2018年山东省济宁市中考英语试卷(含答案与解析)

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绝密★启用前

山东省济宁市2018年初中学业水平考试

英 语

(考试时间120分钟，满分100分)

第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共45分）

一、听力选择（共15分，略） 二、阅读理解（共15题，计30分）

阅读下面短文,从每小题A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中,选出能回答所提问题的最佳答案。

A

Maps are pictures of places. You must have seen a map of the world, of your home country and even of your home city. They show us towns, cities, roads, parks, schools, hospitals, and more.

There are also many other types (类型) of maps. Each gives a special kind of information. There are street maps, tourist maps, and even maps of the air and sea.

Here is a simple road map.

16. Which is the biggest town on the map? A. Greenton.

B. Bluetown.

C. Smalltown.

D. Bigtown.

17. If you drive from Smalltown to Bluetown, which is the best way to choose? A. M3.

B. M13.

C. M23.

D. R67.

18. What does the writer mainly want to tell us?

A. Ways to choose maps.

B. Ways to read maps.

C. Some types of maps.

D. The importance of maps. B

It's that time of the year —graduation. The end of school year is nearly in sight, and it's an especially big deal if you're finishing high school or college.

One amazing 16-year-old Florida girl, Grace Bush, graduated from both high school and college this week! She actually got her college diploma before her high school diploma. How did she manage to do that?

"Hard work and great attention," she told a local TV news station, "have made me succeed in doing high school and college at the same time." She started taking college courses when she was just 13. She would often get up at 5:30 a. m. and go to bed after 11:00 p. m.

Doing both at the same time is a huge achievement, and it has also helped her family save money. She's one of the 9 children, all home-schooled until the age of 13. Her father is a math professor while her mother is a part-time history teacher in a high school. Grace Bush has earned her college degree in law, with a nearly perfect GPA of 3.8 and she hopes to become a lawyer one day, although her parents expect her to teach at university. By the way, she also played basketball in her college team in her spare time. 19. In what way is Grace "amazing"? A. She is a 16-year-old Florida girl. B. She finished high school this week.

C. She worked very hard at her lessons every day.

D. She graduated from both high school and college at 16. 20. Which picture might Graces diploma look like?

A

B

C

D

21. What is the key to grace's success? A. Taking college courses at 13.

B. Working hard at her courses.

C. Growing up in a professor’s family.

D. Having a dream of becoming a teacher.

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22. Which of the following is TRUE according to the last paragraph?

A. The Bushes have 13 children altogether.

B. Graces mother is a full-time history teacher.

C. Grace wants to teach at university in the future.

D. Grace received her education at home before 13.

C

In America, boys and girls often join clubs. The members of a club work together. They also learn certain skills and share good times.

Many boys belong to Boy Scouts. Boy scouts enjoy hiking and camping out together, and they learn many things. Scouts learn safety rules, first aid, and what to do when in danger. Members have a chance to learn outdoor living. They learn to build fires and cook out in the open.

Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls are clubs for girls. These two clubs give their members a chance to have fun and learn. The girls in a group take trips, have parties and go hiking and camping together. The Camp Fire Girls earn honor beads(荣誉珠) for learning such skills as swimming and cooking. The Girl Scouts earn badges(徽章).

Both boys and girls can be members of 4-H clubs, Children who live in either the city or the country may belong to 4-H. A project such as raising a pig or a calf can be carried on only by farm children, while city children can take part in gardening and cooking projects.

In all these clubs the boys and girls learn to be good and useful citizens.

23. Why do boys and girls join clubs according to the passage?

A. To make their parents happy.

B. To earn honor beads and badges.

C. To learn skills and share good times.

D. To enjoy hiking and camping out.

24. What does Para. 2 mainly talk about?

A. What to do when in danger.

B. Some activities of Boy Scouts.

C. What Boy Scouts really enjoy.

D. Some skills about outdoor living.

25. What can we know from Para. 3?

A. In America there are many clubs for girls.

B. Camp Fire Girls is quite popular in America.

C. Girls can go hiking and camping with the boys.

D. Girls are encouraged to learn swimming and cooking.

26. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Members of 4-H clubs in America.

