综英四单元翻译
Unit 6
个性和对生活的看法是因人而异的。从生物宿命论(biological determinism)的观点来看，一个人是无法逃脱基因特质的。从社会宿命论(social determinism)的观点来看，一个人则无法逃脱社会环境，或者说，他的世界观基本上受其经济社会地位支配。在古代，人们认为人体内有四种体液(the cardinal humors)，即血液(blood)、黏液(phlegm)、胆汁(choler) 和黑胆汁(black bile)，这四种体液在一个人身上的比例决定了一个人的脾性。因此，如果我们大多数人不是独自生活在荒野里，我们肯定要与不同个性和世界观的人发生各种联系。为享有舒适的环境，我们应该努力使这些关系更加和谐。首先，我们应该欣赏多样性，而不是为多样性感到苦恼。第二，我们绝不可干涉别人的私事；绝不可嘲笑别人的品味。第三，我们应该为别人有着不同于我们追求的喜好而感到高兴。第四，我们应该尽量避免很有可能引起争论的话题。第五，我们不应希望像两个律师或政治家一样彼此没完没了地摆道理来解决一切问题。第六，我们应该记住美德和智慧可能有多种形式。第七，我们应该尽量避免引起坏脾气的各种途径和原因。当然，我们只是提供了几条努力构建和谐人际关系的原则，你还可以根据你的生活经历加上一些新的原则。
Personalities and views on life vary f rom individual to individual. In the light of biologic al determinism, one can not escape from hereditary traits. In the light of social determinism, one can not escape from social environment; in other words, one’s world outlook is largely determined by his economic-social status. In ancient times, people were believed to have four different cardinal humors, namely blood, phlegm, choler and black bile, whose relative proportions in a person determined his mental qualities. Therefore, if most of us should not live alone in a wilderness, we are sure to have various relations with people of different personalities and world outlooks. We should endeavor to make these relations more harmonious so as to enjoy more comfortable surroundings. Firstly we should appreciate diversities rather than feel distressed by diversities. Secondly, we should never intrude on others’ privacy, or never ridicule others , tastes. Thirdly, we should take delight in others ’ pursuits different from our own. Fourthly，we should avoid as far as possible having subjects which are most likely to cause disputation. Fifthly, we should not wish to settle everything by contending endlessly with each other just like two lawyers or two politicians. Sixthly, we should remember that virtues and wisdom may be displayed in various forms. Seventhly, we should cut off as far as possible the means and causes of ill-temper. Of course , we have only offered a list of principles in an effort to build up harmonious relationships between people, and you may add more to the list from your own life experiences.
Unit 7
作者认为，国际主义情怀与世界主义情怀有着根本的差异。具有民族主义情怀是培养国际主义精神的先决条件。国际主义和平主张反对任何形式的战争，不是毁灭各国之后的和平。他相信，一个人对另—个民族的特性越赞赏，就越不会试图模仿这个民族的特性，因为民族特性非常深刻，无法模仿。大部分人的问题在于仅仅凭着一些短暂的印象，就对某一个民族的特性作出过于笼统的概括。另外，
我们应该明白，从最宽泛意义上说，语言可以被看做是一个民族的象征标示，因为语言包含了这个民族的生活方式、思维模式以及他们的历史文化背景。语言和文化相互联系、相互依存。因此，如果你希望了解某一民族的特性，学习他们的语言、了解他们的文化极其重要。
The author holds that there is an essential difference between being international and being cosmopolitan. Being national is an essential prerequisite of fostering international spirit. International peace advocates opposition to war in any form and not a peace after the destruction of nations. He believes that the more a man really appreciates and admires the character of another nation, the less he will attempt to imitate it, for it is too deep to imitate. The problem with most people is that they tend to make a sweeping generalization of the character of a particular nation just based on some fleeting impressions. In addition, we should understand that language could be deemed as the symbolic designation of a people in the broadest sense, for it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their way of thinking. Language and culture are interrelated with and interdependent upon each other. Therefore, it is extremely important to study their language and acquire knowledge of their culture if you wish to understand the character of a certain nation.
