华南农业大学新视野大学英语第三版第二册复习资料讲课教案

华南农业大学新视野大学英语第三版第二册复习资料

一、视听说教程

Unit 1 Life is a learning curve

1、Long conversation

M: Miranda, let's speak about your performance in class. You're not participating; you're careless with your assignments and often hand them in late. You don't want to be here, do you?

W: I'm sorry Dr. Smith. It's just ... I've got lots of things to do.

I'm studying Web design and I'm a first-class player on our golf team. It's hard to see why I need to take a Spanish language

class!

M: Well, I'm sorry you feel that way, but learning another language can improve your performance in all of your efforts. And it can be very useful sometimes, for instance, when you visit your

father in Mexico.

W: Gosh! What do you mean, professor? Just because my father does business in Mexico I'm supposed to learn Spanish — on top of

everything else I have to learn? It's just too much! And if I

don't spend enough time on the golf course, I won't remain a

first-class player on the golf team. I still don't see why I

should learn a language that's so hard for me. There are no verb tenses on the golf course or in Web design!

M: Listen Miranda, I've known your father since we were students at university 20 years ago — and have known you since you were a little girl. Of course, there are no verb tenses in golf or Web design. But I am giving you good advice. Please listen.

W: Yes, of course, you're like my favorite uncle.

M: Your brain isn't like a cup that has water flowing over its edge when it is full. Instead, it's like a muscle. Learning Spanish exercises your brain in new ways, making it stronger. It will

strengthen your critical thinking skills and creativity.

W: Really?! Then I guess I can give it a try.

Question：

1、How is the woman doing in the man's class?

2、What does the woman think of learning Spanish?

3、What do we know from this conversation about the man?

4、What is the woman most likely to do after talking with the man?

2、passage 2

Have you ever heard of homeschooling? It is a legal choice for parents in most countries to provide their children with a learning environment as an alternative to public or private schools outside the home. Parents cite numerous reasons for homeschooling their

children. The three reasons that are selected by the majority of parents in the United States are the concern about the traditional school environment, the lack of religious or moral instruction, and the dissatisfaction with the academic instruction at public and

private schools. Homeschooling may also be a factor in the choice

of parenting style. Homeschooling can be a choice for families living in isolated countryside or living briefly abroad. Also many young athletes and actors are taught at home.

Homeschoolers often take advantage of educational opportunities

at museums, libraries, community centers, athletic clubs, after-

school programs, churches, parks, and other community resources. Secondary school level students may take classes at community colleges, which typically have open admission policies.

Groups of homeschooling families often join up together to create homeschool co-ops. These groups typically meet once a week and

provide a classroom environment. These are family-centered support groups whose members seek to pool their talents and resources in a collective effort to broaden the scope of their children's education. They provide a classroom environment where students can do hands-on and group learning such as performing, science experiments, art projects, foreign language study, spelling contests, discussions, etc. Parents whose children take the classes serve as volunteers to keep costs low and make the program a success.

Unit 3 Time Out

1、Long conversation

W: Hello?

M: Hi Amy, it's Ryan. I'm calling because I want to invite you and your sister Ashley to a dinner party this Saturday. My roommate

Erick and I are hosting a 1960s theme party with a few other

friends.

W: A theme party? Is that like a dress-up party?

M: Sort of ... You're certainly encouraged to dress in 1960s fashions!

Short skirts, bright colors, and bell-bottom jeans! Or go to the beginning of the 1960s and come as one of your favorite

actresses ... But it's not just cool clothes; we'll have food,

games, and entertainment inspired by the 1960s. In fact, we'll

start our meal with alien noodles in honor of all those space and alien TV shows.

W: Wait! Wait! What are "alien noodles"? Why not have regular noodles in honor of the movie The Godfather?

M: No way! The Godfather is from the 1970s. Anyway, alien noodles are bright green noodles with purple sauce!

W: What?! That's crazy!

M: Yeah! Anyway, there'll be lots of other things. I don't want to spoil the surprises. But just for you, we'll end with light

desserts and coffee from one of your favorite 1960s movies.

W: I can't wait! Ooooooh, I have an idea. We can have a special bar and make fancy mixed drinks. They're always drinking in old TV

shows!

M: Perfect! And start reviewing 1960s music! We're having a dance contest and a singing contest.

W: This sounds like a lot of fun. Can I invite my roommate? She loves all of the classic movies from that time!

M: Of course — the more, the merrier! Anyway, it starts at 7:00 p.m.

— my apartment.

Questions：

1、What do we know about those people who are invited to the party?

2、What is particular about alien noodles?

3、Why won't they have regular noodles at the party?

4、What other arrangements do they have for the party?

2、passage 2

Rock climbing is an activity in which participants climb up, down or across natural rock formations or artificial rock walls. The goal of rock climbing is to reach the top of a formation or the endpoint

of a predefined route without falling. Rock climbing competitions have objectives of completing the route in the quickest possible time or reaching the farthest point along an ever increasingly harder route. While not an Olympic event, rock climbing is recognized by the International Olympic Committee as a sport.

Rock climbing has been separated into several different styles and subdisciplines. At its most basic, rock climbing involves

climbing a route with one's own hands and feet and little more than a cushioned bouldering pad for protection. This style of climbing is referred to as bouldering, since the relevant routes are usually found on boulders no more than 10 to 15 feet tall. As routes get higher off the ground, the increased risk of life-threatening

injuries makes additional safety measures necessary. Climbers will usually work in pairs and use a system of ropes and anchors designed to catch fallers.