B. Clubs for boys and girls in America.

C. Different kinds of clubs in America.

D. Children who are interested in clubs.

D

Inventions make our life easier and better than before. What are the best inventions of last year? Here are three amazing things in Time magazine's list of the 25 best inventions of 2017.

Smart mug

It's hard to keep coffee or tea warm, especially in winter. But this smart mug from US company Ember Technologies can solve this problem. There is

an app for the mug that allows people to set the mug to a certain temperature

between 48℃and 62℃. Then, the mug keeps your coffee or tea at that temperature for about an hour, and even longer if you put the mug on a charging(充电) plate.

Social robot

Can robots talk to us like humans? Jibo, a robot made by US

company Jibo Inc. , can do this. With a big, round head and a big body,

Jibo looks like a cartoon character. And its voice sounds like a

10-year-old boy. As soon as you say "Hey, Jibo," it dances and turns to

face you. When it talks to you, it moves its head and body to

communicate with you. Its appearance, tone of voice and humor make you feel that you have a little friend Jibo is able to tell stories to children, take pictures just by hearing your order "Jibo, take a picture", and do hundreds of other jobs. Although its creators think that Jibo still has a lot to learn, it's available with a price of $ 899; a good price for a pretty smart and friendly robot!

Fidget spinner

What is the most popular toy this year? The answer is probably fidget

spinners. They are small plastic or metal toys with a bearing(滚珠轴承) in

the middle. The toys can keep turning around on your fingertip for a few

minutes after you start them. Once they are turning, you can put them on

any other flat surface, such as a ruler or even the nose of a pet dog. This toy is very popular

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among young people around the world. Some people say that it helps them calm down and relax. But it may not be a good thing to spend too much time playing with it. 27. Why is the smart mug special? A. It's not easy to get broken in winter.

B. It can heat coffee or tea up to 48 °

C. C. It can solve many difficult problems.

D. It has an app to control the temperature.

28. What does the underlined sentence mean? A. Jibo is not perfect yet but worth buying.

B. Although Jibo is cheap, it's not worth buying.

C. Although Jibo is expensive, it is worth the money.

D. The creators have to learn a lot to make Jibo perfect. 29. What is a fidget spinner used for? A. Having fun.

B. Cleaning finger.

C. Doing homework.

D. Answering questions.

30. What's the best title for the whole text? A. Inventions and our life. B. Time magazine's list. C. Best inventions of 2017.

D. Mugs, robots and toys.

第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共55分)

三、听力填词(共5小题,计5分，略) 四、单词拼写与运用(共8小题,计8分)

根据句意完成已给出首字母或汉语提示的单词，使补全后的句子意思通顺、语法正确。

1. In the north of China, leaves usually fall down when a_______ comes.

2. A p_______ at a school is a place for students to play and do sports.

3. In China more and more people r_______ shared bikes to and from work.

4. Don't worry about the children. They are old enough to look after t_______.

5. People often fly kites on sunny and _______(多风) days.

6. It's a good habit to brush your_______(牙齿) after a meal.

7. The stamp I bought yesterday_______(花费) me 20 yuan .

8. When we left, the kids said goodbye to us_______(礼貌).

五、语法填空(共10小题,计10分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A

There were many people on a bus. An old man 1. _______ (look) here and there. He wanted to find 2. _______empty seat. Then he saw one and went to it. A small bag was on the seat. And a young man was beside it.

“Is this seat empty?” asked the old man.

"No, it's 3. _______an old woman. She went to buy some bananas.” said the young man. "Well, let me sit here, please. I'll leave here when she 4. _______ (come) back, "replied the old man.

After a few minutes, the bus started. "The old woman 5. _______ (not come), but her bag is here. Let me give her the bag." Then the old man threw the bag out of the bus window.

The young man jumped up and shouted, "Don't throw! It's my bag!"

B

A Spring Morning

Th is spring morning in bed I’m lying, Not to awake till the birds are crying.

