冶金专业英语试题[1]

2004年下学期中南大学考试试卷

课程名称：专业英语专业：冶金工程级

班级：2001级7班学号：姓名：

一.词汇(30×1分)

A.请写出英语词汇的中文意思

fluidized-bed roasting , crude zinc , soda ash

eutectic structure , gangue minerals , metal value

pyrite , pulp density , acid curing ,autoclave

bauxite , electrochemical equivalent , unit activity

fused salt electrolyte , sodium cyanide

B.请写出词汇的英语表达

复合材料 , 提取冶金 , 鼓风炉

硫酸 , 优势区域图 , 王水

均相成核 , 贵金属 , 阳极泥

堆浸 , 电极电位 , 电流效率

浓差极化 , 活化能 , 槽电压

二.翻译(40分)

1. Material science refers to that branch of applied science concerned with investigating the relationship existing between the structure of materials and there properties, and it concern with the interdisciplinary study of materials for entirely practical purpose. （3分）

2. Process metallurgy is continually challenged by the demand for metals, which have not been produced previously or are difficult to produce; by the depletion of the deposits of the richer and more easily processed ores of the traditional metals; and by the need for metals of greater purity and high quality. （3分）

3. The advantages of high temperature for metallurgical processing are several: chemical reaction rates are rapid, reaction equilibrium change so that processes impossible at low temperature become spontaneous at higher temperature, and production of the metal as liquid or a gas facilitates physical separation of metal from residue. （4分）

4. The advantages of hydrometallurgy are applicability to low-grade ores (copper, uranium, gold, silver), amenability to the treatment of materials of quite compositions and concentrations, adaptability to separation of highly similar materials (hafnium from zirconium), flexibility in term of the scale of operations, simplified materials handling as compared with pyrometallurgy, and good operational and environmental control. （4分）

5. Calcination involves the chemical decomposition of the mineral an its achieved by heating to above the mineral’s decomposition temperature or by reducing the partial pressure of the gaseous product below that of its equilibrium partial pressure for a certain constant temperature. （3分）

6. Nickel-copper-iron mattes are produced from nickel ores and are converted into copper-nickel mattes during nickel extraction, i.e. FeS is blown out, Cu2S and Ni3S2 form an eutectic which can be produced coarse enough for the constituents to be separated by flotation after crushing. （3分）

7. To allow these functions to be adequately fulfilled, slags must possess the following properties: they must be sufficiently fluid to allow easy separation from the metal and to increase the rate of mass transfer to and from the slag/metal interface. （3分）

8. Metallothermic reductions are normally exothermic, the strong the reducing agent, the more exothermic the reaction. Certain of these reactions may be achieved without any initial heat supply. （3分）

9. If a leaching process is diffusion-controlled, then it will be greatly influenced by the speed of agitation. On the other hand, if it is chemically controlled, then it will not be influenced by agitation, provided that enough agitation is done to prevent the solids from settling. （3分）

10.The fundamental definition of electrolysis is the decomposition of a liquid (aqueous or molten) ionic compound by the passage of an electric current. The cathode is the electrode at which electrons are consumed and the anode is the electrode at which electrons are produced. In this respect the electrolytic cell is exactly the same as the electrochemical (corrosion) cell but the electrode polarities are reversed. （4分）

11. Although current efficiency is usually taken as a measure of the efficiency of cathodic deposition, it is also possible to define anodic current efficiency. For the situation where a metal anode dissolves chemically in the electrolyte, the weight loss of the anode is greater than theoretically predicted and a current efficiency of greater than 100% is achieved, which can never be the case at the cathode. （4分）

12. Electrolytic decomposition of acidified water has been shown to take place at a theoretical applied voltage of 1.23V. However, polarization and, to a lesser extent, resistive effects contribute a further 0.5V to this figure in practice. （3分）

三.请认真阅读下面文章,然后写出至少200字的英文摘要(30分)

有色金属资源循环

１．资源循环利用概念

经济学家在研究２１世纪世界经济发展时提出了许多新的经济模型。循环经济(Circular Economy)是目前在许多文章中出现的新概念。循环经济是对物质闭环流动型(Closing Materials Cycle)经济的简称。循环经济是按照自然生态系统物质循环和能量流动规律重构经济系统，使得经济系统和谐地纳入到自然生态系统的物质循环过程中，建立起一种新的经济形态。曲格平先生把传统经济与循环经济进行了比较：传统经济是由“资源－产品－污染排放”所构成的物质单向流动的经济。在这种经济中，人们以越来越高的强度把地球上的物质和能源开采出来，在生产加工和消费过程中又把污染和废物大量排放到环境中去。循环经济是一个“资源－产品－再生资源”的物质反复循环利用经济系统，使得从整个经济系统以及生产和消费的过程中基本上不产生或者只产生很少的废弃物，从而根本上消解长期以来环境与发展之间的尖锐冲突。循环经济的建立是个庞大的系统工程，它涉及到从企业到社会结构的变化，人们消费观念的变化，法规制度的变化，国民经济核算体系的变化和与之相适应的科学技术的进步。