Unit 10
林语堂在论人性时，详述了人的尊严。他说，人类之所以优于其他一切生物，因为人类具有由几个要素构成的尊严。首先，人有带有游戏意味的好奇心，这种好奇心可以看做是人类发展智慧的最早迹象。第二，人类有梦幻。人生活在一个真实的世界里，却有着梦想另一个世界的能力和倾向。他说，世界就像一个点菜餐馆，每个人都认为邻座点的菜肴总比自己点的菜肴更加诱人、更加可口。第三，人类有幽默感。他给幽默感很高的评价。他认为，幽默与敏锐的感觉、合乎情理的精神以及头脑探知矛盾、愚蠢和糟糕逻辑的微妙能力联系在一起。幽默是人类智能的最高形式。林语堂还细致讨论了个性主义的理念。他认为，就文化而言，对某一文化的最后判断是看它产生怎样的男人和女人。他还用儒家的观点来阐明自己的看法：身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平。
When he talks about being human, Lin Yutang elaborates on human dignity. He says that human beings are superior to any other living creatures thanks to human dignity which consists of several elements. First of all, human beings have playful curiosity, which could be the first signs of developing human intelligence. Secondly, human beings have dreams. A man has the capacity and tendency to dream of another world though living in a real world. He says that the world is just like an a la carte restaurant where everybody thinks that the food the next table has ordered is invariably much more inviting and delicious than his own. Thirdly, human beings have a sense of humor. He eulogizes humor immensely, thinking that humor goes with good sense and the reasonable spirit, plus some subtle power of the mind in detecting inconsistencies and follies and bad logic. Humor is the highest form of human intelligence. Lin Yutang also talks in detail about the doctrine of the individual. He holds that the final judgment of any particular culture is what type of men and
women it turns out as far as culture is concerned. He also uses the argument of Confucianism to illustrate his own point that when personal life is cultivated, then home life is regulated; when home life is regulated then national life is regulated, then the
world is at peace.
Unit 14
科学领域的人与艺术领域的人表现出相互不理解，甚至相互厌恶。一种文化不知道另一种文化的优点，似乎故意不愿意看到对方的优点。科学界似乎对哲学，尤其是形而上学比较漠然。在诸多乞术形式中，音乐可能是在科学家中培养兴趣时最为关注的。科学家一般对诗歌、小说没有很大的兴趣。一般层次的年轻科学家似乎很少读文学作品。大多数科学家沉浸在自己的工作中。他们会说，若你不了解科学的结构，特别是自然科学的结构，你就不能懂得世界。说实话，从事艺术的人中也很少有人关心科学的事。有人说，科学家像一轮旭日，持续不断地变得越发辉煌；而艺术家则是日薄西山，慢慢沉入被人忘却的境地。罗素认为，科学家比艺术家更为幸运。他说：“当大众不理解一幅画或一首诗时，他们就下结论说这幅画不行，那首诗糟糕。当大众不理解‘相对论’时，他们的结论是（他们没错）他们尚未受到足够的教育。”我们认为，科学界和艺术界应该多一点相互理解，这样可以帮助大众更加全面地理解世界，最终使他们不仅关心“更大”、“更快”的问题，也关心“更美”、“更雅”的问题。
The scientific culture and the artistic culture show incomprehension and even dislike towards each other. Either culture does not know the virtues of the other, and it seems that it deliberately does not want to know the virtues of the other. The scientific culture seems to view with indifference philosophy, especially metaphysics. Music is perhaps among the arts the one that is the most cultivated as personal interests among scientists. As a rule, scientist do not show much interest in poetry or novels. It seems that the younger rank-and-file of scientists read very little literary works. Most scientists are immersed in their own work. They would claim that you couldn’t comprehend the world unless you acquire knowledge about the structure of science, in particular of physical science. To tell the truth, very few among those who are engaged in artistic work are concerned about scientific work. Some people hold that the scientist is like the rising sun, constantly and incessantly gaining splendor, while the artist is going downhill, sinking into obscurity by degrees. Russel holds that the scientist is more fortunate than the artist. He says,”When the public cannot understand a picture or a poem,they conclude that it is a bad picture or a bad poem. When they cannot understand the theory of relativity they, conclude (rightly) that their education has been insufficient.” We maintain that the scientific culture and the artistic culture need more mutual understanding, which may help the public understand the world in a comprehensive manner. In the end，they may display much interest in not only such issues as size and speed, but also such issues as beauty and elegance.