Rock climbing is a physically and mentally demanding sport that tests a climber's strength, endurance, and balance along with their mental control. It can be a dangerous sport and climbers are putting themselves at risk when they go climbing. However, the risk can be reduced by having the knowledge of proper climbing techniques and using specialized climbing equipment.

Unit 5 Urban pulse

1、Long conversation

M: Hi Emily! Something troubling you?

W: Not sleeping well. My husband's got a new job in Santa Fe, New Mexico! I'm a girl born and raised in big cities. I'm a little

worried ...

M: What about?

W: Well, my hometown has about 4.5 million people! You know how many people live in Santa Fe?

M: Not exactly, but, listen!

W: Well, I looked up the population and it's like 70,000! Tiny! It really is a great job for John — my husband, but in a small town!

I'm sure there will be no good restaurants, or nice places to

walk, no nightlife ...

M: Whoa! Wait a minute Emily! Did you do anything besides looking at the population of Santa Fe?

W: Uh, no ...

M: You're jumping to conclusions — and they're all wrong! I'm from Santa Fe! It does have a small population —but it's an amazing

place! The history and architecture is unique. The city center

was built in the 1600s by the Spanish. It's full of beautiful

shops, restaurants, coffee shops, and art galleries. It has

amazing nightlife — full of wonderful people. That's why famous writers and movie stars love Santa Fe, too!

W: Wow, sounds great ... What about outdoor life?

M: It's wonderful! The colors of the sky and mountains are so beautiful that artists come from around the world to paint! And

the sky at night is so full of stars that you feel like you can

reach out and touch them. It's a magical place, Emily. Soon

you'll realize how lucky you are. You'll have a long line of

family and friends waiting to come and visit you in Santa Fe! Question：

1、What is Emily going to do?

2、What did Emily think life in Santa Fe would be like?

3、What is unique in Santa Fe according to the man?

4、What attracts artists around the world to Santa Fe?

2、passage 2

Around the world smart cities are being built while those we have lived in for centuries are being upgraded for the future. A smart

city may mean one that uses data on traffic to ease congestion or one that aims to join up services to provide better information for citizens. For many it is about making cities greener and more efficient. It is partly a reaction to overcrowding and pollution and partly because in an ever-connected world it makes increasing sense

to hook entire cities up to the network.

Masdar is a city that stands in the middle of the desert of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. It is designed to be one of the most sustainable cities on the planet. With a solar power station at its heart and wind farms providing energy for it, it aims to be carbon free. Everything in the city, from water to rubbish, is measured and monitored, becoming a source of information. The city is built on a raised platform to allow its “digital plumbers” easy access to the system of advanced technologies that run it. It is pedestrian-friendly and entirely car free. The city is experimenting with a network of electric driverless podcars. The PRT — personal rapid transit — will run six meters under street level across the city. The buildings in the city have been designed by Norman

Foster’s architecture firm, which designed a number of eye-catching buildings including The City Hall in London.

It is hoped that 40,000 people will eventually live in the city, with up to 50,000 commuting there each day.

Unit 7 Time of technology：A blessing or a curse？

1、Long conversation

M: Oh! Another call from my grandmother!

W: What's wrong? I love talking to my grandmother! She's an artist and tells really funny stories!

M: Oh, I love talking to my grandmother, too, usually! She just moved from New York City down here to Washington D.C. And I'm happy to have her here in Washington D.C. I love my grandmother! She's a wonderful person. My problem is I spent six hours on Saturday and five hours on Sunday at her apartment trying to teach her how to use her new electronic gadgets. I set up her telephone, Internet, TV, and DVD player. But she refuses to try and learn and she gets really confused. She just has no idea how to make any of them

work.

W: Oh, I see. My Aunt Patricia was the same. She didn't really want to learn — so it took six lessons plus nine phone calls to learn basic email! — how to open and close an email, how to attach a document!

M: Yes, my grandmother is like that, too. She refuses to learn. My grandfather always took care of all the electronic items – and since he passed away two years ago, she has to handle them by

herself.

W: OK, I have an idea! You need to get her liking electronic gadgets.

Why not get her one of those video games made for families and

kids. I bought my grandfather a Wii. He loves it. I got it all

set up. The games are easy and fun! These days, he spends hours playing Wii golf.

M: My grandmother used to love tennis. Wii tennis. Um ... Great idea!

Question：

1、What did the man do for his grandmother?

2、What problem does the man's grandmother have?

3、What do the man's grandmother and the woman's aunt have in

common?

4、What will the man do to help his grandmother?

2、passage 2

The New York Police Department (NYPD) announced it will form a new unit to search social media as part of the combined efforts against criminals. This is an official response to criminals' growing use of some websites to plan and celebrate illegal achievements.

A Police Chief, Kevin O'Connor, is in charge of an NYPD unit created specifically to comb social media sites like Facebook,

Twitter and BlackBerry Messenger for information on planned crimes and their offenders.

The efforts against criminals have linked social media to increasing incidents of robberies in the United States and the recent rioting in London. Public safety agencies are consequently looking to step up their efforts in order to better protect citizens against these trends.

In the London riots in particular, the police suspect the rioters relied heavily on BlackBerry Messenger to coordinate and plan their riots. Police there are working with BlackBerry Messenger to identify those messages that are linked to burning and robbing London

stores.

BlackBerry Messenger and other smartphone messaging services make it hard for the police to anticipate criminal activity, especially if they aren't as familiar with the technology as the offenders are. The NYPD unit intends to educate officers about such technology to remedy this defect.

For social media providers and smartphone makers, the criminals' preference for their products is putting them in the sticky position

of determining how to assist police efforts without betraying lawful customers' privacy.