资源循环(Resource Recycling)是指人类在利用自然资源的过程中或之后产生的产物，可以而且应该作为资源加以利用。正如自然界存在许许多多大大小小的循环一样，资源循环是维持整个生态平衡的重要基础之一。如果这一平衡遭到破坏并长期不加以恢复，其结果是人类本身遭受灾难。资源循环利用是把全社会已经使用过的物品、边角料、废弃物作为一种资源，经过技术处理重新服务于人类。基于对资源循环这一规律的认识，人们有意识地去遵循这一规律，有意识地不去破坏这一平衡。循环经济是一种与自然和谐共处的经济模型，它是经济学家研究的范畴。资源循环是建立在质量守恒定律基础之上的一条规律。只有遵从这一规律，才能维护生态平衡。人们应该学会认识它。资源循环利用是遵循资源循环这一规律将目前认为是废弃的产物作为一种资源加以利用，虽然我们不可能将这些产物全部作为资源，但随着科技进步，越来越多的产物将被利用，从而大大减少自然资源的消耗。因此，可以认为，资源循环利用是循环经济的重要组成部分。作为从事资源综合利用的科技人员，我们的任务是提高对资源循环这一规律的认识，研究如何将目前认为是废弃的产物作为一种资源，重新进入资源循环。在这一领域，有许多需要研究的课题，有许多新的观念，需要不同学科的通力合作。

２．资源循环利用对有色金属工业发展的影响

概括起来，资源循环利用的优势体现在：(1)资源循环可以弥补资源不足；(2)资源循环可以改善环境；(3)资源循环可以节能；(4)资源循环可以使生产更安全；(5)资源循环可以使

投资和生产成本下降；(6)资源循环可以安排大量人员就业有色金属资源循环需要收集、拆卸、分类和加工。在整个生产的前半段是劳动密集型，需要很多工人。

即使在技术非常先进的发达国家，拆卸和分类的工作也是由熟练工人手工完成的。对中国来说，这正好可以安排大量人员就业，对社会稳定有利。

资源循环对中国有色金属工业的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。但要使资源循环所生产的金属在总产量中占有较大的比例，需要做很多工作，最终应建成一个资源循环型社会。３．加快有色金属资源循环措施

一个向自然界索取资源最少，环境污染最轻的有色金属可持续发展的资源循环型社会是我们为之奋斗的目标。但是，实现这样的循环是一个系统工程，它决不仅仅是科学家、工程师和学者力所能及的。以下几点是建立资源循环型社会的必要条件。

(1)政府部门高度重视。从计划经济到市场经济，政府的功能有很大的转变。许多不该管的事，如今政府不管了。但恰恰像资源、环境这样的关系全社会的大事，政府应该管起来。任何一个企业或部门，不可能建成资源循环型社会。政府要统筹安排，制订规划、计划、制订法律，增加投入，责成专门机构负责该项工作。

(2)制订并实施一系列加快建立资源循环型社会的法律。一些发达国家针对资源循环建立了许多严格的法律。如日本在2001-2002年内，先后制订并生效了诸如“废物管理和公共清洁法”，“容器和包装循环利用法”，“家用电器循环利用法”等。

(3)增加研究与开发经费。政府有关部门应制定专项科研计划。必须研究适合各种＂废物＂的工艺技术。国际上通行的方法是政府对资源循环的研发予以有力支持，我国应该效仿一些先进国家的做法。

(4)教育是建立资源循环型社会的基础。必须从小学生的教育开始，不断强化社会对资源循环的认识。只有全社会认识到资源循环是关乎每个人的事情，使社会成员有一种责任感，再加上法律的约束，才有可能建成资源循环型社会。人类社会的发展，特别是近代工业化进程的加快，自然资源大量消耗，环境污染严重，能源短缺。使人们思考传统的发展模式已经无法继续下去了。有色金属工业是建立在资源和能源的基础之上，而现代社会的进步，又不允许生态环境继续恶化。只有建立一个人类与自然和谐共处的资源循环型社会，才有可能持续向前发展。当然，在今后相当长的时间里，中国有色金属主要仍然来自矿石加工，资源循环利用还不可能取代矿石加工的位置。因此，加强地质工作，扩大有色金属资源，提高采、选、冶及加工过程中资源的综合利用率，采用清洁工艺和加大三废的治理力度都是十分重要的。但所有这一切，都不可能取代资源循环利用在有色金属工业可持续发展中的作用。

