全国2014年4月自考英语词汇学真题
绝密★考试结束前
全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试
英语词汇学试题
课程代码：00832
请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分
注意事项：
1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%)
1. “Woman” becomes “Frau” in German, “femme” in French and “fùnǔ” in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______．
A. sounds B．forms
C. unities D．meanings
2.The following words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______．
A. fire B．hot
C. photoscanning D．sister
3.Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese?
A. Bazaar. B．Kowtow.
C. Rajah. D．Blitzkrieg.
4.The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of the following EXCEPT ______．
A. Europe B．the Far East
C. India D．the Near East
5. Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words in the present-day English vocabulary?
A. The rapid development of modern science and technology.
B． Social, economic and political changes.
C. The invasion of foreign countries.
D． The influence of other cultures and languages.
6. Modern English vocabulary develops through the following channels EXCEPT ______.
A. creation B． borrowing
C. semantic change D． lexical change
7. How many monomorphemic words are there in the following words?
cats boss work improper tried
A.1.
B.2.
C.3.
D.4.
8. Among the following words, “______” does NOT h ave inflectional affixes.
A. liked B．children’s
C. happier D．it’s
9. Which of the following words does NOT have suffixes?
A. Northward. B．Widen.
C. Happy. D．Worker.
10. Among the following words, “______ ” contains a negative prefix.
A. amoral B． de-compose
C. antiwar D． foretell
11. From the viewpoint of word formation, the word “smog” is a ______.
A. compound B． conversion
C. clipping D． blending
12. Which of the following is partially converted?
A. A white. B．A drunk.
C. The poor. D． Finals.
13. One can figure out the meaning of “airmail” to be “mail by air” by its ______.
A. onomatopoeic motivation B． morphological motivation
C. semantic motivation D． etymological motivation
14. When a reader comes across the word “home” in his reading, the word may remind him of his “family, friends, warmth, safety, etc. ” In this sense, the word “home” conveys ______.
A. connotative meaning B．stylistic meaning
C. affective meaning D．collocative meaning
15. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features of
words.
B．Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.
C. Affective meaning indicates the listener’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.
D． Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.
16. Words that are identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning are called ______.
A. perfect homonyms B． homographs
C. homophones D． homonyms
17. The differences between synonyms exist in the following areas EXCEPT ______.
A. denotation B． connotation
C. reference D． application
18. “Apple, pear, peach, orange, lemon, etc.” make up the ______ of “fruit”.
A. synonyms B． homonyms
C. superordinate term D． semantic field
19. ______ of meaning is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning
has now become generalized.
A. Degradation B． Elevation
C. Extension D． Specilization
20. Which of the following is NOT one of the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?
A. Cultural reason. B． Historical reason.
C. Class reason. D． Psychological reason.
21. The word “minister” originally meant“a servant”, but now has changed to“a head of a ministry”. This process of meaning change is called ______．
A. extension B． elevation
C. degradation D． specialization
22. In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the ______in which it occurs.
A. structure B．sentence
C. phrase D．clause
23. There is an ambiguity in the sentence “He is a hard businessman” due to ______.
A. polysemy B． homonymy
C. synonymy D． antonymy
24. Which of the following is NOT one of the context clues?
A. Definition. B． Polysemy.
C. Synonymy. D． Antonymy.
25. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of idioms?
A. The part of speech of each element in an idiom is very important.
B．The constituents of idioms can’t be replaced.
C. The word order in an idiom can’t be changed.
D． An idiom functions as one word.
26. Idioms nominal in nature have a(n) ______ as the key word in each and function as a noun in sentences.
A. verb B．adjective
C. preposition D．noun
27. Lexical manipulation is one aspect of the rhetorical features of idioms. The following EXCEPT ______ belong to lexical manipulation.
A. alliteration B． reiteration
C. repetition D． juxtaposition
28. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980), is among the best-known British ______ dictionaries.
A. unabridged B．desk
C. pocket D．bilingual
29. Generally, a dictionary covers the following contents EXCEPT ______.
A. spelling B． pronunciation
C. definition D． syntactical rules
30. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987) has some unique features such as definition, extra column and ______.
A. pronunciation B． grammar codes
C. usage examples D． language codes
非选择题部分
注意事项：
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(15%)
31. A word is a ______ free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
32. In Old English period, the introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary. It brought many new ideas and customs, and also many ______ terms such as “candle, altar, amen”.
33. A ______ is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity.
34. “Exam” is the shortened form of “examination” by back clipping. Then “quake” is used to mean “earthquake” by ______ clipping.
35. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its ______．
36. From the ______ point of view, polysemy is viewed as the coexistence of various meanings of the same word in a certain historical period of time.
37. The process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a specialized sense is called ______ of meaning.
38. The context clue used in the sentence “Many United Nations’ em ploye.es are polyglots. Ms. Mary, for example, speaks five languages” is ______．
39.The idiom “by twos and threes” cannot be turned into “by threes and twos”. It shows that unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent ______．
40. Bilingual dictionaries are written in ______ languages.
Ⅲ．Define the following terms.(15%)
41.creation (as one of the modes of vocabulary development)
42. conversion
43.hyponomy
44. linguistic context
45. phrasal verbs
IV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short, Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET . (20%)
46. Explain the logical relationships of the following terms:
free morphemes, affix, morphemes, bound root, bound morphemes
47. In which aspects do compounds differ from free phrases?
48. What is the difference between superordinates and subordinates? Explain it with the given words “flower, elephant, tiger, rose, tulip, animal”.
49. Guess the meaning of the underlined word and tell what context clue is used.
He was in a mood of complete euphoria, his happiness being the result of an announcement that he had won the sweepstakes.
V. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET . (20%)
50. Take “a laconic answer is a short answer” as an example to illustrate etymological motivation.
51. Comment on the following groups of words in terms of types of antonyms: contradictory terms, contrary terms, relative terms.
“dead—alive”, “young—old”, “employer—employee”
自考英语二历年试题真题及答案
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. B .for 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. realized I realize did realize I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. through in for after over on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. out out out out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what
真题版2018年04月自学考试03709《马克思主义基本原理概论》历年真题