二、读写教程

（一）课文翻译（英译中）

Unit 2 College-The ladder to success

The humanities: Out of date?

人文学科：过时了吗？

When the going gets tough, the tough take accounting. When the job market worsens, many students calculate they can't major in English or history. They have to study something that boosts their prospects of landing a job.

当形势变得困难时，强者会去选学会计。当就业市场恶化时，许多学生估算着他们不能再主修英语或历史。他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西。

The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the ever-rising cost of tuition, they have defected from the study of the humanities and toward applied science and "hard" skills that they bet will lead to employment. In other words, a college education is more and more seen as a means for economic betterment rather than a means for human betterment. This is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate.

数据显示，随着学生肩负的学费不断增加，他们已从学习人文学科转向他们相信有益于将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。换言之，大学教育越来越被看成是改善经济而不是提升人类自身的手段。这种趋势可能会持续，甚至有加快之势。

Over the next few years, as labor markets struggle, the humanities will probably continue their long slide in succession. There already has been a nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of liberal arts majors over the past generation, and it is logical to think that the trend is bound to continue or even accelerate. Once the dominant pillars of university life, the humanities now play little roles when students take their college tours. These days, labs are more vivid and compelling than libraries.

在未来几年内，由于劳动力市场的不景气，人文学科可能会继续其长期低迷的态势。在上一代大学生中，主修文科的学生数跌幅已近50%。这种趋势会持续、甚至加速的想法是合情合理的。人文学科曾是大学生活的重要支柱，而今在学生们的大学游中却只是一个小点缀。现在，实验室要比图书馆更栩栩如生、受人青睐。

Here, please allow me to stand up for and promote the true value that the humanities add to people's lives. Since ancient times, people have speculated about the mystery of those inner forces that drive some people to greatness and others to self-destruction. This inner drive has been called many things over the centuries. The famous psychologist, Sigmund Freud, called it the "unconscious mind" or, more familiarly, "instinct".

在这儿，请允许我为人文学科给人们的生活所增添的真实价值进行支持和宣传。自古以来，人们一直在思索人类自身具有什么神奇的内力使一些人变得崇高伟大，而使另一些人走向自我毁灭。几个世纪以来，这股内力被称作很多东西。著名的心理学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德称之为“潜意识”，或更为人熟知的“本能”。

From the beginning of time, this inner aspect of our being, this drive that can be constructive or destructive, has captured our imagination. The stories of this amazing struggle have formed the basis of cultures the world over. Historians, architects, authors, philosophers and artists have captured the words, images and meanings of this inner struggle in the form of story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture, landscape and traditions. These men and women developed artistic "languages" that help us understand these aspirations and also educate generations. This fertile body of work from ancient times, the very foundation of civilization, forms the basis of study of the humanities.

从一开始，人类这股可以是建设性也可以是毁灭性的内在驱动力，就令我们心驰神往。这些惊人的、充满内心挣扎的故事形成了世界文化的基础。历史学家、建筑师、作家、哲学家和艺术家们以故事、音乐、神话、绘画、建筑、雕刻、风景画和传统的形式，捕捉到了这些撞击心灵的文字、形象及内涵。这些男男女女创造出了具有艺术性的“语言”，帮助我们了解人类的这些强烈愿望，并用以教育一代又一代人。从古时起开始的这些充满想象的大量作品，正是文明的底蕴，它奠定了人文研究的基础。

Studying the humanities improves our ability to read and write. No matter what we do in life, we will have a huge advantage if we can read complex ideas and understand their meaning. We will have a bright career if we are the person in the office who can write a clear and elegant analysis of those ideas!

学习人文学科会提高我们的阅读和写作能力。无论我们这一生中从事什么职业，如果我们能读懂复杂的思想并理解它们的内涵，我们都会受益匪浅。如果我们是在办公室里能对这些思想写出既明确又简洁的分析的人，我们会有光明的职业前景。

Studying the humanities makes us familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process. In an information economy, many people have the ability to produce a useful product such as a new MP3 player. Yet, very few people have the ability to create a spectacular brand: the iPod. Most importantly, studying the

humanities invests us with great insight and self-awareness, thereby releasing our creative energy and talent in a positive and constructive manner.

学习人文学科会让我们熟悉表达情感的语言及进行创造的过程。在信息经济中，很多人都有能力创造出一个如新的MP3播放器那样的有用产品。然而，仅有很少的人具有能力创造出一个如iPod那样的精彩品牌。最重要的是，学习人文学科使我们具有伟大的洞察力和自我意识，从而以积极和建设性的方式来发挥我们的创造力和才艺。

Perhaps the best argument in favor of the humanities is the scope of possibilities that are widely open to us. Did you know that James Cameron, world-famous director of the movie, Titanic, graduated with a degree in the humanities? So did Sally Ride, the first woman in space. So did actors Bruce Lee, Gwyneth Paltrow, Renee Zellweger and Matt Damon. Dr. Harold Varmus, who won a Nobel Prize for Medicine, studied the humanities. Even Michael Eisner, Chairman of the Disney Company, majored in the humanities. Famous people who studied the humanities make a long list indeed. It's easy to see that the humanities can prepare us for many different careers and jobs we can undertake, whether medicine, business, science or entertainment. If we study only mathematics, it's likely we will be a candidate only for jobs as a mathematician. If we include studying the humanities, we can make breakthroughs on many barriers and are limited only by our effort and imagination.