综合教程4Unit1-Unit4课文翻译
Unit 1 Never Give In, Never, Never, Never Winston Churchill Almost a year has passed since I came down here at your Head Master's kind invitation in order to cheer myself and cheer the hearts of a few of my friends by singing some of our own songs. The ten months that have passed have seen very terrible catastrophic events in the world—ups and downs, misfortunes—but can anyone sitting here this afternoon, this October afternoon, not feel deeply thankful for what has happened in the time that has passed and for the very great improvement in the position of our country and of our home? Why, when I was here last time we were quite alone, desperately alone, and we had been so for five or six months. We were poorly armed. We are not so poorly armed today; but then we were very poorly armed. We had the unmeasured menace of the enemy and their air attack still beating upon us, and you yourselves had had experience of this attack; and I expect you are beginning to feel impatient that there has been this long lull with nothing particular turning up! But we must learn to be equally good at what is short and sharp and what is long and tough. It is generally said that the British are often better at the last. They do not expect to move from crisis to crisis; they do not always expect that each day will bring up some noble chance of war; but when they very slowly make up their minds that the thing has to be done and the job put through and finished, then, even if it takes months—if it takes years—they do it. Another lesson I think we may take, just throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago and now, is that appearances are often very deceptive, and as Kipling well says, we must "... meet with Triumph and Disaster. And treat those two impostors just the same." You cannot tell from appearances how things will go. Sometimes imagination makes things out far worse than they are; yet without imagination not much can be done. Those people who are imaginative see many more dangers than perhaps exist; certainly many more will happen; but then they must also pray to be given that extra courage to carry this far-reaching imagination. But for everyone, surely, what we have gone through in this period—I am addressing myself to the school—surely from this period of ten months this is the lesson: never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never—in nothing, great or small, large or petty—never give in except to convictions of honour and good
综英第三版第四册 UNIT6 Chinese food课文翻译[优质文档]
Chinese Food "Few things in life are as positive as food, or are taken as intimately and completely by the individual. One can listen to music, but the sound may enter in one ear and go out through the other; one may listen to a lecture or. conversation, and day-dream about many other things; one may attend to matters of business, and one's heart or interest may be altogether elsewhere... In the matter of food and eating however one can hardly remain completely indifferent to what one is doing for long. How can one remain entirely indifferent to something which is going to enter one's body and become part of oneself? How can one remain indifferent to something which will determine one's physical strength and ultimately one's spiritual and moral fibre and well-being?" -- Kenneth Lo “生活中很少有什么东西像食物这样真切实在，或者说那么彻底的为个人接纳吸收。一个人可能在听音乐，但是音乐可以从一只耳朵进从另一只耳朵出；一个人可以在听讲座时胡思乱想；一个人可以在料理生意上的事务而他的心思和兴趣另有所属…….。而在吃饭就餐时，一个人几乎不可能长时间的对自己正在做的事完全无动于衷。一个人怎么能对即将进入身体并成为身体一部分的东西保持绝对的无动于衷呢？一个人怎么能对即将决定自己体力以及最终决定自己的精神和道德品质以及幸福安康的东西无动于衷呢？ ——肯尼斯·洛 This is an easy question for a Chinese to ask, but a Westerner might find it difficult to answer. Many people in the West are gourmets and others are gluttons, but scattered among them also is a large number of people who are apparently pretty indifferent to what goes into their stomachs, and do not regard food as having any ultimate moral effect on them. How, they might ask, could eating a hamburger or drinking Coca Cola contribute anything to making you a saint or a sinner? For them, food is quite simply a fuel. 