After one night of wind and showers, How many are the fallen flowers! (Translated by Xu Yuanchong)

This poem 6. _______ (write) by Meng Haoran (689-740), who lived during the Tang Dynasty. It might be one of the 7. _______ (famous) poems about spring in China. People like to read it 8. _______ they wake up on a spring morning.

Meng didn't directly say how much he loved spring. Instead, he wrote about the details(细节) of the season: the birds, wind, rain showers and fallen flowers. His descriptions(描述) of these things showed 9. _______ (we) the joy he felt during springtime.

Meng chose to write about the sounds of spring. These sounds allow readers 10. _______

(picture) spring using their own imagination.

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六、完形填空(共7小题，计7分)

One day, a student asked his teacher, "what is greed?" The teacher d idn’t answer his question 1. _______, but asked the student to walk through the chocolate factory next to their school and pick out the biggest chocolate bar(条、块)he could find. But there was a 2. _______：As he passed through the factory, he could not turn back.

The student went to the chocolate factory. As he walked, he saw a large chocolate bar. He liked it, but thought he might be able to find an even bigger one if he kept going. He kept walking and saw 3. _______ chocolate bar. This one was a little bigger. But 4. _______, he thought he could find an even bigger one if he kept going. As he neared the end of the factory, he saw fewer chocolate bars, and 5. _______ of them were as large as the earlier ones. He started to regret his decision to keep going. Finally, he 6. _______. He went back to his teacher empty-handed and explained what had happened.

The teacher told him, “You liked the 7. _______ chocolate bar, but you kept looking for a bigger one. And later, you realized that you had given up the best chocolate bar because you thought you could do better. That is called greed.”

七、阅读表达(共5小题，计10分)

阅读短文，根据要求完成文后的题目。

There was once a King and he wanted to find out who could paint the best picture of peace. And he would offer a prize to the artist. Many artists tried. The King looked at all the pictures but there were only two he really liked and he had to choose between them.

One picture was of a calm(平静的)lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with white soft clouds. Everyone thought that was a perfect picture of peace.

The other picture had mountains too. But these were rugged(崎岖的) and bare(无遮蔽的). Above was an angry sky. And it was raining and lightening. Down the side of the mountain, a waterfall fell quickly. This did not look peaceful at all.

But when the King looked carefully, he saw behind the waterfall a bush(矮树丛) growing in a crack(裂缝) in the rock. In the bush a mother bird had built her nest(巢,窝). There, she sat on her nest...in perfect peace.

Which picture do you think won the prize?

The King chose the second picture. "Because," said the King, "peace does not mean to be in a place where there is no noise, trouble, or hard work. Peace means to be in the middle of all those things and still be calm in your heart. That is the real meaning of peace."

1.What did the King want the artists to do? (no more than 10 words)

_________________________________________________________________________ 2.What did everyone think of the 1st picture? (no more than 7 words)

_________________________________________________________________________ 3.Why did the King choose the 2nd picture?(no more than 11 words)

_________________________________________________________________________ 4.请将文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。

_________________________________________________________________________ 5.请给短文拟一个适当的英文题目。

_________________________________________________________________________

八、写作(共1小题，计15分)

某英文网站的"Student Life"栏目正在向中学生征文，标题为"A Time When I Made Someone Happy"，请你写一篇英文稿件,内容需包括以下要点：

1. Who was the person you made happy?

2. When was it?

3. What did you say or do?

4. Why did it make him/her happy?

5. How did you feel at that moment?

注意：1. 词数：100左右(题目不计入总词数)。

2. 文中不得出现可能透考生真实身份的任何信息。

_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

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山东省济宁市2018年初中学业水平考试

英语答案解析

二、阅读理解

A【文章大意】文章主要讲地图有很多种，显示不同信息，主要给我们提供了一个道路地图。

16.【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。由地图图例可知，Greentown是large town；Bluetown, Smalltown和Bigtown 是town。故选A。