2018年4月马原真题 《马克思主义基本原理概论》 2018年4月真题解析 一、单选题 1.马克思主义是时代的产物。马克思恩格斯所处的历史时代及其提出的各项任务，为马克思主义的产生提供了（） A.主观条件 B.客观条件 C.理论基础 D.理论前提 【答案】B 【解析】马克思主义是时代的产物。马克思恩格斯所处的历史时代及其提出的各项任务，为马克思主义的产生提供了客观条件。 【考点】马克思主义的产生和发展 2.马克思主义的革命性既表现为它具有彻底的批判精神，又表现为它具有（） A.完整的理论体系 B.严密的逻辑结构 C.鲜明的政治立场 D.崇高的社会理想 【答案】C 【解析】马克思主义哲学是以实践为基础的科学性和革命性的统一：（1）科学性表现在，首先它不带任何偏见，其次在于它具有深刻性，再次它还经受住了实践的检验并随着实践的发展而不断发展；（2）其革命性集中表现为它的彻底的批判精神，还表现在它具有鲜明的政治立场上。 【考点】马克思主义科学性与革命性的统一 3.唯物主义与唯心主义的区别在于如何问答（） A.世界的本质是什么的问题 B.世界可否被认识的问题 C.世界的存在是怎样的问题 D.世界统一性的问题 【答案】A 【解析】物质和意识哪个是本原、哪个是第一性的问题，这在哲学上属于本体论的问题，是最重要的方面。如何回答这个问题是划分唯物主义和唯心主义的标准。 【考点】物质世界和实践 4.实践作为一种感性物质活动，强调的是（） A.实践具有客观物质性 B.实践具有主观性 C.实践具有能动性 D.实践具有历史性 【答案】A 【解析】实践是主体能动地改造和探索客体的客观物质活动。 【考点】物质世界和实践 5.在唯物辩证法的基本范畴中，本质和现象反映了（） A.事物之间引起和被引起的关系
全国至自学考试英语二历年真题及答案全集
全国至自学考试英语二历年真题及答案全集 Last revision on 21 December 2020
2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 第一部分：阅读选择（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分） 第二部分：阅读判断（第11-15题，每题2分，共10分） 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16-25题，每题1分，共10分） 第四部分：填句补文（第26-30题，每题1分，共10分） 第五部分：填词补文（第31-40题，每题1分，共10分） 第六部分：完型补文（第41-50题，每题分，共15分） 绝密★启用前 2014年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 （课程代码00015） 第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分） 1、B 2、B 3、A 4、C 5、B 6、C 7、A 8、A 9、B 10、A 第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）
11、D 12、A 13、C 14、B 15、A 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16~25题，每题1分，共10分） 16、C 17、D 18、A 19、B 20、F 21、D 22、F 23、E 24、A 25、C 第四部分：填句补文（第26~30题，每题2分，共10分） 26、C 27、E 28、A 29、F 30、B 第五部分：填句补文（第31~40题，每题分，共15分） 31、G 32、I 33、B 34、H 35、A 36、K 37、C 38、E 39、L 40、J 第六部分：完形补文（第41~50题，每题分，共15分） 41、born 42、resulted 43、growth 44、manufacturing 45、moved 46、addition 47、fewer 48、machines 49、unnecessary 50、unemployment 【评分参考】本部分无分和1分的计分。语法错误或拼写错误均不给分；英、美拼写均可接受；大小写错误不扣分。 第七部分：短文写作（第51题，30分） 51.范文（略）
历年自考马克思主义基本原理概论试题及答案(2008--2014)
全国2008年10月高等自学教育考试马克思主义基本原理概论试题 一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分） 1．在21世纪到来的前夕，英国广播公司（BBC）在全球范围举行过一次“千年思想家”网上评选，结果高居榜首的是马克思。马克思主义之所以至今仍受到人们的普遍关注，充满生机和活力，是因为（B）A．它完成了对各种客观事物的认识B．它正确反映了社会发展规律并具有与时俱进的理论品质C．它是检验人们各种认识是否正确的标准D．它对人们的各种实践活动都有具体的指导作用 2．学习马克思主义的根本方法是（C） A．精读马列原著 B．熟记基本原理C．理论联系实际 D．深入调查研究3．划分唯物主义和唯心主义的唯一标准是（C） A．是否承认世界的统一性 B．是否承认联系的普遍性 C．是否承认物质第一性意识第二性 D．是否承认思维和存在具有同一性 4．下列选项中，正确表述了实践含义的是（D） A．实践是主体纯主观的精神性活动B．实践是主观创造客观世界的活动 C．实践是主体应付外部环境的活动D．实践是主体改造和探索客体的社会性物质活动 5．唯物辩证法的总特征是（A） A．联系和发展的观点 B．量变和质变的观点C．对立统一的观点 D．辩证否定的观点6．建设社会主义先进文化，对传统文化必须批判地继承。这种态度依据的哲学道理是（D） A．世界是过程集合体的原理 B．新事物必然战胜旧事物的原理 C．内容决定形式的原理D．辨证的否定的原理 7．下列选项中，正确揭示了认识的本质的是（A） A．认识是主体对客体的能动反映 B．认识是主体对客体的直观反映 C．认识是主体的主观创造 D．认识是主体的内心体验 8．一个完整的认识过程，需要经过两次飞跃。下列选项中属于第二次飞跃的是（C） A．进行社会调查 B．分析实际情况C．理论付诸实践 D．总结经验教训9．任何科学真理都不能穷尽对事物的认识，都是随着实践的发展而发展的。这说明真理都具有（B）A．客观性B．相对性C．绝对性 D．全面性10．划分阶级的唯一标准是（A） A．经济标准 B．政治标准C．思想标准 D．法律标准11．在社会发展中起决定作用的是（D） A．人和自然的矛盾 B．剥削阶级和被剥削阶级的矛盾 C．先进思想和落后思想的矛盾D．生产力和生产关系的矛盾 12．生产关系包括多方面的内容，其中起决定作用的是（B） A．人们在生产中的相互关系 B．生产资料的所有制形式 C．产品的分配方式 D．产品的交换方式 13．唯物史观和唯心史观在历史创造者问题上的根本对立在于是否承认（C） A．个人在历史发展中的作用 B．