这是一个中国人常问的问题，而西方人却很难作答。在西方，很多人都是美食家，还有其他一些是暴饮暴食者，而混杂于这两者中间的还有一种对吃进肚子的食物漠不关心的。这些人也许会问，吃一个汉堡，喝点可口可乐就会变成圣人或罪人？对于他们来说，食物就是一种能量。 Kenneth Lo, however, expresses a point of view that is profoundly different and typically Chinese, deriving from thousands of years of tradition. The London restaurateur Fu Tong, for example, quotes no less an authority than Confucius (the ancient Sage known in Chinese as K'ung-Fu-Tzu) with regard to the primal importance of food. Food, said the sage, is the first happiness. Fu Tong adds: "Food to my countrymen is one of the ecstasies of life, to be thought about in advance; to be smothered with loving care throughout its preparation; and to have time lavished on it in the final pleasure of eating." 肯尼斯·洛认却表达了一种截然不同的，典型的中国化的观点。这种观点源于从几千年中国文化。例如，一家伦敦餐馆的董福就引用了如同孔夫子（中国人陈这位古代圣人为孔夫子）的权威人士的话。圣者言，食乃是人生最大的幸福。董福还说：“食物对中国人来说是生活中的一大乐事，需要预先准备，需要精心烹饪，还要肯花时间去享受吃得乐趣。” Lo observes that when Westerners go to a restaurant they ask for a good table, which means a good position from which to see and be seen. They are usually there to be entertained socially -- and also, incidentally, to eat. When the Chinese go to a restaurant, however, they ask for a small room with plain walls where they cannot be seen except by the members of their own party,
英语专业综合教程2课后翻译答案
Unit1 1.那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进的技术，令观众仿佛身临其境。 Thanks to advanced technology, the film about the ancient battle gives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves. 2. 在那场大火中，整个古城毁于一旦，但是这块石碑却幸运地保存了下来。（devastate）That ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunately the stone tablet survived. 3.他们看了那段录像，听了那位妇女的讲述，心里充满了对那位地震孤儿的同情。 The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake. 4．那场大地震中，我们听到过太多太多教师的事迹，他们拒绝离开学生自己逃生，献出了自己的生命。（leave behind） In that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their lives. 5.豫园的建造始于1558年，但由于资金短缺时建时停，1578年才完成。 The construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and on for lack of money. 6. 1980年我遇到她时，她刚从国外读完硕士回来。（meet up with） In 1980, when I met up with her, she had just returned from abroad with a master’s degree. 7.这是我第一次来纽约，但我还是设法找到了那家小公司。 It was my first visit to New York, but I managed to find my way to the little firm. 8.在电影界要达到顶峰时非常困难的，但是作为一名导演谢晋做到了。 It is hard to make it to the top in the movie industry, but as a director Xie Jin did it. Unit2 1. 如今很多爱慕虚荣的年轻人，尽管还不富裕，但却迷上了漂亮的小汽车。（vain, be obsessed with） Many vain young people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they are not yet rich enough to afford them. 2．当他的婚外恋被妻子发现后，他们的婚姻终于破裂了。（affair, fall apart） Their marriage finally fell apart when his affair with another woman was found out by his wife. 3.那位艺术家为了获得创作的灵感，在农村住了三年，放弃了生活上的许多享受。(inspiration, deny oneself something) For artistic inspiration, the artist lived in the country for three years, where he denied himself many comforts of life. 4．我不知道明天去崇明岛的远足活动能不能成行，因为这要取决于会不会下雨。(excursion, at the mercy of) I’m not sure if we can have the excursion to Chongming Island tomorrow. It is
综英翻译句子复习
For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use Unit 1 1. She doesn’t seem to get along with her new classmates. 她似乎与新同学相处不好。（get along with） 2. I’d been out of touch with Mary for year, but I managed to reach her by phone yesterday. 我与玛丽失去联系多年，但昨天我与她在电话里联系上了。（out of touch，reach）3. The veteran enjoys showing off his medals to everyone who visits him. 那老兵喜欢对每一位来访者炫耀他的勋章。（show off） 4. He husband seems very much opposed to her going abroad. 她丈夫似乎非常反对她出国。（opposed to） 5. As Thomas couldn’t settle down in his job, his parents were very worried. 因为托马斯不安心工作，他的父母非常担忧。