17.【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题，根据地图可知M3，M23不可以到达，M13、R67都可以从Smalltown到Bluetown，但R67是崎岖小路，故最佳路线是M13，且其路线距离最短，故选B。

18.【答案】D细节理解题，根据There are also many other types(类型) of maps. Each gives a special kind of information.不同地图蕴含不同信息，这些信息能给我们帮助，说明了地图的重要性，文章主要给了一个道路地图，让我们从中读到不同信息，选择路线等，证明地图的重要性，故选D。

B【文章大意】主要介绍了一个Grace Bush的不同寻常的学习经历。

19.【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题，根据文中的第2段”One amazing 16-year old Florida girl, Grace Bush, graduated from both high school and college this week!”可知一个惊人的16岁的佛罗里达州女孩Grace Bush，本周从高中和大学同时毕业，故答案是D。

20.【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题，A护照；B英汉典；C毕业证；D驾照；根据文中的第2段One amazing 16-year old Florida girl, Grace Bush, graduated from both high school and college this week!一个惊人的16岁的佛罗里达州女孩Grace Bush，本周从高中和大学同时毕业可知C可能像她的毕业证书，故答案是C。

21.【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题，根据文中的第3段"Hard work and great attention"可知努力工作，非常专注是她成功的关键，故答案是B。

22.【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题，根据文中的第4段Doing both at the same time is a huge achievement, and it has also helped her family save money. She's one of the 9 children, all home-schooled until the age of 13.在同一时间做成两个巨大的成就，这也帮助她的家人省钱。她是9个孩子中的一个，在13岁之前，所有的教育都是在家完成的。可知13岁之前她在家里接受教育，故D正确，故答案是D。

C【文章大意】这是一篇教育文化类阅读，主要介绍在美国，男孩和女孩经常加入俱乐部。俱乐部的成员一起工作。学习某些技能，分享好时光。作者介绍了几个美国的俱乐部，在所有这些俱乐部中，男孩和女孩学习成为好的和有用的公民。

5

23.【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段In America, boys and girls often join clubs. The members of a club work together. They also learn certain skills and share good times.在美国，男孩和女孩经常加入俱乐部。俱乐部的成员一起工作。他们也学习某些技能并分享好时光。可知，男孩和女孩加入俱乐部学习技能和分享美好时光。选C。

24.【答案】B

【解析】段落大意题。根据文章第二段可知，此段主要讲述男孩加入童子军可以参加的活动及学到的技能。故选B。

25.【答案】A

【解析】段意猜测题。根据第三段Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls are clubs for girls.女童子军和营火女孩是女孩的俱乐部。可知，在美国有很多女孩俱乐部。选A。

26.【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段In America, boys and girls often join clubs.在美国，男孩女孩经常加入俱乐部。及第二段第一句Many boys belong to Boy Scouts.许多男孩属于童子军。第三段第一句Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls are clubs for girls.女童子军和营火女孩是女孩的俱乐部。可知，短文主要介绍美国男孩和女孩的俱乐部。选B。

D【文章大意】本文是介绍了2017年三个令人惊奇的发明物，数字马克杯，社交机器人和指尖陀螺。

27.【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题，结合There is an app for the mug that allows people to set the mug to a certain temperature between 48°C and 62°C.可知数字马克杯可以控制温度，故选D。

28.【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题，句意：尽管Jibo的创造者认为它还有很多东西要学，但是花899美元的价格购买一台还是很值得的，对于一台又聪明又友好的机器人来说价格很好。由这句话可以推知，虽然这款机器人的价格很贵，但是值得购买。故选C。

29.【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题，结合But it may not be a good thing to spend too much time playing with it.可知是玩耍的玩具，故选A。

30.【答案】C

【解析】标题判断题，结合Here are three amazing things in Time magazine's list of the 25 best inventions of 2017.本文是介绍了2017年三个令人惊奇最好的发明物，故选C。

