一般将来时式
第一单元是一般将来时
第二单元主要是将一些建议，shuold或could。
第三单元主要是讲while与when的用法区别，还涉及到一般过去时
第四单元主要学了直接引语和间接引语。
第五单元是有if引导的条件状语从句
第六单元现在完成进行时
第七单元是动词作宾语
第八单元知识点以前就学到过建议之类的语法
第九单元是现在完成时，是重点
第十单元学习了反意疑问句。
一般将来时/式(The Simple Future tense)
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。一般将来时由助动词shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）+动词原形构成。美国英语则不管什么人称，一律用will。going to形式可以在任何情况下使用。
（1）be going to + 动词原形
（2）will/shall + do
（3）be + 动名词
（4）be to do
●will 常简略为'll，并与主语连写在一起，如：I'll，he'll，it'll，we'll，you'll，they'll。
●一般疑问句如用will you…？其简略答语须是Y es，I will或No，I won't；如用Shall I…？（较少见）其简略答语须是Y es，I shall．或No，I shall not．
1）表示将来的动作或状态
一般将来时常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用，如：
tomorrow（明天），next week（下周），from now on（从现在开始）；in the future（将来）；someday (未来的某一天) 等。
2）表示将来经常发生的动作。
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，其表达形式除了“shall（第一人称），will （第二、三人称）+动词原形构成”外，还有以下几种形式。
一．“be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如：
①It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们开会。
二．go，come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live,fly,等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作，例如：
I'm leaving for Beijing.
我要去北京。
三．“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如：
①Are we to go on with this work?我们继续干吗？
②The boy is to go to school tomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。
四．“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。例如：
We are going to leave.我们马上就走。
五．某些词，如come，go，leave，arrive，start，get，stay ，live,fly等的一般现在时也可表示将来。
①The meeting starts at five o'clock.会议五点开始。
②He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车。
六。“be due to"构成的谓语，意味“定于…”也可表示将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。常常与表示将来的时间状语连用。常用的表达形式共有五种，现归纳如下：
一、用will或shall表示。“助动词will或shall＋动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。在口语中will用于所有人称，书面语中第一人称常用shall。如：
1. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。
2. The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。
3. Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿，好吗？
4. Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开，好吗？
二、用be going to结构表示。“be going to＋动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算；就要”。如：
1. We're going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。
2. Look! It's going to rain. 瞧！快下雨了。
三、用现在进行时表示。表示位置转移的动词（如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等），可用现在进行时表示将来时。如：
1. Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。
2. They're leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。
四、用一般现在时表示。根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如：
1. The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。
2. If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将出去野餐。
五、用“be＋动词不定式”或用“be about to ＋动词原形”的结构表示。如：
1. He is to visit Japan next year. 明年他将访问日本。
2. They're about to leave. (=They're leaving.) 他又叫间接引述，英文为indirect statement。指用在表述意见的动词[perception] 之后的一种从句，这种从句并非由主语直接叙述出来，而是通过第三人转述的。实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句，当直接引语为祈使句，陈述句，疑问句被转换成间接引语时，句子的结构，人称，时态，时间，时间状语和地点状语等都要发生改变。
如：他们说：“皇帝死后将成为神。” [直接引语] Dixere:"Augustus post mortem deum factus erit."
他们说，那个皇帝死后将成为神。[间接引语] Dixere Augustum post mortem deum faciendum esse.
间接引语中，引语的主语要使用宾格，动词要使用不定式，不定式的时态取决于引语动词发生的时间与主句动词时间的先后性，不定式的性、数取决于间接引语的主语（如前所述，只用宾格）。如：
Consules sentiunt servos non esse liberandos. 执政官们认为奴隶们不该被释放。
主句动词是认为：sentiunt ，时态是现在时。间接引语中的动词是不定式liberandos esse，
是将来时，因为“被释放”的动作是发生在主句动词“认为”之后的。liberandos 的性（阳性）、数（复数）与间接引语的主语servos 保持一致。
当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以使用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来。如果引用原话，被引用的部分就称之为直接引语，反之，则称为间接引语。
这里有两句间接引语。前面一句的动词是interfectum esse，是不定式的完成时，表示“被杀害”的动作是发生在fama erat [消息到来]之前的；后一句的动词是vivere，是不定式的现在时，表示“活着”这个动作与消息到来同步。
[思路分析]
如下
[解题过程]
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?