（settle down） 6. I always have all kinds of bits and pieces in my pockets. 我口袋里总是装着各种各样的小东西。（bits and pieces） 7. Her mother pulled a few strings to get her into the business circle. 她母亲通过一些私人关系使她进入商界。（pull strings） 8. I hope the food is to your liking. 我希望这些菜合你的胃口。（to somebody’s liking.） 9. I told the boys off for making so much noise. 那些男孩太吵闹，我把他们骂了一顿。（tell off） Unit4 1. Obviously I overestimated my sense of direction. Net time, I will remember to bring along a map with me. 我显然是高估了自己的方向感，下次我一定记得带地图。（overestimate） 2. The mother is not thoroughly disillusioned with her selfish unfilial son. 母亲对她那个自私不孝的儿子彻底失望了。（be disillusioned） 3. She has no knack for saying the right thing at the right time. 她很不善于见什么人说什么话。（have no knack for） 4. He and football were meant for each other from the start. 从一开始他就和足球结下了不解之缘。（be meant for） 5. My boss assigned me the secretarial work for the first month. 老板指派我在第一个月里做秘书工作。（assign） 6. If a driver breaks traffic rules, are there any alternatives to a fire? 驾驶员违反交通规则，除了罚款之外，还有别的处罚办法吗？（alternative to） 7. Being a clumsy person, he often subjects himself to ridicule. 他老是笨手笨脚，因而常常遭人嘲笑。（subject to）
综英4 课文翻译
Key to Translation(Page 187) 1. She seems to take little pleasure in doing such things. 2. The professor told us that the tradition of landscape painting could date from the prehistoric age. 3. After attending the lecture of the famous writer, he decided to give up medicine and take to literature. 4. Let’s dispense with the formalities and go directly into the discussion. 5. These animals run extraordinarily fast and in consequence their hunting methods are very efficient indeed. 6. The police searched every house in the district for the escaped criminal, but to no avail. 7. Parents tend to take very great pride in the achievements of their children. Key to Translation (Page 206) 1.Many developing countries, after independence, were afflicted with economic problems to begin with. 2. In order to protect domestic industries, the government decided to impose anti-dumping tariff on imported products. 3. Knowledge without practical experience counts for little. 4. Thousands of people were forced to abandon their homes to the invading enemy troops. 5. I’ve lived in Shanghai so long that I’ve looked upon the city as my second hometown. 6. The roof will have to be propped up while repairs are being carried out. 7. In (the) face of great hardship, he managed to keep his sense of humor. Key to Translation (Page 230) 1. They usually leave off work at 5 o’clock, but today they have to work overtime. 2. All the museums and art galleries in the city are open to the public for free / free of charge. 3. It’s very discouraging to be sneered at by them all the time. 4. She has been a little run down lately and the doctor has advised her to take a short holiday. 5. The whole city is bathed in a sea of joy today. 6. It’s very dark outside, and the sky is covered, as it were, with a black curtain. 7. I booked two film tickets by phone yesterday in the name of Thomas. Key to Translation (Page 309) 1. The tourists cheered with excitement when they saw water cascading down the mountainside. 2. Owing to the policy of reform, the small town is thriving day by day. 3. Could you read through this for me and highlight the important points? 4. At times I wonder if rote learning is worthwhile. 5. The superstitions that used to prevail in Old China are disappearing gradually. 6. Thanks to the improvement in export sales, the company has successfully fulfilled its marketing plan.
综合英语教程4第三版课后翻译答案
