烦扰

(be) bound to (do) 一定或注定（做）……

assumption n. 假定；设想

regulation n. 规则；规章；法规

strike vi & vt. (struck, struck) 打；撞击；罢工

strike…into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心

from time to time 不时；偶尔

bring back to life 使复生；使复活

initial adj. 最初的；开始的

vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的

in vain 白费力气；枉费心机

resist vt. 抵抗；对抗

drawback n. 缺点；不利条件

merely adv. 仅；只；不过

decoration n. 装饰

unable adj. 不能的；不会的

feather n. 羽毛

in good/poor condition 状况很好（坏）；情况很好（坏）turkey n. 火鸡

claw n. 爪；脚爪

adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱

hatch vt. & vi. 孵出；孵卵；孵化

reasonable adj. 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的

Unit 3

patent n. 专利证书；专利权

call up 给……打电话

courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井

now and then 偶尔；有时

walnut n. 胡桃；胡桃木

distinguish vi. & vt. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的

product n. 产品

powder n. 粉末；火药

set about 开始；着手

perfume n. 香水；香味

stainless adj.无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的

cube n. 立方体；立方

cubic adj. 立方的

abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的

abruptly adv. 突然地；唐突地

convenient adj. 便利的；方便的；就近的

caution n. 小心；谨慎

expectation n. 预料；期待；期望

passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的

merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的

merrily adv. 高兴地；愉快地

seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺

criterion n. （评判的）标准；尺度

valid adj. 有效的；确凿的

file n. 文件；档案；文件夹vt. 提交；将……归档

ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的

string n. 线；绳子；一串

glue n. 胶；胶水vt.粘贴；粘合

freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的

greengrocer n. 果蔬商（pl）蔬菜水果店

identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明

directory n. 电话簿；商行名录

dial vt. 拨（电话）

rainfall n. 降雨

innocent adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的

lantern n. 灯笼；提灯

bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担

jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱

forehead n. 额头

beaten track 被踩出来的路；常规；惯例

dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入

dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的set out (to do) 开始（做）

dot n. 点；小圆点vt. 以小圆点标出；分散

tap vt. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲n.轻轻地敲击（声）；（水）龙头wire n. 金属丝；电线

straw n. 稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管

current n. （水或气）流；电流adj. 现在的；当前的helicopter n. 直升飞机

triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体

stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的

associate vt. 联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴

practical adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的

refrigerator n. 冰箱

court n. 法庭；法院；朝廷

extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸

hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住

out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障

get through 设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；（设法）做完；通过ring back 回复电话