思想动机在社会发展中的作用 C．人民群众是推动历史发展的决定力量 D．剥削阶级代表人物在历史发展中的作用 14．商品的最本质因素是（B） A．使用价值B．价值C．交换价值 D．剩余价值 15．私人劳动和社会劳动形成的条件是（D） A．技术进步和生产资料公有制 B．技术进步和生产资料私有制 C．社会分工和生产资料公有制 D．社会分工和生产资料私有制 16．资本主义再生产的特征是（B） A．简单再生产B．扩大再生产C．粗放型再生产 D．集约型再生产 17．资本主义意识形态的核心是（C） A．享乐主义 B．拜金主义C．利己主义 D．自由、平等与博爱18．资本周转速度与周转次数之间（A） A．成正比例关系 B．成反比例关系C．按同比例变化 D．无直接联系 19．社会总产品是社会各个物质生产部门在一定时期（通常是一年）内生产的（C） A．全部生产资料的总和 B．全部消费资料的总和C．全部物质资料的总和 D．全部剩余价值的总和20．资本主义企业的生产成本是（D） A．不变资本价值与剩余价值之和 B．可变资本价值与剩余价值之和 C．流动资本与剩余价值之和 D．不变资本价值和可变资本价值之和
2019年自考英语二历年试题(真题)及答案
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2020年4月全国英语词汇学自考试题及答案解析
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自考-马克思基本原理历年真题
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A(真理是事物发展的客观规律 B.真理是对事物及其规律的正确反映 C.真理是不依赖于意识的客观实在 D.真理是大多数人承认的客观事实 10(实践作为检验真理的标准，既具有确定性，又具有 A(普遍性B.特殊性C.不确定性 D.绝对性 11(地理环境在社会发展中的作用是 A(影响社会结构的划分B.影响社会发展的速度C.决定社会制度的性质 D.决定社会形态的更替 12(下列各项属于意识形态的是 A(哲学B.物理学C.数学 D.语言学 13(在生产关系的各项内容中，起决定作用的是 A(人们在生产中的地位B.人们在生产中的相互关系C.产品的分配方式 D.生产资料的所有制形式 14(既坚持历史决定论又承认主体选择的作用，这属于 A(历史唯物论观点B.相对主义观点C.诡辩论观点 D.折衷主义观点 15(关于社会分工的产生，下列表述中正确的是 A(社会分工是私有制的产物 B.社会分工是商品经济的产物 C.社会分工是资本主义的产物 D.社会分工是生产力发展的产物 16(构成商品价格基础的是A(使用价值B.价值C.商品供给 D.商品需求 17(以生产资料形式存在的资本是 A(不变资本B.可变资本C.流动资本 D.流通资本 18(在必要劳动时间不变的情况下，将工作日延长所生产出的剩余价值是 A(绝对剩余价值B.相对剩余价值C.超额剩余价值 D.平均剩余价值 19(产业资本的循环包括 A(生产、流通和销售阶段B.生产、储存和销售阶段C.购买、生产和销售阶段D.购买、生产和储存阶段
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自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理
自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理
English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics （文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。
2018年自考《马克思主义基本原理概论》考试真题及解析
2018年4月自考马克思主义基本原理概论考试真题及解析 一、单选题 1.马克思主义是时代的产物。马克思恩格斯所处的历史时代及其提出的各项任务，为马克思主义的产生提供了（） A.主观条件 B.客观条件 C.理论基础 D.理论前提 【答案】B 【解析】马克思主义是时代的产物。马克思恩格斯所处的历史时代及其提出的各项任务，为马克思主义的产生提供了客观条件。 【考点】马克思主义的产生和发展 2.马克思主义的革命性既表现为它具有彻底的批判精神，又表现为它具有（） A.完整的理论体系 B.严密的逻辑结构 C.鲜明的政治立场 D.崇高的社会理想 【答案】C 【解析】马克思主义哲学是以实践为基础的科学性和革命性的统一：（1)科学性表现在，首先它不带任何偏见，其次在于它具有深刻性，再次它还经受住了实践的检验并随着实践的发展而不断发展；（2)其革命性集中表现为它的彻底的批判精神，还表现在它具有鲜明的政治立场上。 【考点】马克思主义科学性与革命性的统一 3.唯物主义与唯心主义的区别在于如何问答（） A.世界的本质是什么的问题 B.世界可否被认识的问题 C.世界的存在是怎样的问题 D.世界统一性的问题 【答案】A
【解析】物质和意识哪个是本原、哪个是第一性的问题，这在哲学上属于本体论的问题，是最重要的方面。如何回答这个问题是划分唯物主义和唯心主义的标准。【考点】物质世界和实践 4.实践作为一种感性物质活动，强调的是（） A.实践具有客观物质性 B.实践具有主观性 C.实践具有能动性 D.实践具有历史性 【答案】A 【解析】实践是主体能动地改造和探索客体的客观物质活动。 【考点】物质世界和实践 5.在唯物辩证法的基本范畴中，本质和现象反映了（） A.事物之间引起和被引起的关系 B.事物的内在要素和结构方式的关系 C.事物过去、现在和将来的关系 D.事物的根本性质和表面特征间的关系 【答案】D 【解析】本质是指事物的根本性质以及组成事物基本要素的内在联系；现象是指事物的表面特征以及这些特征的外部联系。 【考点】物质世界的普遍联系和永恒发展 6.意识的能动性最突出的表现是，意识活动（） A.具有目的性和计划性 B.能通过指导实践改造世界 C.具有主动性和创造性 D.能影响人的心理活动 【答案】B 【解析】意识能通过指导实践改造客观物质世界。这是意识能动作用最突出的表现。