1、人称的转变
1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：
He said，“I am very sorry.” ——>He said that he was very sorry.
2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：
“Y ou should be more careful next time,” my father told me.——>
My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” ——>
She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：
He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” ——>
He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
2、时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：
直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时
一般过去时过去完成时
现在进行时过去进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
过去完成时过去完成时
过去进行时过去进行时
一般将来时过去将来时
例如：
“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. ——>
She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” ——>
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” ——>
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” ——>
He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. ——>
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?”——>
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” ——>
Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.
He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” ——>
He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况
1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：
He always says, “I am tired out.” ——>He always says that he is tired out.
2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：
He will say, “I?ll try my best to help you.” ——>He will say that he will try his best to help me.
3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994.
4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：
He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” ——>
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——>
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：
He said，“Practice makes perfect.” ——>He said that practice makes perfect.
7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如：
例如：
The doctor said, “Y ou'd better drink plenty of water.” ——>
The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
He said, “She must be a teacher.”——> He said that she must be a teacher.
He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”——>
He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
The teacher said, “Y ou needn't hand in your compositions today.”——>
The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.
She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”——> She asked if she had to take the medicine.
〔注〕：此处用had to代替must更好
8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必
改变。如：
Teacher: Y ou may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor?
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
1）时间状语：
直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语
now （then）；tomorrow （the next / following day ）
today (that day）；next week （the next / following week / month / year）
yesterday（the day before）two days ago（two days before ）
last week /month/ year (the week/month/ year before) this week/month/year (that week/month/ year)
2）指示代词：these 变成those
3）地点状语：here变成there
S he said, “I won't come here any more.”——> She said that she wouldn?t go there any more..
4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take
5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”——>
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）
此外主句中的谓语还常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：
He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”——> He explained to us that he was late
because of the heavy traffic.
如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。
The doctor said, “Y ou are not seriously ill, Y ou will be better soon.”——>
The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”——>
He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, “Y ou are interested in English, aren't you?”——>
He asked whether I was interested in English.
3）直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如：
He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”——>
He asked me whether I spoke English or French..
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”——>
I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：
He asked，“What's your name?”——> He asked（me）what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”——>
He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：
He said，“Be seated, please.”——> He asked us to be seated.
“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. ——>
He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. ——>
The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.
“Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. ——>
The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
6）有些含有“建议”——>、“劝告”——>的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如：
He said, “Let's have a rest.”——> He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”——> He offered to help me.
7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如：
“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. ——>He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” h e asked us. ——>
He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk.
8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：She said, “What a lovely day it is!”——> She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.
嵌套间接引语的从句：
如果间接引语当中还镶嵌有另一句从句，则被称为嵌套间接引语的从句，英文叫：the subordinate clause in indirect statement。这时，这样的从句要使用虚拟语气。从句动词的时态与主句动词的时态相关联。如：
Dux dicebat militem qui fugisset poenas daturum esse. 统帅曾常说，那个逃跑的士兵将要受到惩罚。
qui fugisset[逃跑] 是一句关系从句，修饰militem “士兵”，由于处在dicebat [说]后面的间接引语当中，因此需使用虚拟语气。间接引语的动词是不定式daturum esse[将受到]，为将来时，因为动作发生在主句动词“说”之后，而fugisset [逃跑]为虚拟语气的过去完成时，表示在统帅“说话”之前已经逃走了
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人
你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said。"Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morni ng。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said. "Y ou had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now 变为then, yesterday。变为the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said tha t their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether 或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"Y ou have finished the homework, haven…t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句
（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they ha d their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：
"Don?t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to b ring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let…s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：
He said, "Let?s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：
John said, "I?m going to London with my father."
约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）
John said that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）
们就 一、英文中的反意疑问句。
1、什么是反意疑问句
英语中，反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。
2、反意疑问句用法说明
◇注意：
反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是，“肯定陈述＋否定疑问”或“否定陈述＋肯定疑问”
简略问句如果是否定式，not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写简略问句的主语不用名词，应用人称代词
当说话者的目的不在疑问，而是为了加强语气时，用降调
当说话者的目的在疑问，则用升调
陈述部分含“too...to”时，是否定句
1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?