也许，支持人文学科的最好论点是,人文学科为我们提供了广阔的机会。你知道世界闻名的电影《泰坦尼克号》的导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆拿的是人文学科的学位吗？第一个登上太空的女宇航员萨利·赖德拿的也是人文学科的学位。还有电影演员李小龙、格温妮丝·帕特洛、蕾妮·齐薇格及马特·达蒙，也都如此。获诺贝尔医学奖的哈罗德·瓦慕斯博士也学过人文学科。甚至迪士尼公司的总裁迈克尔·艾斯纳也主修人文学科。学习人文学科的有名人士确实可以列出一长串。显而易见，人文学能为我们从事许多不同的职业做准备，不管是医学、商务、科学或娱乐。如果我们仅学习数学，我们很可能只能申请数学家之类的工作。如果我们还学了人文学科，那我们就能突破许多障碍，只要我们愿意付出努力，敢于想象。

Of course, nowadays, if we study the humanities alone, we are liable to miss many opportunities. Each one of us needs to become as technically and professionally skilled as possible to help meet the needs of modern life. In fact, increasingly a pairing of technical knowledge and inner insight is seen as the ideal in the establishment of a career. If I were the Dean of Admissions at a medical school and two people applied to our school, both having the required basic scientific courses, one a philosophy major and the other solely a pre-med student, the philosophy applicant would be chosen.

当然，在当下，如果我们单学人文学科，可能会失去很多机会。我们每个人都

需要尽可能变得技能化、职业化，以满足现代生活的需要。事实上，技术知识

和内在洞察力的结合越来越被看成是建立职业生涯的理想搭配。如果我是某个

医学院的招生部主任，有两个人同时申请我们学校，这两个人都学过基础的科

学课程，一个主修哲学，另一个仅是医学院的预科生，我会选择那位哲学专业

的申请者。

In summary, the humanities help to create well-rounded human beings with insight and understanding of the passions, hopes and dreams common to all humanity. The humanities, the ancient timeless reservoir of knowledge, teach us to see things differently and broaden our horizons. They are as useful and relevant in our modern age as they have always been. Doesn't it make sense to spend some

time in the company of the humanities, our outstanding and

remarkable treasure of knowledge? Who knows how famous YOU might become!

总之，人文学科帮助造就全面发展的人，这些人具有洞察力，并理解全人类共

有的激情、希望和理想。人文学科，这个古老、永恒的知识储蓄库，教我们如

何以不同的方式看待事物，同时也拓宽我们的视野。在现代社会中，人文学科

一如既往地同生活息息相关，也发挥着重要作用。我们在学习中花一些时间与

人文学科——我们杰出、非凡的知识宝藏——相伴，这难道不是明智的吗？谁

知道你将来会变得多有名气呢！

Unit 4 Dance with love

College sweethearts

大学情侣

I smile at my two lovely daughters and they seem so much more mature than we, their parents, when we were college sweethearts. Linda, who's 21, had a boyfriend in her freshman year she thought

she would marry, but they're not together anymore. Melissa, who's 19, hasn't had a steady boyfriend yet. My daughters wonder when they

will meet "The One", their great love. They think their father and I had a classic fairy-tale romance heading for marriage from the outset. Perhaps, they're right but it didn't seem so at the time. In a way, love just happens when you least expect it. Who would have thought that Butch and I would end up getting married to each other? He became my boyfriend because of my shallow agenda: I wanted a cute boyfriend!

我微笑着看着我那两个可爱的女儿，她们似乎比她们的父母还是大学情侣那会

儿更为成熟。琳达，21岁，在大学一年级交过一个男友，她曾以为会跟那个男

孩结婚，但他们已不再来往了。梅丽莎，19岁，还没有一个固定的男友。我的

女儿不知何时才能遇到她们的那个“唯一”，她们伟大的爱。她们认为她们的

父亲和我有着一段经典的、童话般的浪漫史，从一开始就直奔婚姻的殿堂。也许，她们是正确的，但在那时似乎并不是那么回事。在某种程度上，爱神恰恰

在你最没准备时来临。谁曾想到，布奇和我最终会结婚呢？他之所以成为我男友，只是因为当时我那肤浅的打算：我要找一个可爱的男友！

We met through my college roommate at the university cafeteria. That fateful night, I was merely curious, but for him I think it was love at first sight. "You have beautiful eyes," he said as he gazed at my face. He kept staring at me all night long. I really wasn't that interested for two reasons. First, he looked like he was a really wild boy, maybe even dangerous. Second, although he was very cute, he seemed a little weird.

我们通过我的大学室友介绍在大学食堂相识。在那个命中注定的夜晚，我只是好奇，但对他而言，我认为是一见钟情。他凝视着我的脸，说：“你有一双美丽的眼睛。”他整个晚上一直盯着我。我真的对他没那么感兴趣，其原因有二。首先，他看起来就像是一个野小子，甚至还有些危险。其次，虽然他很可爱，却似乎有点怪异。

Riding on his bicycle, he'd ride past my dorm as if "by accident" and pretend to be surprised to see me. I liked the attention but was cautious about his wild, dynamic personality. He had a charming way with words which would charm any girl. Fear came over me when I started to fall in love. His exciting "bad boy image" was just too tempting to resist. What was it that attracted me? I always had an excellent reputation. My concentration was solely on my studies to get superior grades. But for what? College is supposed to be a time of great learning and also some fun. I had nearly achieved a great education, and graduation was just one semester away. But I hadn't had any fun; my life was stale with no component of fun! I needed a boyfriend. Not just any boyfriend. He had to be cute. My goal that semester became: Be ambitious and grab the cutest boyfriend I can find.