综合英语教程第三版4 邹为诚主编 第二单元p37 1.玛丽看到一个贼眉鼠眼的男人走进邻居家里。shifty Mary saw a shifty-eyed man walking into a neighbor’s house. 2.鲍勃总是嘲笑我对服饰的眼光。sneer at Bob always sneers at my taste in clothes. 3.打探别人的秘密是不礼貌的。pry It is impolite to pry into other’s secrets. 4.我想克里斯想要抢我的饭碗。be after sth I think Chris is after my job. 5.她看到克里斯给他使的眼色，说话的声音便越来越小了。trail off She trailed off, silenced by the look Chris gave her. 6.那些树枝干而易断。brittle The branches were dry and brittle. 7.收音机老是发出噼里啪啦的声响，我们几乎听不清里面说些什么。crackle The radio cracked so much that we could hardly hear what was said. 8.地面向海倾斜。slope The land slopes down to the sea. 9.他的口袋里鼓鼓囊囊的塞满了钞票。bulge His pockets were bulging with money. 10.我不得不和出租车司机就车费讨价还价。haggle I had to haggle with the taxi driver over the fare. 第三单元p58 1. 这样的好机会千载难逢。once in a blue moon An opportunity as good as this arises/occurs only once in a blue mo on. 2. 这个孩子因为私自拿了母亲包里的钱而觉得十分愧疚。guilty of The boy felt guilty for taking money from his mother’s handbag with out permission. 3. 她知道他的话一句真的也没有。give credence to She did not give credence to a single word of his story. 4. 一般来说，老师对学生的错误都比较宽容。be tolerant of Generally speaking, teachers are tolerant of their students’ mistakes. 5. 我想当然地以为你会跟我们一起来，于是就给你买了票。take… for granted I took it for granted that you’d want to come with us, so I boug ht you a ticket. 6. 由于经理的不断劝导，工作人员很快就改掉了迟到的坏习惯。break the habit Thanks to the manager’s repeated counseling, the staff soon broke th e bad habit o f comin g late to work. 7. 他现在对她发火，但不久会原谅她的。这只是几小时的事，仅此而已。a matter of, that’s all He’s furious with her now, but he’ll forgive her soon. It’s just/ only a matter of a few hours, that’s all. 第四单元p78
新视野大学英语读写教程第4册课后段落翻译
第一单元 一、英译汉 亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人，如数学，生物学和伦理学。他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。他的作品包含了人们所知的最早的关于逻辑的正式研究，即使在今天，亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面仍是学术研究的重要课题。他的哲学对所有的西方哲学理论的发展有着经久不衰的影响。在去世2,300多年后，亚里士多德仍是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。 二、汉译英 The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism. The so-called "mean" by Confucius doesn't mean "compromise" but a "moderate" and "just-right" way when understanding and handling objective things. Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as a way to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into one's daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training. The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component of traditional Chinese culture. From the time it came into being to the present, it has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture. 第二单元 二、英译汉 人们普遍认为，威廉?莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的戏剧家。他的剧本被译成多种语言，并且比其他任何剧作家的作品都上演得多。莎士比亚的早期作品大多是喜剧和历史剧。即使在今天，这些作品仍是同类作品中的杰作，享有绝佳声望。后来莎士比亚的创作主要是悲剧，其中一些作品，如《哈姆雷特》和《李尔王》，为其在整个西方文学界赢得了声誉。莎士比亚最显着的特点是其精彩的语言运用及具有普遍意义的主题。他创造了数千个英语词汇，其中许多已经深植于英语中。他的作品主题具有普遍意义，所以能够数代流传，激发世界各地读者和观众的想象力。数世纪以来，莎士比亚影响和激励了许多作家。其作品至今依旧广受欢迎，在世界各地的文化中被不断地研究、上演和诠释。莎士比亚将继续对未来的剧作家、小说家、诗人、演员和学者产生巨大影响。 二、汉译英
研究生英语综合教程UNIT4课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)
UNIT4 1. Think for a moment about your own life — the activities of your day, the possessions you enjoy, the surroundings in which you live. Is there anything you don’t have at this moment that you would like to have? Anything that you have, but that you would like more of? If your answer is “no,” then congratulations — either you are well advanced on the path of Zen self-denial, or else you are a close relative of Ted Turner . The rest of us, however, would benefit from an increase in our material standard of living. This simple truth is at the very core of economics. It can be restated this way: we all face the problem of scarcity. 2 Almost everything in your daily life is scarce. You would benefit from a larger room or apartment, so you have a scarcity of space. You have only two pairs of shoes and could use a third for hiking; you have a scarcity of shoes. You would love to take a trip to Chicago, but it is difficult for you to find the time or the money to go — trips to Chicago are scarce. 