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大一英语期末考试试题精选又到一个学期的期末了，大家复习好大学英语了吗?为大家精心挑选了一份大学英语第一学期期末试卷，供大家复习使用，希望能够帮助到大家! 大学一年级英语试卷 Part II Reading Comprehension (30 %) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center. Passage One Science is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. The scientific method , as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time and patience. It’s the result of course, that makes the best news—not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After an experiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist’s colleagues, w ho review the work. Einstein was right when he said: “No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong.”

英语试题1

P29 1. He invited all of his ( C) to join his wedding party. A. comrade-in-arms https://www.360docs.net/doc/5311485993.html,rades-in-arms https://www.360docs.net/doc/5311485993.html,rades-in-arm https://www.360docs.net/doc/5311485993.html,rade-in-arm 2. All the ( A) in the hospital got a rise last month. A. women doctors B. women doctor C.woman doctors D. woman doctor 3. After ten years, all these youngsters became ( D) A. growns-ups B. grown-up C. growns-up D. grown-ups 4. Several ( C ) helped hin escape from the fire. A. passer-by B. passer-bys C. passers-by D.passers-bys 5. The Nazi kept those ( C) in their concentration camp. A. prisoner-of-wars B. prisoners-of-wars C. prisoners-of-war D. prisoner-of-war 6. The manager greatly appreciated that ( B) made by Linda lately. A. new reel B. news reel C. new-reels D. news-reels 7. Mary’s dress is similar in appearance to her ( B) A. elder sister B. elder sister’s C. elder sisters D.elder sisters dress 8. All the people at the conference are ( B) A. mathematic teachers B. mathematics teachers C. mathematics teacher D. mathematic’s teachers 9. Professor Mackay told us that ( B) A. some property B. some properties C. properties D.property 10. Physics ( B) A. deal B. deals C. dealing D. are P47 1. We’ve already worked for ( C) hour. A. the B. a C. an D. / 2. His son always gets up late in ( D) A. any morning B.a morning C.morning D. the morning 3. That desk is made for ( A) A. wood B. a wood C. some woods D.the wood 4. John is ( C) university student. A. some B. any C. a D. an 5. ( B) moon moves around ( B) earth. A. The; an B. The; the C. A; an D. The; a 6. ( B) People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. A. / B. The C. A D. An 7. This is ( B) only example I can give you. A. a B. the C. an D. / 8. ( D) is needed for ( D) production of iron and steel. A. The coal; a B. The coal; the C. Coal; a D. Coal; the

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【连题】The Right Amount of Energy We all enjoy being around people with energy. They inspire us. They are stimulatin g, fun, and uplifting. An energetic person has passion in his voice, a bounce in his step, and a smile on his face. Energy makes a person likable, and likability is a key ingredient in persuasive communications. Many business professionals underesti mate the energy level required to generate enthusiasm among their listeners. But e lectrifying speakers bring it. They have an energy that is several levels higher than the people they are attempting to influence. Most business professionals could use an energy boost for public speaking situati ons such as Webinars, podcasts, staff meetings, conference calls, and television an d radio interviews. Each of these opportunities requires a higher level of energy th an would normally be appropriate if you were just chatting to someone in the hallw ay. But how do you project the right level of vigor without seeming over the top? By weighing yourself on an energy scale. And on this scale, more is better. The Energy Scale Recently I helped an executive prepare for his first major presentation in his new role. "Tell me where your energy is right now on a scale of one to ten," I asked. "On e being fast asleep and ten being Jim Cramer on Mad Money. You know, the guy who's yelling and gesturing wildly on his CNBC show. Where are you now?" "A three," the speaker replied. "OK, what would it feel like to be a seven, eight or nine? Give it a try," I sugges ted. If they're being honest, most presenters place themselves at a three to six on th e energy scale. That means there is plenty of room to boost your energy while not appearing too zany. But keep in mind, once you hit a ten or higher, you could be the next YouTube (GOOG) hit--which is not necessarily your top objective! Here a re several surefire strategies to boost your energy presence. 1. Practice leaving your comfort zone. Record several minutes of your presentation as you would normally deliver it: Pla y it back, preferably with someone else watching and listening as well. Ask yoursel f and the observer, where am I on the energy scale? Now try it again. This time,b reak out of your comfort zone. Ham it up. Raise your voice. Use big gestures. Put

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