（我和你姐姐一样高，对吗？）
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
（我希望可以和你说话，可以吗？）
3) 陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。正式文体用should/ought +主语+not形式。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
Y ou'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陈述部分有Y ou'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
Y ou'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
A．must表示“应该”，其疑问部分用mustn't（不应该），如：
Y ou must work hard next term, mustn't you ? 下学期你应该努力学习，对吗？
B．must表示“必须”，其疑问部分用needn't（不必），如：
They must finish the work today, needn?t they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作，是吗？
C．陈述部分含情态动词mustn't，表示禁止时，疑问部分就可以用must或may，如：Y ou mustn?t stop your car here, must you? (may we?)你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？
D．must表示推测，其疑问部分必须与must 后面的主要动词相呼应。如：
①对现在动作或存在的情况的推测：
Y ou must know the answer to the exercise, don't you? 你一定知道这项练习的答案，是不是？
That must be your bed, isn't it? 那一定是你的床，是吗？
②对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测：
a 表示肯定推测
（一）句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语，这时疑问部分中的动词就用
现在完成时。（haven?t / hasn?t + 主语）
Y ou must have told her about it, haven?t you? 你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗？
（二）陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语，疑问部分的动词就用
一般过去时。（didn?t + 主语）
She must have read the novel las t week, didn?t she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说了，是吗？
b 表示否定推测
表示推测时，否定式通常不是must not，而是can't (cannot).如：
He can't have been to your home; he doesn't know your address, does he?
他不可能去过你家；他不知道你的地址，是不是？
11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句
a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, and he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
但此时主语必须是第一人称
如果不是则不能否定从句
如He thought they were wrong,didn't he?
而不能说weren't they?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he.
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (doesn't he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you/he?
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意：Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we（或用shan't we) ?
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you（或won't you）?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we（或用shan't we)?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you （或won't you）?
18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
20)当主句是由so引起的一个句子，而且译为“这么说来”时，疑问部分的谓语形式（肯定或否定）应与主句保持一致。
So you have seen the film, have you?
So he has not been to Beijing ,hasn't he?
『补：Let's和Let us的区别』
◇1.Let's是Let us的缩写。包括说话人和听话人双方在内，含有催促、建议或请对方一起行动的意思。在听话人表示赞同建议时可只用Let's.如：
---Shall we go by train？
---Y es，let's.
◇2.当请求对方允许自己（第一人称复数）做某事时，要用Let us，这里的us 不包括听话对方在内，不能缩写为Let's.
如两个同学对老师说：
Please let us remove the bookshelf for you.
让我俩给你移动一下书架。
◇3.两者在构成附加疑问句时，方法不同。如：
Let's go to see the film,shall we ?
咱们去看电影，好吗？
Let us go to see the film,will you?
让我们去看电影，好吗？
快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语疑问部分
I aren't I
Wish may +主语
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few, seldom, hardly,肯定含义
rarely, little等否定
含义的词
ought to（肯定的）shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语
have to+v.(had to+v.)don't +主语(didn't +主语)
used to didn't +主语或usedn't +主语
had better + v.hadn't you
would rather + v.wouldn't +主语
you'd like to + v.wouldn't +主语
must根据实际情况而定
感叹句中be +主语
Neither…nor,
either…or 连接的根据其实际逻辑意义而定
并列主语
指示代词或不定代词
everything,that,主语用it
nothing,this
并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句的
主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引导与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one复数they, 单数he
情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语
dare, need 为实义动词do +主语
省去主语的祈使句will you/won't you/can't you？
Let's 开头的祈使句Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句Will you?