ring off 挂断电话

version n. 版本；译本

competence n. 能力；胜利；本领

jeep n. 吉普车

personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员

Unit 4

adaptation n. 适应（性）；改编本

classic adj. 经典的；第一流的n.经典著作

caption n. （图片上的）说明文字；（电视、电影）字幕；（杂志等文章的）标题；题目plot n. 情节；阴谋

professor n. 教授

whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出汽笛声n.口哨声；汽笛声

garment n. （一件）衣服（外套、裙、袍等）（pl）服装

woollen adj. 毛纺的；纯毛的（<美>woolen）

hesitate vi. 犹豫；踌躇

uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不安的；不自在的

uncomfortably adv. 不舒服的；不自在地

troublesome adj. 带来麻烦的；使人心烦的

wallet n. 皮夹；钱包

outcome n. 结果；效果

thief n. 小偷；贼

handkerchief n. 手帕；手绢；纸巾

mistaken adj. （见解或判断上）错误的；不正确的

brilliant adj. 光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的

classify vt. 编排；分类；归类

remark n. 谈论；言论；评述vt. & vi.谈论；评论；说起

betray vt. 显露出（本来面目）；背叛

upper adj. （位置或地位）较高的；级别较高的

extraordinary adj. 不同寻常的；非凡的

condemn vi. 谴责；使……注定

properly adv. 适当地；恰当地

pass…off as… （把某人）改变或冒充成……

ambassador n. 大使；使节

acquaintance n. 相识；了解；熟人

make one’s acquaintance 结识；与……相见

handful n. 一把；少量

fortune n. 机会；运气；大笔的钱

authentic adj. 真实的；真正的；可信的；可靠的

generally speaking 一般来说

status n. 身份；地位；职位

superior adj. 优秀的；较高的；上级的n.上级；长官

in terms of… 就……来说；从……角度

rob vt. 抢劫；盗窃；剥夺

antique adj. 古时的；（因古老、稀少而）珍贵的n. 文物；古董；古玩

musical adj. 音乐的；喜爱音乐的n.音乐喜剧

stocking n. 长袜

Buddhism n. 佛教

cookie n. 饼干

teapot n. 茶壶

cream n. 奶油；面霜

nail n. 指甲；钉子

show…in 带或领……进来

wax n. 蜡；蜜蜡vt.上蜡

disk n. 磁盘

shabby adj. 破旧的；寒酸的

referee n. 裁判员；仲裁者

compromise n. & vi. 妥协；折衷

horrible adj. 可怕的；恐怖的

laundry n. 洗衣店；洗衣房；（待洗的或洗好的）衣服

bathtub n. 浴缸；澡盆

sob vi. 啜泣；抽噎n.啜泣（声）；抽噎（声）

waist n. 腰；腰部；腰围

vest n. 背心；内衣

disgusting adj. 使人反感的；令人厌恶的

once more 再一次

in need of 需要……

overlook vt. 俯视；忽视；不理会

alphabet n. 字母表

fade vi. & vt.（使）褪色；减弱；逐渐消失

fade out （声音、画面）逐渐模糊；渐淡

Unit 5

alternative n. 可能的选择adj. 供选择的；其他的

starvation n. 挨饿；饿死

tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的

accuracy n. 精确；准确

interrupt vt. & vi. 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止

acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的

assume vt. 假定；设想

regardless adv. 不管；不顾

regardless of 不管；不顾

mat n. 席子；垫子

quilt n. 被子；棉被

beast n. 野兽

at most 至多；最多

centimetre n. 厘米(<美>centimeter)

sharpen vi. & vt. （使）锋利；尖锐；清晰

sharpener n. 磨具；削具

cut up 切碎

ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的

messy adj. 凌乱的；脏的

primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的

botany n. 植物学

botanical adj. 植物学的；与植物学有关的

analysis n. 分析

seashell n. 海贝壳

ripen vt. & vi. 使……成熟；成熟

category n. 种类；类别；范畴

significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义

somehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地

systematic adj. 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的

spit vt. (spat, spit; spat, spit) 吐出（唾液、食物等）vi.吐痰

delete vt. 删；删除

album n. 相册；集邮册；唱片

scratch n. （刮、抓、划的）痕迹；搔；挠vt. 搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏academy n. 学院；学会；学术团体；院校

receptionist n. 接待员；招待员

onion n. 洋葱

kindergarten n. 幼儿园

skateboard n. 滑板

fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦

yogurt n. 酸乳酷；酸奶

radioactive adj. 放射性的；有辐射能的radioactivity n. 放射性

division n. 分割；划分；分配；分界线

BC 公元前

melon n. （各种）瓜

wrinkle n. 皱纹

pulse vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动n.脉搏；节拍applaud vi. & vt. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏

look ahead 向前看；为将来打算

howl vt. & vi. 嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫

accelerate vi. & vt. 加速；促进

spear n. 矛；枪

arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引n.逮捕；拘留

dizzy adj. 晕眩的；昏乱的；使人发晕或困惑的hammer n. 铁锤；锤子

gay adj. 快乐的；欢快的

gaily adv. 快乐地；轻松地

skilful/skillful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的(<.美>skillful) date back 追溯到……

punctuation n. 标点符号

高中英语选修8单词表

英语选修八 Unit 1 △California 加利福尼亚（州） △Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人 △illustrate vt. 说明；阐明 distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的 distinction n. 差别；区分；卓着 △immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民 live on 继续存在；继续生存 strait n. 海峡 △Bering 白令海峡 Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的 the Arctic 北极 means n. 手段；方法 by means of…用……办法；借助…… △prehistoric adj. 史前的 majority n. 大多数；大半 ministry n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责Catholic adj. 天主教的 n.天主教徒 △Alaska n. 阿拉斯加（州） △San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称旧） △adventurer n. 冒险家 make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 △despite prep. 尽管；不管 hardship n. 苦难；困苦 elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人 federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的 rail n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条 percentage n. 百分比；百分率 △Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶 Italy n. 意大利 Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语 adj.意大利人的；意大利语的 Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家） keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等） △Hollywood n. 好莱坞；美国电影业 boom n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期 aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机 △Cambodian n. 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语 Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜

人教版高中英语选修八单元质量评估(一) (3).docx

高中英语学习材料 ***鼎尚图文理制作*** 单元质量评估(一) 一、单项选择（共10小题；共10分） 1. Travelling has really helped to broaden our , which makes us wiser. A. differences B. horizons C. shortcomings D. hardships 2. I didn't mean to tell you his name; it was a of my tongue at that time. A. fault B. coincidence C. dilemma D. slip 3. Thousands of young college students have the job, because it provides a high salary, a long paid vacation every year and many other attractive benefits. A. applied for B. turned down C. thrown away D. complained of 4. --- How did you make such rapid progress in your English? Do you have any secrets? --- No. Only hard working. A. in terms of B. in honor of C. by means of D. on behalf of 5. I'd like Jim Jack, to go to the farewell party on behalf of our class. A. more than B. less than C. rather than D. or rather 6. --- Why are you so late, Tom? --- I was on half the way when it to me that I had left my notebook at home, so I had to fetch it. A. occurred B. hit C. happened D. reminded 7. --- Miss Brown is very busy, isn't she? --- Yes, she is. She has greater responsibilities so far. A. taken off B. taken out C. taken in D. taken on 8. the courses(跑道) for the sports meeting gave us much pleasure as well as knowledge. A. Looking out B. Marking out C. Taking out D. Breaking out 9. The maths examination was rather difficult; to our joy, the students passed it. A. a great many B. a great many of C. a great deal of D. plenty of 10. Such differences that we're moving from one level of understanding to another. A. suppose B. control C. indicate D. improve 二、完形填空（共20小题；共30分）

人教版高中英语选修8词汇表--汉语

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高中英语选修八1-2单元测试题(附答案)

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(完整版)人教版高中英语单词表选修八-带音标

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 人教版高中英语单词表选修八-带音标人敃版高中英语卑词表选修八Unit 1 California /’kli’f ?:nj?/ n.加利福尼亚Californian /’kli’f?:nj?n/ n.adj.加利福尼亚(州)人(癿) illustrate /’il?streit/ vt.说明；阐明distinct /dis’ti?kt/ adj.清晰癿；明显癿；明确癿 distinction /dis’ti?k??n/ n.巩别；区分；卐著immigrant /’imigr?nt/ n.秱民 live on 继续存在；继续生存 strait /streit/ n.海峡 Bering Strait n.白令海峡Arctic /’ɑ:ktik/ adj.北枀癿；北枀区癿 the Arctic 北枀 means /mi:nz/ n.手段；斱法 by means of... 用...办法；借劣... prehistoric /’pri:hi’st?:rik/ adj.史前癿majority /m?’d??riti/ n.大多数；大半ministry /’ministri/ n.(政府癿)部；(全体)牧师Catholic /’k?lik/ adj.天主敃癿 n.天主敃徒 Alaska /?’lsk?/ n.阿拉斯加(州) San Francisco 圣弗兰西斯科(旧釐山) adventurer /?d’vent??r?/ n.冎险家 make a life 习惯于新癿生活斱式、工作等despite /dis’pait/ prep.尽管；不管hardship /’hɑ:d?ip/ n.苦难；困苦elect /i’lekt/ vt.选择；决定做某事；选丼某人federal /’fed?r?l/ adj.联邦制癿；联邦政府癿 rail /reil/ n.铁路；扶手；横条 percentage /p ?’sentid?/ n.百分比；百分率 Los Angeles 洛杉机Italy /’it ?li/ n.意大利Italian /i’tlj?n/ n.意大利人；意大利语 adj.意大利人癿；意大利语癿Denmark /’denmɑ:k/ n.丹麦 keep up 坚 1/ 13