三、听力填词

答案略

四、单词拼写与运用

1.【答案】autumn

【解析】句子翻译：在中国北部，秋天来临时叶子通常会掉下来。autumn名词，秋天。

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2.【答案】playground

【文章大意】学校的操场是学生玩耍和运动的地方。

【解析】从a place for students to play and do sports判断这里说的应该是操场，playground名词，操场。

3.【答案】ride

【解析】句子翻译：在中国，越来越多的人骑共享单车去上班。这里句子叙述一件事实，时态用一般现在时，ride动词，骑。

4.【答案】themselves

【解析】从They are old enough判断他们年龄足够大了，可以照顾自己了，look after oneself表示自理。故填themselves。

5.【答案】windy

【解析】根据题意：人们经常在阳光明媚的，多风的天气放风筝。可知此处是形容词windy。

6.【答案】teeth

【解析】根据句意：饭后刷牙是一个好习惯，可知考查名词，tooth，此处是复数形式teeth。

7.【答案】cost

【解析】根据题意：我昨天买的邮票花费了我20元钱。可知考查动词，此处的主语是stamp，物做主语时用cost表示花费，此处是过去式cost。

8.【答案】politely

【解析】根据题意：当我们离开时，孩子们礼貌地向我们道别。可知考查副词politely，修饰动词。

五、语法填空

A【文章大意】这是一篇奇闻逸趣类阅读，主要介绍一个老人在公交车上看到一个空位子。但是位子上有个包，旁边的年轻人说这个包是一个老妇人的。她去买香蕉了，一会回来。但是，车开走了，老妇人还没回来。老人说这个老妇人把包遗忘在车上了，让我把包还给她，然后要把包扔出公交车年轻人跳起来喊道：“别扔！这是我的包！”

1.【答案】looked

【解析】考查动词。句意“一个老人四处看”，由下一句He wanted to find他想找到…可知，用一般过去时态，结构是主语+动词的过去式。look的过去式是looked，填looked。

2.【答案】an

【解析】考查冠词。句意“他想找空座位”这里泛指一个空座位。empty是以元音音素/e/开头，用an修饰。

3.【答案】for

【解析】考查介词。句意“不，它是老妇人的”根据上一句"Is this seat empty?" asked the old man.这个座位是空的吗？老人问，及下一句She went to buy some bananas.她去买香蕉了。可知，应该是填介词for。

4.【答案】comes

【解析】考查动词。句意“她回来的时候我就离开这里”when引导的时间状语从句。主句用一般将

7

来时态。从句用一般现在时态，主要she她，第三人称单数。谓语动词用第三人称单数comes。5.【答案】doesn't come

【解析】考查否定句。句意“老妇人没有来，但是她的包在这里”。这里是直接引语，由is可知，一般现在时态，主语woman女人。单数，含有实意动词，变否定句在实意动词前加doesn't谓语动词用原形come填doesn't come。

B【文章大意】本文介绍的是孟浩然的诗歌《春晓》。春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。夜来风雨声，花落知多少。

6.【答案】was written

【解析】考查被动语态。结合句意：这首诗是由孟浩然写的，主语诗和谓语动词写作是被动的关系，应该用被动语态，这个动作发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故填was written。

7.【答案】most famous

【解析】考查形容词的最高级。空格前是the，结合句意：最著名的诗人之一，此处应该是形容词的最高级，故填most famous。

8.【答案】after

【解析】after为连词，意为“在……之后”。本句意为“人们喜欢在春天的早晨起床之后朗诵这首诗”。

9.【答案】us

【解析】考查代词的用法。空格前是动词，此处应该是宾格，故填us。

10.【答案】to picture

【解析】考查固定词组。根据题干可知此处是allow sb to do sth.允许某人做某事，结合句意：这些声音让读者用自己的想象描绘春天。故填to picture。

六、完形填空

【文章大意】学生问老师：“贪心是什么？”老师没有直接回答。而是让学生穿过学校旁边的巧克力工厂，挑出他能找到的最大的巧克力棒。但是有一条规则：当他经过工厂时，他不能走回头路，老师用生动的事例，给学生解释了“贪心”的含义。