there be相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）
否定前缀不能视为否定词仍用否定形式
must表"推测"根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句
反意疑问句的回答
对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。
例---He likes playing football, doesn?t he? 他喜欢踢足球，不是吗？
---Y es, he does. / No, he doesn?t. ，是他喜欢。/ 不他不喜欢。
---His sister didn?t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？
---Y es, she did. / No, she didn?t. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加
若be动词后是never//few//little,后面的动词仍用肯定形式
反意疑问句是英文中常见的一种句型，它提出情况或看法，询问对方同意与否，被广泛应用于英语口语。反意疑问句通常由两部分构成：前一部分用陈述句的形式（statement），后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句(也叫tag question)。所附简短问句中的主语和谓语与陈述句的保持一致，而且两部分的时态要一致。反意疑问句有四种类型：（1）肯定陈述+否定简短问句；（2）否定陈述+肯定简短问句；（3）肯定陈述+肯定简短问句；（4）否定陈述+否定简短问句。其中，前两种运用最为广泛。除此之外，反意疑问句还有“祈使句+简短问句”的形式，这种用法通常用于减弱祈使语气。如: Carry this parcel for me, can you? 给
我拿一下包，好吗？
反意疑问句的构成有以下几点特殊情况须注意：
1．当陈述句的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述句的主语是非人称的复合词，如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。例如:
Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn?t they?
Nobody came, did they?
Everyone thinks they?re the center of the universe, don?t they?
Nothing can stop us now, can it?
2．当陈述句是表示存在的句子时，简短问句用there 作形式主语。例如:
There isn?t a book on the table, is there?
There?s something wrong, isn?t there?
There won?t be any trouble, will there?
3．如果陈述句中包含有如下的否定或半否定词, 如seldom, hardly, never, rarely,little, few, nowhere, nothing，则简短问句通常用肯定形式。但如果陈述句中仅包含有否定前缀，则简短问句中用否定形式。例如：
He was unsuccessful, wasn?t he?
The rules are invariable, aren?t they?
He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation, does he?
He hardly knows anything about computer, does he?
Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he?
4．陈述句中是I am时，简短问句则用aren?t I。例如:
I am an excellent English speaker, aren?t I?
I am late, aren?t I ?
5．陈述句中是非限定人称代词one时，正式文体中，简短问句的主语为one，而非正式文体中用you。例如:
One must be honest, mustn?t one?
6．含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句一般反映主句中主、谓之间的关系。但如果主句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等时，则简短问句反映的是that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系。例如：
They agreed that the United States shouldn?t make a war on Iraq, didn?t t hey?
I suppose (that) he is serious, isn?t he?
注意：否定词移位的情况，如：
I don?t suppose (that) he is serious, is he?
7．如果陈述句的谓语动词是have (当“拥有”讲时), 简短问句可用have形式或用do形式。例如：
Y ou have a nice house, haven?t/don?t you?
但如果陈述句是否定形式时，简短问句中动词的选择则由陈述句中的动词形式而定。例如：
He hasn?t a house of his own, has he?
He doesn?t have a house of his own, does he?
如果陈述句中的动词have 表示“经历，遭受，得到，吃”的意思时，则简短问句中的动词用do的形式。例如：
Y ou often have headaches, don?t you?
8．当陈述句的动词是ought to时，英国英语中简短问句用ought，而美国英语中则用should。
9．陈述句中的动词是used to时，简短问句可用used 的形式或did的形式。例如:
The Smiths used to live in the countryside, usedn?t / didn?t they?
He didn?t use/used to tell lies, did he?
10.陈述句中动词为needn?t时，简短问句通常用need。例如:
Y ou needn?t do it if you don?t want to, need you?
Y ou needn?t have told him the news, need you?
11.陈述句中must后动词的类属和时态不同，反意疑问句也不同。例如:
The food must be good, isn?t it?
Y ou must have read the book last month, didn't you?
Y ou must see the doctor, needn?t you?（must表必要性，故用needn?t）
Y ou mustn?t do that again, must you?(must表示“不可以”）
12.当陈述部分是一祈使句时，简短问句则通常为won?t you, would you, can you, can?t you, could you等，使语气婉转、客气。如果陈述部分的祈使句中含有第
一人称时，如Let?s do something, 则简短问句为shall we?例如:
Do sit down, won?t you?
Shut up, can you?
在否定的祈使句后，只能用will you。例如:
Don?t forget, will you?
13.当遇到宾语从句时候.一般反主句.但是以I think I believe. Isuppose ....开头的反从句
二、中文中的反意疑问句
简称反问句，是句式中的一种。表面上看，是疑问句；实际上说话者是在强调某种肯定或否定的答案,也就是明知故问。这类句式常和“难道”、“怎么”等词联接。通常答案就在句子当中.
比如：
1. "难道我会不知道？"----说话者是在强调自己是知道的。
2. "（难道）我有这么笨吗？"----说话者在强调自己并不笨。这里“难道”一词也可以省略。
3."数学真的这么难么?"----说话者在强调数学不难.