他骑着自行车经过我的宿舍，装作与我“偶遇”，看到我时还假装惊讶。我喜欢被重视的感觉，但对他的野性和充满活力的个性却小心谨慎。他很会说话，这会迷倒任何女孩。当我开始爱上他时，恐惧向我袭来。他那令人激动的“坏小子形象”简直太诱人了。究竟是什么吸引了我？我，一直口碑极好。为了获得优异的成绩，我的注意力只专注在自己的学习上。但又怎么样呢？大学应该是学习的好时间，可也应该有一些乐趣。我已几乎达成了伟大的教育目标，离毕业只有一学期之遥了。但我却还没有享受过任何乐趣，我的生活乏味，没有一点新鲜感！我需要一个男朋友，当然不是任何男朋友。他必须很可爱。于是我那个学期的目标就成为：雄心勃勃，抓住一个我能找到的最可爱的男友。

I worried what he'd think of me. True, we lived in a time when a dramatic shift in sexual attitudes was taking place, but I was a traditional girl who wasn't ready for the new ways that seemed common on campus. Butch looked superb! I was not immune to his personality, but I was scared. The night when he announced to the world that I was his girlfriend, I went along with him. And then I suddenly thought: "Oh my gosh! Am I his girlfriend? How did that

happen?" Then he whispered sweet words in my ear and said, "I'm going to marry you one day and I will be a lawyer. You will see."

我担心他会怎么看我。不错，我们生活在一个性观念正在发生戏剧性转变的时代，但我是一个传统的女孩，对在校园里似乎常见的新方式还没有心理准备。布奇看上去很出色！我对他的个性毫无免疫力，但我对此很害怕。那天晚上当他向大家宣布我是他女友时，我是同意的。但我随后突然清醒：“噢，我的天哪！我是他女友吗？这是怎么回事？”紧接着，他在我耳边低声地甜言蜜语：“有一天我要娶你，我会成为一名律师。你会看到这一天的。”

I was laughing inside and said to myself, "I'd never marry this guy. He's a rebel without a good future. He's my boyfriend because I hate my boring student life. I just want to have fun."

我笑着对自己说：“我绝不会嫁给这个家伙。他是一个没有前途的叛逆者。他是我男朋友，只因为我恨枯燥的学生生活。我只想得到乐趣而已。”

Sure enough, the following month, I found out he had failed all his courses. Consequently, he was going to be expelled from the university. To my disgust, he seemed resigned to his fate. I knew there was hope, so I led him to the college secretary for reconsideration.

果然，一个月后，我发现他所有的课程都不及格。因而，他将被大学除名。令我厌恶的是，他似乎屈从了自己的命运。我知道还有希望，所以我让他去学院的秘书那儿进行复议。

"You are going to graduate with a BA in political science from UPenn and proceed to the College of Law," I told him, lodging an appeal on his behalf, which was approved. Butch was granted reconsideration. And, once we became steadies, he coordinated his studies and social life, passing all of his classes. He eventually studied law.

我告诉他：“你要先从宾夕法尼亚大学拿到政治学学士学位，然后进入法律学院。”我以他的名义递交了呈请书，结果被批准了。校方同意复议布奇的情况。我们的男女朋友关系一经确定，他就协调了他的学习和社交生活，结果各门课都通过了。他最终学了法律。

Despite Butch's somewhat wild character, at his core, he is always a perfect gentleman and deserves a lot of credit for that. True, he'd sometimes take the liberty of displaying his love by planting a kiss on my lips right in front of my astonished friends who watched and disapproved. But the truth is we had a pure and responsible relationship for seven full years. Sitting by the palm trees, hand in hand, we would listen to romantic songs, watch the sunset, and weave dreams of being together with children of our own, forever.

尽管布奇的性格有点野，但他在骨子里却是一个完美的绅士，这值得高度赞扬。的确，他有时会在我朋友面前亲吻我的嘴，擅自表达他的爱。我的朋友看到了很惊讶，也很不以为然。但事实上，我们在整整七年的恋爱关系中一直是

纯洁和负责的。我们坐在棕榈树下，手牵着手，听着浪漫的歌曲，观赏着日落，编织着和我们自己的孩子在一起的美梦，一直到永远。

Two years passed in a blur. One day, Butch took me by surprise as he knelt down and proposed marriage holding a dozen red roses! Filled with deep emotion, I confessed my love for him, "How roooomaaaantic!!" Then my brain woke up from fantasy land. I cried out, "Good heavens. No! We're too young to tie the knot. We haven't even graduated from college yet!" I really loved him but was pessimistic about our chances for success.

两年糊里糊涂地过去了。一天，布奇出其不意地手捧着一打红玫瑰跪下向我求婚。我心中充满了深情，也坦诚了对他的爱：“太太太太太浪漫了！！”可我随即从幻想中惊醒。我大喊出来：“天哪。不！我们现在结婚还太早了。我们甚至还没有大学毕业呢！”我真的很喜欢他，但我对我们感情修成正果的机率却持悲观态度。

We married five years later.

五年后，我们结了婚。

Our faithful journey of love and learning took us down rocky roads of hardship and on smooth easy-going highways. It is a long, romantic, sometimes crazy, love story that sums up a 29-year long honeymoon together as a couple who are still madly in love with each other. Our love commenced with a casual attraction but bloomed into a mature love and rich life.