3 Because of scarcity, each of us is forced to make choices. We must allocate our scarce time to different activities: work, play, education, sleep, shopping, and more. We must allocate our scarce spending power among different goods and services: food, furniture, movies, long-distance phone calls, and many others. 4 Economists study the choices we make as individuals and how those choices shape our economy. For example, the goods that each of us decides to buy ultimately determine which goods business firms will produce. This, in turn, explains which firms and industries will hire new workers and which will lay them off. 5. Economists also study the more subtle and indirect effects of individual choice on our society. Will most Americans continue to live in houses, or — like Europeans will most of us end up in apartments? Will we have an educated and well-informed citizenry? Will museums and libraries be forced to close down? Will traffic congestion in our cities continue to worsen, or is there relief in sight? These questions hinge, in large part, on the separate decisions of millions of people. To answer them requires an understanding of how people make choices under conditions of scarcity. 6. Think for a moment about the goals of our society. We want a high standard of living for all citizens: clean air, safe streets, and good schools. What is holding us back from accomplishing all of these goals in a way that would satisfy everyone? You probably already know the answer: scarcity. 1. 想一想你的生活：你每天从事的活动，你所拥有的财产，你所居住的环境。此时此刻，你是否希望拥有一些你所没有的东西？对于那些你已经拥有的，你是否希望拥有更多？如果你的答案是否定的，那么恭喜你：你要么早已看破红尘，要么就是腰缠万贯。然而，我们大多数人的答案却是肯定的，我们都希望拥有更多，从而进一步提高物质生活水平。这一简单的真理就是经济学的核心。我们或许可以重新表述这个问题：我们都面临稀缺。 2 几乎日常生活中的一切都是稀缺不足的。比如说你希望你的房间或公寓能再大点儿，那么对你而言，居住空间就是稀缺的；比如说你只有两双鞋，你还想拥有一双适于徒步旅行，那么鞋子对你来说就是稀缺的；再比如说你很想去趟芝加哥，可是你既没有余钱也没有空闲去，那么芝加哥之行对你而言就是稀缺的。 3 因为稀缺，我们不得不进行选择。我们不得不把稀缺的时间在工作、娱乐休闲、教育、睡眠、购物等不同的活动中进行分配；我们也不得不把稀缺的金钱在食物、家具、电影、长途电话等不同的产品和劳务中进行分配。 4. 经济学家研究社会中个体的选择及这些选择对个体经济状况的影响。例如，个体对产品的选择最终决定了企业生产什么产品，这继而又决定了哪些企业要招工，哪些企业要裁员。 5 经济学家也研究个体的选择对社会所产生的细微的间接的影响。多数美国人的家的归宿是独立的房子还是像欧洲人那样的公寓?国民受教育程度会越来越高吗?博物馆和图书馆以后都得关门歇业吗?城市里的交通堵塞会越来越严重还是会缓解在即呢?这些问题在很大程度上都取决于成千上万个个体的决定。若想回答这些问题必须明白人们如何在稀缺的前提下进行选择。 6.想一想我们社会的目标：全体国民生活水平的提高、清新的空气、良好的治安、好的学校。是什么原因使我们不能实现这所有的目标而使人人都满意呢?你想必已经知道答案了：稀缺。
大学综英第三版第四册课后翻译答案(完整版)
大学综英第三版第四册课后翻译答案(完整版) -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
第二单元 1.玛丽看到一个贼眉鼠眼的男人走进邻居家里。 Mary saw a shifty-eyed man walking into a neighbor’s house. 2.鲍勃总是嘲笑我对服饰的眼光。 Bob always sneers at my taste in clothes. 3.打探别人的秘密是不礼貌的。 It is impolite to pry into other’s secrets. 4.我想克里斯想要抢我的饭碗。 I think Chris is after my job. 5.她看到克里斯给他使的眼色，说话的声音便越来越小了。 She trailed off, silenced by the look Chris gave her. 6.那些树枝干而易断。 The branches were dry and brittle. 7.收音机老是发出噼里啪啦的声响，我们几乎听不清里面说些什么。 The radio cracked so much that we could hardly hear what was said. 8.地面向海倾斜。 The land slopes down to the sea. 9.他的口袋里鼓鼓囊囊的塞满了钞票。 His pockets were bulging with money. 10.我不得不和出租车司机就车费讨价还价。 I had to haggle with the taxi driver over the fare. 第三单元 1.这样的好机会千载难逢。 An opportunity as good as this arises/occurs only once in a blue moon. 2.这个孩子因为私自拿了母亲包里的钱而觉得十分愧疚。 The boy felt guilty for taking money from his mother’s handbag without permission. 3.她知道他的话一句真的也没有。 She did not give credence to a single word of his story. 4.一般来说，老师对学生的错误都比较宽容。 Generally speaking, teachers are tolerant of their students’ mistakes. 5.我想当然地以为你会跟我们一起来，于是就给你买了票。 I took it for granted that you’d want to come with us, so I bought you a ticket. 6.由于经理的不断劝导，工作人员很快就改掉了迟到的坏习惯。 Thanks to the manager’s repeated counseling, the staff soon broke the bad habit of coming late to work. 7.他现在对她发火，但不久会原谅她的。这只是几小时的事，仅此而已。 He’s furious with her now, but he’ll forgive her soon. It’s just/only a matter of a few hours, that’s all.第四单元 第一部分 1.只有通过调查我们才有发言权。 Only after investigation can we have the right to speak. 2.我们绝不应当盲从。 On no account should we follow others blindly. 3.他绝不是担任这项工作的最佳人选。 By no means is he the best person for the job.