4."那怎么是一样的呢？"----说话者在强调那是不一样的。
5.我们难道要浪费时间吗？——强调要珍惜时间
6.你们怎能破坏环境呢? ——强调要保护环境
7.不是应该这样的吗？——强调应该这样
反问句结尾时正常用问号，而有些特殊的句子也可一用感叹号。
如：“得把他们抱过来，同死人待在一起怎么行！”意思就是说同死人待在一起不行，表示极度强调。
同英文中不同，回答这类问题往往是按照个人习惯
如：“数学真的这么难么?”
答：“不是，数学很简单。”
问：“那怎么是一样的呢？”
答：“是啊，那明明不一样。”
英语18种特殊的反意疑问句
1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如：
Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板，好吗？
Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：
1)Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如：
Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧，好吗？
还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。
2)Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如：
Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试，行吗？
2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如：
What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？
3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to，且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。例如：
He needs help, doesn't he?他需要帮助，是吗？
4.陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时，反意疑问句用aren't I 或am't I ,而不是am not I (可用am I not)。例如：
I'm working now, am't I? 我在工作，是吗？
5.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时，反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如：
Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了，是吧？
6.陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如：
Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了，是吗？
No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事，对吗？
7.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时，反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如：
This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机，是吗？
These are grapes，aren't they? 这些是葡萄，是吗？
8.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时，反意疑问句的主语可以用one，也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如：
One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人，是吧？
9.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时：few, little, seldom，hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等，其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。例如：He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到，是吗？
10.当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的，其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如：
It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平，是吧？
11.含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时，其反意疑问句用肯定结构，也可以用否定结构。例如：
Y ou got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到，是吗？
12.当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时，反意疑问句的主语应该用it。例如：
What you need is more important, isn't it？你需要的东西更重要，是吧？
13.当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 结构时，其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致，注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如：
I don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来，对吗？
14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思，并在句中做谓语时，其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。例如：
They had a meeting just now，didn't they? 他们刚才开了个会，是吗？
15.陈述部分有have to 时，其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如：
Y ou have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜，对吧？
16.陈述部分是there be句型时，其反意疑问句中要用there。例如：
There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 过去这儿有家医院，是吗？
17.陈述部分有had better时，反意疑问句中要用hadn't。例如：
We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我们现在最好马上去上学，好吗？
18.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定；要；必须”讲，反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't；而当must作推测意义“一定是；必定”讲时，反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如：
He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必须努力学物理，是吧？
Tom must be at home，isn't he? 汤姆一定在家，是吧？
如何回答反意疑问句
在回答的时候，如果是前肯后否的句子，思维和中国人相同；如果是前否后肯的句子，
思维正好同中国人相反：
He is a student, isn't he? (他是个学生，不是吗？）
Y es, he is.(是的，他是学生）
No, he isn't.(不是，他不是学生）
He doesn't like playing football, does he?(他不喜欢踢球，是吗？）
Y es, he does.(不是，他喜欢踢球）
No, he doesn't.(是的，他不喜欢踢球）
I am not a teacher, am I? (我不是一名老师，是吗?)
Y es, I am.(不是，我是一名老师。）
No, I am not.(是的，我不是一名老师。）
5.最后一点，在回答的时候，不允许Y es,.....no
t Unit 1 Will people have robots?
Ⅰ.Teaching aims and demands:
Students learn to make predictions.
Ⅱ.Key and difficult points:
A. Vocabulary
1. robot, pollution, astronaut, apartment, rocket, space station, moon
2. free time
3. paper money, credit card
B. Target language
1. What do you think life will be like in 100 years?
Every home will have a robot.
2. Will kids go to school?
No, they won’t. They’ll study at home.
3. There will be fewer trees.
C. Structures
Future with will
Yes/No questions with short answers
Quantities with more, less, fewer
D. Grammar
The simple future tense.
Ⅲ.Teaching aids :
A tape recorder, the map of the world
Ⅳ.Teaching methods:
Audio-lingual method; Communicative Approach; PPP Ⅴ.This unit is divided into six periods.
Lesson 1 Listen and speak Ⅰ.Teaching aims and demands:
Students learn to make predictions.