我们忠实的爱和学习之旅带我们走过艰难崎岖的岩石路，走上平坦易行的公路。它是一个永久、浪漫，有时又疯狂的爱情故事。它诠释了一对仍在疯狂地爱着对方的夫妇如何一起度过了29年之久的蜜月。我们的爱从漫不经心的互相吸引开始，但最终却发展出成熟的爱情和富足的生活。

Unit 5 The money game

Spend or save — The student's dilemma

花钱还是存钱，学生进退维谷

Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, "Should I spend or should I save?" I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other. The government tells us to spend or we'll never get out of the recession. At the same time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is in grave danger. Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more.

你是不是跟我一样对“我应该花钱还是存钱”这个问题感到困惑，且有被操纵的感觉？我觉得我们从生活的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、互相矛盾的。政府告诉我们要花钱，否则我们将永远走不出衰退；与此同时，他们又告诉我们，除非我们节省更多的钱，否则我们的国家会处于严重危险之中。银行提供较高的利率以增加储蓄。然后，同样是这些银行又提供信用卡让我们可以花更多的钱。

Here's another familiar example: If we don't pay our credit card bill on time, we get demanding, nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like: "Your failure to pay is unacceptable. Pay immediately or you'll be in trouble!" Then, as soon as we pay,

we get a follow-up email in a charming tone telling us how valuable

a customer we are and encouraging us to resume spending. Which depiction is correct: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer? The gap between these two messages is enormous.

这里还有一个大家熟悉的例子：如果我们不按时支付信用卡账单，我们会收到

从信用卡公司发来的类似这样的令人讨厌的催缴账单的电子邮件：不还款是不

可接受的。请立即缴付，否则后果自负！之后，一旦还款，我们就会收到一封

跟进的电子邮件，语气和蔼可亲，说我们是多么宝贵的客户，并鼓励我们继续

花钱。到底哪一个描述是正确的？有麻烦的失败消费者还是宝贵的客户？这两

者之间可是天壤之别！

The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at

odds with each other. One is the "permissive" perspective, "Buy, spend, get it now. You need this!" The other we could call an "upright" message, which urges us, "Work hard and save. Suspend your desires. Avoid luxuries. Control your appetite for more than you

truly need." This message comes to us from many sources: from school, from parents, even from political figures referring to "traditional values". Hard work, family loyalty, and the capacity to postpone desires are core American values that have made our country great.

自相矛盾的情况还有，我们每天都收到彼此相左的两种信息。一种从“纵容”

的角度，让我们“买东西，花钱，现在就得到它。你需要这个！”另外一种，

我们可称之为“正直”的信息，它力劝我们：“努力工作，把钱存起来。控制

你的欲望，不要买奢侈品，不要垂涎那些你并不真正需要的东西。”这类信息

来源甚多，有学校方面的，有家长方面的，甚至还来自提及传统价值观的政治

人物。艰苦创业，忠于家庭、能推迟欲望是美国价值观的核心，它使我们的国

家变得强大。

But the opposite message, advertising's permissive message, is inescapable. Though sometimes disguised, the messages are everywhere we look: on TV, in movies on printed media and road signs, in stores, and on busses, trains and subways. Advertisements invade our daily lives. We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend, spend, spend. Someone recently said, "The only time you can escape advertising is when you're in your bed asleep!"

但相反的信息，即那些纵容人们不断花钱的广告，无所不在。虽然此类信息有

时经过了乔装打扮，但仍随处可见，电视、电影、印刷媒介和路牌、商店，及

公共汽车、火车和地铁上，比比皆是。广告侵入了我们的日常生活。我们时时

被包围在花钱，花钱，花钱的信息中。最近有人说：“唯一可以逃脱广告的时

候是当在床上睡着时！”

It's been calculated that by the age of 18, the average American will have seen 600,000 ads; by the age of 40, the total is almost

one million. Each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our diverse buying decisions, from the breakfast cereal we eat to which cruise line we will use for our vacation. There is no shortage of ideas and things to buy! Now, of course, we don't remember exactly what the products were, but the essential message is cemented into our consciousness, "It's good to satisfy your desires. You should have what you want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it —now!" A famous advertisement said it perfectly, "I love me. I'm a good friend to myself. I do what makes me feel good. I derive pleasure from nice things and feel nourished by them. I used to put things off. Not anymore. Today I'll buy new ski equipment, look at new compact cars, and buy that camera I've always wanted. I live my dreams today, not tomorrow."

据计算，普通的美国人到18岁时，会看过60万则广告；到40岁时，看过的广告总数近百万。每个广告都在尽最大努力影响我们形形色色的购买决定——从我们吃的早餐麦片到我们的假期将使用哪条邮轮线路。决不会缺少怎么花钱和买什么东西的广告！现在，我们当然不能确切地记得广告上的产品，但重要的信息已凝聚在我们的意识里：“要满足你的愿望。你应该拥有你想要的。你应该得到最好的。所以，你应该买下它——现在！”一个著名的广告诠释得很完美：“我爱自己。我是自己的好朋友。我做让我感觉舒服的事。我从精美的东西里得到乐趣，并感觉到它们给我的滋养。我过去常想着等一下再买，现在再也不会了。今天，我会购买全新的滑雪装备，看看新型的小巧灵便的轿车，买下那台我一直想要的相机。我今天就要实现我的梦想，不会等到明天。”

What happens as we take in these contradictory but explicit messages? What are the psychological and social consequences of this campaign to control our spending habits? On one hand, we want more things because we want to satisfy our material appetite. Most of us derive pleasure from treating ourselves. On the other hand, a little voice inside us echoes those upright messages: "Watch out, take stock of your life, don't let your attention get scattered. Postpone your desires. Don't fall into debt. Wait! Retain control over your own life. It will make you stronger."