人教版高中英语选修8词汇表--英汉分开

Unit 1 1.△California 2.△Californian 3.△illustrate vt. 4.distinct adj. 5.distinction n. 6.△immigrant n. 7.live on 8.strait n. 9.△Bering 10.} 11.Arctic adj. 12.the Arctic 13.means n. 14.by means of… 15.△prehistoric adj. 16.majority n. 17.ministry n. 18.Catholic adj. n. 19.△Alaska n. 20.△San Francisco n. 21." 22.△adventurer n. 23.make a life 24.△despite prep. 25.hardship n. 26.elect vt. 27.federal adj. 28.rail n. 29.percentage n. 30.△Los Angeles n. 31.Italy n. 32.{ 33.Italian n.. adj. 34.Denmark n. 35.keep up 36.△Hollywood n. 37.boom n.. vi. 38.aircraft n. 39.△Cambodian n. 40.Korea n. 41.Korean n. adj. 42.Pakistan n. 43.! 44.Pakistani adj. n. 45.△immigrate vi. 46.immigration n. 47.racial adj. 48.crossing n. 49.vice n. & adj. 50.nephew n. 51.pole n. 52.applicant n. 53.customs n. 54.^ 55.socialist n. adj. 56.socialism n. 57.occur vi. 58.cattle n. 59.△Hispanic n. 60.indicate vt. 61.back to back 62.luggage n. （<美>baggage） 63.shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 64.△cable n. 65.》 66.△cable car 67.△Andrew Hallidie 68.tram n. 69.apparent adj. 70.apparently adv. 71.brake n. Vi. & vt. 72.conductor n. 73.slip vi. n. 74.△wharf n. 75.bakery n. 76.( 77.ferry n. vt. 78.△Angel Island 79.team up with 80.hire vt. & n. 81.△fascinating adj. 82.mark out 83.seagull n. 84.take in 85.angle n. 86. a great/good many 87.） 88.apply for 89.nowhere adv. 90.△miserable adj. 91.punishment n. 92.justice n. 93.mourn vt. & vi. 94.civil adj. 95.authority n. 96.reform vt. & vi. n. 97.grasp vt. & n. 98.》 99.△thoughtful adj. 100.thankful adj. 101.insert vt. Unit 2 102.differ vi. 103.exact adj. 104.△cutting n. 105.twin n. adj 106.△identical adj. https://www.360docs.net/doc/4f10177557.html,mercial adj. 108.！ 109.straightforward adj. 110.△complicated adj. 111.undertake vt. (undertook, undertaken) 112.pay off 113.breakthrough n. 114.procedure n. 115.△nucleus n. 116.△somatic adj. 117.△embryo n. 118.carrier n. 119.: 120.cast vt. (cast, cast) 121.cast down 122.altogether adv. 123.arbitrary adj. 124.△fate n. 125.correction n. 126.object vi.

人教版高中英语选修8单词默写(英汉互译)