Ⅱ.Key and difficult points:
A. Vocabulary
Robot, won’t, they’ll, paper, use
B. Target language
1. What do you think life will be like in 100 years?
Every home will have a robot.
2. Will kids go to school?
No, they won’t. They’ll study at home.
C. Structures
Future with will
Yes/No questions with short answers
D. Grammar
The simple future tense.
Ⅲ.Teaching aids :
A tape recorder
Ⅳ.Teaching methods:
Audio-lingual method; Communicative Approach; PPP
Ⅴ.Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Loading in
T ask 1 On the board write a simple time line showing four dates: today’s date, a date exactly one year from now, a date five years from now,
and a date ten years from now.
T ask 2 Ask: What w ill be different in your life one year from now?
Will you be at this school in a year?
Using the dates , ask Ss some questions to help Ss think ahead.
T ask 3 After writing the Ss’ predictions, underline the word will in each one.
Step 2 Key vocabulary
T ask 1 Point to the line on the board and extend it out to 100 years in the future. Ask the students to talk about 100 years in the future.
T ask 2 Read each prediction to the class. Introduce and explain new vocabulary items.
T ask 3 Read the instructions and ask Ss to check A or D.
T ask 4 T alk about the answers with the class.
Step 3 T arget language
T ask 1 Read the six predictions to the class or have a student do it, then read the instructions.
T ask 2 Read the instructions.
T ask 3 Play the recording the first time. Students only listen.
T ask 4 Play again. Ask students to circle the things they hear..
T ask 5 Check the answers.
Step 4 Pair work
T ask 1 Read the instructions. Then ask students to read the sample conversations in activity 1c.
T ask 2 Help other Ss to make one or two other predictions using statements like those in the sample dialogue.
T ask 3 Ask students to work in pairs and make their own conversations.
T ask 4 Ask some pairs to present one or more of their conversations to the class.
Ⅵ Homework
1. Remember the vocabulary and the target language.
2. Review the simple future tense.
Lesson 2 Listen ,speak and Grammar Focus Ⅰ.Teaching aims and demands:
1. Revise the target language, and complete the listening practice;
2. Learn Grammar Focus.
Ⅱ.Key and difficult points:
A. Vocabulary
1. pollution, tree
2. more/less/fewer
B. Target language
1. There will be fewer trees
2. There will be less pollution.
C. Structures
Quantities with more, less, fewer
D. Grammar
The simple future tense.
Ⅲ.Teaching aids :
A tape recorder
Ⅳ.Teaching methods:
Audio-lingual method; Communicative Approach; PPP
Ⅴ.Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Revision
T ask 1 Review the simple future tense: will
T ask 2 Practice the conversations using the target language students have already studied.
Step 2 Listening
T ask 1 Read the instructions.
T ask 2 Ask some students to read the predictions to the class.
T ask 3 Play the recording the first time. Students only listen.
T ask 4 Play again. Ask students to circle the words they hear on the recording.
T ask 5 Check the answers.
Step 3 Listening
T ask 1 Read the instructions and point to the list of predictions to the class.
T ask 2 Ask different students to read the predictions to the class.
T ask 3 Play again. Ask students to check the predictions they hear.
T ask 4 Check the answers.
Step 4 Groupwork
T ask 1 Read the instructions for the activity.
T ask 2 Ask students to read the conversation to the class .
T ask 3 Read the dialogue again. Ask students to point to the sentence that the two students are talking about.
T ask 4 Ask students to work in groups, ask and answer.
T ask 5 Check the answers by calling on different groups to say a conversation to the class.
Step 5 Grammar Focus
T ask 1 Read Grammar Focus.
T ask 2 Review the simple future tense with will.
T ask 3 Review the concept of countable and uncountable nouns, and more, less and fewer.
Ⅵ Homework
1. Revise the target language.
2. Finish off the exercises on exercise book.
Lesson 3 Read, write and speak
Ⅰ.Teaching aims and demands:
1 Revise the target language, and complete the reading and writing
practice;
2 Go on learning the simple future tense.
Ⅱ.Key and difficult points:
A. Vocabulary
1. she’ll=she will
2. building
B. Target language
1. What do you think Sally will be in five years?
I think she will be a doctor.
2. What will she play?
She’ll play…
C. Structures
Future with will
More/less/fewer