当我们接受这些相互矛盾但很明确的信息时，会有什么事情发生呢？这种控制我们花钱习惯的宣传活动会造成什么心理和社会上的影响呢？一方面，我们希望买更多的东西，来满足我们的物质欲望。我们中的大多数通过善待自己来得到乐趣。与此同时，我们身体里面有一个微弱的声音与那些正直的信息在共鸣：“当心，要掂量掂量自己的生活，不要让注意力分散。推迟欲望。不要陷入债务。要等待！保留对自己生活的控制权。这会让你更坚强。”

Anyway, many of the skills you need as a successful student can be applied to your finances. Consider your financial well-being as a key ingredient of your university education as money worries are extremely stressful and distracting. They can make you feel terrible and hinder your ability to focus on your prime objective: successfully completing your education.

总之，一个成功的学生所需要的很多技能可以应用到你的财务中去。把良好的财务状况看成是大学教育中的一个关键因素，因为对金钱的担忧会让人倍感压力，并让人分心。它们会让你感觉很糟糕，并阻止你专注首要目标，即成功完成学业。

How can you be a smart and educated consumer? Many schools, community organizations, and even some banks offer financial

literacy classes. Consider consulting with your school's financial aid office or seek input from your parents or other respected adults in setting up a budget. An additional option is finding a partner to help you stay on track and find pleasure in the administration of your own financial affairs. Most importantly, if you find yourself getting into financial trouble, don't let your ego get in your way; urgently get help with tackling your problem before it spins out of control and lands you in legal troubles.

怎样才能成为一个聪明、有相关知识的消费者呢？许多学校、社区组织，甚至一些银行都提供金融扫盲班。可以考虑向学校的财务援助办公室咨询，或向父母或其他值得尊敬的成年人请教如何建立一个预算方案。另外一个选择是找一个合作伙伴来帮你保持良好的财务状况，并在管理自己的金融事务中找到乐趣。最重要的是，如果你发现自己正陷入财务困境，不要让你的自大妨碍你，在情况变得失控并惹上法律麻烦前，赶紧寻求帮助来解决问题。

All this will help you become an educated consumer and saver. As you learn to balance spending and saving, you will become the captain of your own ship, steering your life in a successful and productive direction through the choppy waters.

这一切都将帮助你成为一个拥有相关知识的消费者和储蓄者。学会了如何平衡支出和储蓄，你就会成为你自己的船长，驾驶着你的生活之船，乘风破浪，驶向成功和富有。

Unit 6 Less is more

Door closer, are you?

“关门者”，你是吗？

The next time you're deciding between rival options, one which

is primary and the other which is secondary, ask yourself this question: What would Xiang Yu do?

下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时，不妨问自己这样一个问题：项羽会怎么做？

Xiang Yu was a Chinese imperial general in the third century BC who took his troops across the Zhang River on a raid into enemy territory. To his troops' astonishment, he ordered their cooking pots crushed and their sailing ships burned.

项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。他带领他的部队横渡漳河，突袭进入了敌方的领地。他下令砸锅烧船，令他的部队大为震惊。

He explained that he was imposing on them a necessity for attaining victory over their opponents. What he said was surely

motivating, but it wasn't really appreciated by many of his loyal soldiers as they watched their vessels go up in flames. But the genius of General Xiang Yu's conviction would be validated both on the battlefield and in modern social science research. General Xiang Yu was a rare exception to the norm, a veteran leader who was highly respected for his many conquests and who achieved the summit of success.

他解释道，他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。他所说的无疑十分鼓舞士气，但当他那许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时，他们并不赞成他的做法。不过项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天赋，在战场上和现代社会科学研究中都将得到肯定。项羽将军是一个罕见的不墨守成规的人，他是一位经验丰富的领袖，由于他征战无数并达到了成功的顶峰，他深受尊敬。

He is featured in Dan Ariely's enlightening new

publication, Predictably Irrational, a fascinating investigation of seemingly irrational human behavior, such as the tendency for keeping multiple options open. Most people can't marshal the will

for painful choices, not even students at the Massachusetts

Institute of Technology (MIT), where Dr. Ariely teaches behavioral economics. In an experiment that investigated decision-making, hundreds of students couldn't bear to let their options vanish, even though it was clear they would profit from doing so.

丹·阿雷利极富启迪性的新书《可预见的非理性》对项羽作了专题介绍。这本书对看似非理性的人类行为，譬如人类总想留住多项选择机会的倾向，进行了引人入胜的调查。大多数人都不能整理自己的思路来做痛苦的选择，麻省理工学院上阿雷利博士行为经济学这门课的学生也不例外。在调查作决策的一项实验中，几百名学生都不能忍受眼睁睁看着他们的选择机会消失，即使他们很清楚这样做对他们有利。

The experiment revolved around a game that eliminated the excuses we usually have for refusing to let go. In the real world, we can always say, "It's good to preserve our options." Want a good example? A teenager is exhausted from soccer, ballet, piano, and Chinese lessons, but her parents won't stop any one of them because they might come in handy some day!

实验是围绕着一个游戏展开的，这个游戏排除了我们通常不肯放手的借口。在现实世界里，我们总会说：“保留我们的选择机会是对的。”想要一个好的例子吗？一个十多岁的女孩被足球、芭蕾舞、钢琴、中文课给累得筋疲力尽，但她的父母不会让她停止任何一项活动，理由是它们有一天可能会派上用场！

In the experiment sessions, students played a computer game that provided cash behind three doors appearing on the screen. The rule was the more money you earned, the better player you were, given a total of 100 clicks. Every time the students opened a door by clicking on it, they would use up one click but wouldn't get any

money. However, each subsequent click on that door would earn a fluctuating sum of money, with one door always revealing more money than the others. The important part of the rule was each door switch, though having no cash value, would also use up one of the 100 clicks. Therefore, the winning strategy was to quickly check all the doors and keep clicking on the one with the seemingly highest rewards.