1.【答案】directly

【解析】考查副词。directly，副词，意思是“直接地”，修饰动词didn't answer，再结合预猜句意老师没有直接回答他的问题可知，要填副词作状语。故答案为directly。

2.【答案】rule

【解析】考查名词。rule，可数名词，意思是“规则”，再结合句意但是有一条规则：当他经过工厂时，他不能走回头路。和前面的冠词a可知，要填名词单数形式。故答案为rule。

3.【答案】another

【解析】考查形容词。another，形容词，意思是“另一个”，再结合预猜句意他继续走着，看到另一个巧克力棒。可知，要填形容词作定语。故答案为another。

4.【答案】again

【解析】考查副词。again，副词，意思是“再一次”，修饰动词thought，再结合预猜句意但是，他

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再一次认为，如果他继续下去，他可以找到一个更大的。可知，要填副词作状语，故答案为again。

5.【答案】none

【解析】考查代词。none，代词，意思是“没有一个”，常构成短语none of…，再结合预猜句意而且它们都没有以前的那么大。可知，要填代词作主语。故答案为none。

6.【答案】gave up

【解析】考查动词短语。gave up，动词短语的过去式，意思是“放弃”，再结合预猜句意最后，他放弃了。他空手回到老师身边，向老师解释了发生了什么。可知，要填动词的过去式作谓语，故答案为gave up。

7.【答案】first

【解析】考查形容词。first，形容词，意思是“第一个”，再结合预猜句意你喜欢第一个巧克力棒。可知，要填形容词作定语。故答案为first。

七、阅读表达

【文章大意】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了国王提供了艺术家奖给画出和平的最佳画作的艺术家，面对两幅迥然不同的画最终作出决定，他明白和平意味着身处所有这些事情，你的心里仍然平静。

1.【答案】To find out the best picture of peace；

【解析】细节理解题；题目问的是国王想要艺术家做什么？根据原文"There was once a King and he wanted to find out who could paint the best picture of peace. And he would offer a prize to the artist."从前有一位国王，他想知道谁能画出和平的最好图画，并将为艺术家颁奖。可得出答案。

2.【答案】It was a perfect picture of peace;

【解析】细节理解题；题目问的是“大家怎么看这第一幅画？”根据原文"Everyone thought that it was

a perfect picture of peace."每个人都认为这是和平的完美画面。可得出答案。

3.【答案】peace means being calm in your heart.

【解析】细节理解题；题目问的是为什么国王选择了第二张照片？根据原文"peace does not mean to be in a place where there is no noise, trouble, or hard work. Peace means to be in the middle of all those things and still be calm in your heart. That is the real meaning of peace."和平并不意味着在一个没有噪音、麻烦或艰苦工作的地方，和平意味着在所有这些事情的中间，内心仍然平静，这就是和平的真正意义。可得出答案。

4.【答案】和平意味着即使处在那些（纷繁复杂的）事物之中，内心仍然平静。

【解析】英译汉题；means to be 意味着；in the middle of在…中间；in your heart在内心；

5.【答案】The Real Meaning of Peace

【解析】由全文可知，通过对比两幅风格完全不同的画作，国王指出了和平的真正含义。

八、写作

【答案】

A time when I made someone happy

9

Making someone happy can be one of the most rewarding feelings in this world. At the children's hospital, it is my greatest pleasure to cheer up the sick children. (让谁快乐) As a volunteer, I go to the children's hospital every weekend to see the sick children.(时间)I tell them stories, help them review their lessons and tell them interesting things that happened outside the hospital.(做的事情) For those children，hospital life is boring and they have to suffer from illness. So they especially need the care and love of others. (为什么使他们开心) I felt proud when I saw the smile on their faces.

【解析】

高分句型一：Making someone happy can be one of the most rewarding feelings in this world.让一个人快乐是这个世界上最有益的感觉之一。

Making是动名词作主语；one of the+形容词最高级表示最...之一。

高分句型二：I felt proud when I saw the smile on their faces.当我看到他们脸上的笑容时，我感到很自豪。

when引导时间状语从句

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