选修8 Unit1 1.California__________ 2.Californian__________ 3.illustratevt.__________ 4.distinctadj.__________ 5.distinctionn.__________ 6.immigrantn.__________ 7.liveon__________ 8.straitn.__________ 9.Bering__________ 10.Arcticadj.__________ 11.theArctic__________ 12.meansn.__________ 13.bymeansof…__________ 14.prehistoricadj.__________ 15.majorityn.__________ 16.ministryn.__________ 17.Catholicadj.n.__________ 18.Alaskan.__________ 19.SanFranciscon.__________ 20.adventurern.__________ 21.makealife__________ 22.despiteprep.__________ 23.hardshipn.__________ 24.electvt.__________ 25.federaladj.__________ 26.railn.__________ 27.percentagen.__________ 28.LosAngelesn.__________ 29.Italyn.__________ 30.Italiann..adj.__________ 31.Denmarkn.__________ 32.keepup__________ 33.Hollywoodn.__________ 34.boomn..vi.__________ 35.aircraftn.__________ 36.Cambodiann.__________ 37.Korean.__________ 38.Koreann.adj.__________ 39.Pakistann.__________ 40.Pakistaniadj.n.__________ 41.immigratevi.__________ 42.immigrationn.__________ 43.racialadj.__________ 44.crossingn.__________ 45.vicen.&adj.__________ 46.nephewn.__________ 47.polen.__________ 48.applicantn.__________ 49.customsn.__________ 50.socialistn.adj.__________ 51.socialismn.__________ 52.occurvi.__________ 53.cattlen.__________ 54.Hispanicn.__________ 55.indicatevt.__________ 56.backtoback__________ 57.luggagen.__________ 58.shavevt.&vi.(shaved;shaved,shaven)___ _______ 59.cablen.__________ 60.cablecar__________ 61.AndrewHallidie__________ 62.tramn.__________ 63.apparentadj.__________ 64.apparentlyadv.__________ 65.braken.Vi.&vt.__________ 66.conductorn.__________ 67.slipvi.n.__________ 68.wharfn.__________ 69.bakeryn.__________ 70.ferryn.vt.__________ 71.AngelIsland__________ 72.teamupwith__________ 73.hirevt.&n.__________ 74.fascinatingadj.__________ 75.markout__________ 76.seagulln.__________ 77.takein__________ 78.anglen.__________ 79.agreat/goodmany__________ 80.applyfor__________ 81.nowhereadv.__________ 82.miserableadj.__________ 83.punishmentn.__________ 84.justicen.__________

人教版高中英语选修8各单元课文原文

选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California. NATIVE AMERCANS Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, t he native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases b rought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.

人教版高中英语选修8单词

人教版高中英语选修8单词 Unit 1 △California 加利福尼亚（州） △Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人 △illustrate vt. 说明；阐明 distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著 △immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民live on 继续存在；继续生存 strait n. 海峡 △Bering 白令海峡 Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的 the Arctic 北极 means n. 手段；方法 by means of… 用……办法；借助…… △prehistoric adj. 史前的 majority n. 大多数；大半 ministry n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责 Catholic adj. 天主教的 n.天主教徒 △Alaska n. 阿拉斯加（州） △San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称旧金山） △adventurer n. 冒险家 make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等△despite prep. 尽管；不管 hardship n. 苦难；困苦 elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的 rail n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条percentage n. 百分比；百分率 △Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶 Italy n. 意大利 Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语 adj.意大利人的；意大利语的Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家） keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）△Hollywood n. 好莱坞；美国电影业boom n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期 aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机 △Cambodian n. 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜 Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语adj.韩国（人/语）的；朝鲜（人/语）的Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦 Pakistani adj. 巴基斯坦（人）的 n.巴基斯坦人△immigrate vi. 移入（外国定居）immigration n. 移民；移居入境 racial adj. 人种的；种族的 crossing n.横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道 vice n. & adj. 代理；副职 nephew n. 侄子；外甥 pole n. 地极；电极；磁极 applicant n. 申请人 customs n. 海关；关税；进口税socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的 socialism n. 社会主义 occur vi. 发生；出现 cattle n. 牛（总称） △Hispanic n. （美）讲西班牙语的美国人indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示back to back 背靠背 luggage n. 行李（<美>baggage）shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮；剃 △cable n. 缆绳；绳索；电缆 △cable car 缆车；（美）有轨缆车 △Andrew Hallidie 安德鲁?海利迪 tram n. （有轨）电车 apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器 Vi. & vt. 刹（车）；用制动器减速conductor n. （公车）售票员；列车员；（乐队）指挥 slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n.滑动；滑倒 △wharf n. 码头 bakery n. 面包房；面包厂 ferry n. 渡船；渡口 vt.摆渡；渡运 △Angel Island 天使岛 team up with 与……合作或一起工作 hire vt. & n. 租用；雇用 △fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的mark out 划线；标出……界线 seagull n. 海鸥 take in 包括；吸收 angle n. 角；角度 a great/good many 许多；很多 apply for 申请；请示得到 nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无 △miserable adj. 痛苦的；悲惨的punishment n. 处罚；惩罚