在这个实验里，学生要玩一个电脑游戏:在电脑屏幕上会显示三扇门，每扇门后都会提供一些现金。该游戏的规则是每个人都只能点击100次，你点击获取的

钱越多，你就玩得越好。学生每点击一次打开一扇门，他们会用掉一个点击

数，但却不会得到任何钱。然而，随后接着在那扇门上的每次点击都会挣得数

额不等的钱，三扇门显示的钱总有一扇比另外两扇多。这个游戏规则的重点是

虽然每次换门没有金钱回报，可还是会用掉一次点击数。所以，制胜战略是要

迅速查看所有的门，然后只点击那扇似乎是钱最多的门。

While playing the game, students noticed a modified visual element: Any door left unclicked for a short while would shrink in size and vanish. Since they already understood the game, they should have ignored the vanishing doors. Nevertheless, they hurried to

click on the lesser doors before they vanished, trying to keep them open. As a result, they wasted so many clicks rushing back to the vanishing doors that they lost money in the end. Why were the

students so attached to the lesser doors? They would probably

protest that they were clinging to the doors to keep future options open, but, according to Dr. Ariely, that isn't the true factor.

在玩游戏时，学生们注意到了一个视觉上的变化：如果有片刻没点击某扇门，

那扇门就会慢慢缩小并消失。由于他们已了解了游戏规则，他们本应对要消失

的门不予理睬。然而，在它们消失以前，他们却迫不及待地去点击那些变小的门，试图让它们开启着。结果是，他们在匆忙回去点击那些快消失的门时浪费

了很多点击数以至于最后输了钱。为什么学生对那些变小的门如此依恋呢？他

们可能会争辩说，他们紧抓住这些门是为将来多留一些机会。但是，据阿雷利

博士说，这不是真正的原因。

Instead of the excuse to maintain future options open,

underneath it all the students' desire was to avoid the immediate, though temporary, pain of watching options close. "Closing a door on an option is experienced as a loss, and people are willing to pay a big price to avoid the emotion of loss," Dr. Ariely says. In the experiment, the price was easily measured in lost cash. In life, the corresponding costs are often less obvious such as wasted time or missed opportunities.

在他们为将来多留一些机会的借口背后反映出的是所有的学生都不堪目睹眼前

的选择机会被剥夺，尽管这种痛苦是临时的。阿雷利博士说：“每闭上一扇选

择之门就如同经受了一次损失，人们宁愿付出很大的代价，也要避免情感的失落。”在实验中，损失很容易用丢失的现金来衡量。在生活中，相应的损失就

往往没那么明显，如浪费时间，错过机会。

"Sometimes these doors are closing too slowly for us to see them vanishing," Dr. Ariely writes. "We may work more hours at our jobs without realizing that the childhood of our sons and daughters is slipping away."

“有时候，这些门是慢慢关闭的，我们没有看到它们在悄然消失，”阿雷利博

士写道：“我们可能花很多时间在工作上，却没有意识到我们子女的童年正在

悄悄溜走。”

So, what can be done to restore balance in our lives? One answer, Dr. Ariely says, is to implement more prohibitions on overbooking.

We can work to reduce options on our own, delegating tasks to others and even giving away ideas for others to pursue. He points to marriage as an example, "In marriage, we create a situation where we promise ourselves not to keep options open. We close doors and announce to others we've closed doors."

那么，我们可以做些什么让我们的生活恢复平衡呢？阿雷利博士说，一个办法

是制止更多的超额预约。我们可以自己减少选择，将任务委派给其他人，甚至

放弃一些点子，让其他人去做。他用婚姻作为例子：“在婚姻中，我们承诺不

保留选择机会，我们就创造了获得最佳选择的有利局面。我们关上可选择的

门，并告诉别人我们已作出选择。”

Since conducting the door experiment, Dr. Ariely says he has made a conscious effort to lessen his load. He urges the rest of us

to resign from committees, prune holiday card lists, rethink hobbies and remember the lessons of door closers like Xiang Yu.

阿雷利博士说，自从进行了这个点击门的实验，他已经有意识地努力减轻自己

的负担。他敦促我们辞去委员会的工作，删减送节日贺卡的名单，重新思考兴

趣爱好，并记住像项羽那样的关门者给我们的启示。

In other words, Dr. Ariely is encouraging us to discard those things that seem to have outward merit in favor of those things that actually enrich our lives. We are naturally prejudiced to believe

that more is better, but Dr. Ariely's research provides a dose of reality that strongly suggests otherwise.

换言之，他是鼓励我们放弃那些似乎只有表面价值的东西，而去追求那些能真

正丰富我们生活的东西。我们很自然、很偏执地相信选择越多越好，但阿雷利

博士的研究却强有力地告诉我们事实并非如此。

What price do we pay for trying to have more and more in life? What pleasure and satisfaction can be derived from focusing our energy and attention in a more concentrated fashion? Surely, we will have our respective answers.

我们想在生活中得到越来越多选择的代价是什么？我们能从更集中的精力和注

意力中获得什么样的喜悦和满足？当然，我们每个人都会有自己的答案。

Consider these important questions: Will we have more by always increasing options or will we have more with fewer, carefully chosen options? What doors should we close in order to allow the right windows of opportunity and happiness to open?