非谓语动词doing

非谓语动词

定义

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。他们有着动词的特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语、定语、宾补等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。

Doing

一.动名词：

动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。

动名词的形式：

（1）一般式：

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

（2）被动式：

He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

（3）完成式：

We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。

（4）完成被动式：

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。

（5）否定式：not + 动名词

I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。

（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词

He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.

他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。

动名词的句法功能：

（1）作主语：

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。

（2）作表语：

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。

（3）作宾语：

They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。

注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。

此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语(如no use, no good, useless, worthwhile…)，则常用形式宾语it，例如：

We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

常用句型：Sb believe/think/consider/make/find it + 宾补+ doing Sth

只跟动名词作宾语的动词：

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit，deny, mind, permit, forbid, practice, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

（4）作定语：

He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。

Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？

（5）作同位语：

The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。

His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．

他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。

二.现在分词

现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。

现在分词的形式：同动名词

（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。

Having done his homework, he played basketball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。

（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。

现在分词的句法功能：

（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。

In the following years he worked even harder.

在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

（2）作表语：

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。

The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。

be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。（3）作宾语补足语：

跟现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：

see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。

（4）作状语：

①作时间状语：

(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。

②作原因状语：

Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。

③作方式状语，表示伴随：

He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。

④作条件状语：

(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

⑤作结果状语：

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。

⑥作让步状语：

（Though）raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。

⑦与逻辑主语构成独立主格：

I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．

我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。

All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.

如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。

有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式

With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。

⑧作独立成分：

Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。

Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。

专项练习：

1. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

A. to wind

B. wind

C. winding

D. wind

2. ________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.

A. Standing

B. To stand

C. Stood

D. Stand

3. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.

A. corrects

B. correct

C. to correct

D. correcting

4. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______..

A. recognizing

B. being recognized

C. having recognized

D. having been recognized

5. Tony lent me the money, ______that I’d do as much for him.

A. hoping

B. to hope

C. hoped

D. having hoped

6. He got up late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast untouched.

A. left

B. to leave

C. leaving

D. having left

7. The party will be held in the garden, weather _______ .

A. permitting

B. to permit

C. permitted

D. permit

8. _____ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.

A. Known

B. Having known

C. Knowing

D. Being known

9. The room is empty except for a bookshelf _____ in one corner.

A. standing

B. to stand

C. stands

D. stood

10. ________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.

A. Having eaten

B. To eat

C. Eat

D. Eating

11. This is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.

A. reducing

B. to reduce

C. reduced

D. reduce

12. In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _____ in my study.

A. locking

B. to lock

C. locked

D. being locked

13. ______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.

A. Having been asked

B. To ask

C. Having asked

D. To be asked

14. — What do you think of the book?

— Oh, excellent．It' s worth ____ a second time．

A．to read B．to be read C．reading D．being read 15. On Saturday afternoon, Mr. Green went to the market, ____ some bananas and visited his cousin.

A．bought B．buying C．to buy D．buy

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只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事spend...doing sth. 花费…做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做… imagine sb. doing sth. 想象…做某事 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事错过建议保持介意值得考虑 miss doing sth. 错过做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事介词+doing be good at doing sth擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣insist on doing 坚持做某事 be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事without doing sth. 没有做某事think about doing sth. 考虑做某事What ∕ How about doing 做某事怎么样?

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keep(on)doingsth.保持（继续）做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事介词+doing? begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事beinterestedindoingsth.对做某事感兴趣insistondoing坚持做某事beusedfordoingsth.被用来做某事thanksb.fordoingsth.谢谢某人做某事betiredofdoingsth.厌烦做某事beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事putoffdoing推迟做某事 stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事

thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事 What∕Howaboutdoing做某事怎么样此to?非彼to lookforwardtodoingsth.（盼望）payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）beusedtodoingsth.（习惯于）preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜欢）devotetodoingsth（致力于）makeacontributiontodoing（做贡献）只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 decidetodosth.决定做某事 want∕wouldliketodosth.想做某事

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非谓语动词之动词ing 1．A new law will go into effect on August 1st.According to this law，people found ______“harmful”advertisements in the streets will be punished strictly. A．putting up B．to put up C．being putting up D．having put up 2．Time should be made good use of ______ our lessons well. A．to learn B．learning C．learn D．learnt 3．With trees and grass ______ 39.6%of the urban area，the city of Weifang has taken on a new look. A．covered B．covering C．to be covered D．being covered 4．______ alone in the large house，the little boy had to learn to survive by himself. A．To leave B．Leaving C．Left D．Being left 5．The firm was successfully run and ______，he owed his success to the support of his friends. A．looking back B．looked back C．to look back D．when looked back 6．Taiwan leader Ma Ying-jeou estimated on Friday that more than 500 people had died in floods a nd mudslides ______ by Typhoon Morakot. A．caus ed B．causing C．being caused D．to be caused 7．The scientist was rewarded by the government for ______ such a great contribution to the country. A．make B．making C．being made D．having made 8．Nearly half a million people are believed ______ their homes as a result of the disaster. A．to leave B．to be left C．to be leaving D．to have left 9．—Why are you looking pleased? —Oh，I’ve just had a job______. A．to offer B．offering C．offered D．to be offered 10．After the party，most guests left，with only two of them ______ in the host family，______ him cleaning up. A．remaining；helped B．remaining；helping C．remained；helped D．remained；helpi ng 11．For English teachers ______ a more effective role in teaching，they must make every effort to raise students’ cross-cultural awareness. A．to play B．playing C．having played D．play 12．Something as simple as _____ vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life. A．to eat B．eating C．to be eating D．eaten 13．When I went in，my pet happened ______ on my bed，______TV. A．to be lying；watching B．to have lain；watch C．to lie；and watched D．to be laying；watching 14．Friends are like leaves，______ everywhere，but true friends are like diamonds，precious and rare. A．to find B．finding C．found D．being found 15．_____at my classmates’faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes. A．Looking B．Look C．To look D．Looked 16．The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house. A．rose B．rising C．to rise D．risen 17．Look over there—there’s a very long，winding path ______ up to the house. A．leading B．leads C．led D．to lead 18．Recently a sur vey_____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated deba te among citizens. A．compared B．compari ng C．compares D．being compared 19．Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures，some______ a life span of around 20 years. A．having B．had C．have D．to have 20．Sit down，Emma. You will only make yourself more tired，______ on your feet. A．to keep B．keeping C．hav ing kept D．to have kept 21．Do you wake up every morning ______ energetic and ready to start a new day? A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 22．More highways have been built in China，______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A．making B．made C．to make D．having made 23．On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall，Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. A．says B．said C．saying D．to say 24．Sarah pretended to be cheerful，______ nothing about the argument.

(完整版)非谓语的用法总结

非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2）用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3）不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如： When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致，谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如： ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry. 7being，构成动名词，做主语。如： . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习：

非谓语动词翻译练习

非谓语动词翻译练习： I. Complete the sentences. 1) Success means ___________________________________________(非常努力地工作). 2) John meant ____________________________________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障). 3) I heard him ______________________________________________(在跟他的母亲谈话). 4) I heard him ______________________________________________(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时). 5) He jumped into the pool to save the child ______________________________________ (结果却摔断了自己的腿). 6) He jumped from the burning house, __________________________________(摔断了双腿). 7) He was happy _____________________________________________________(看到父母很健康). 8) _______________________________________(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief. 9) ________________________(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda. 10) The pop, _______________________________(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans. II. Translate the Chinese into English. (请在句子划线部分使用非谓语动词或者独立主格结构) 1、我钱不够，不能买这房子。 2、我比你强，我会跑得比你快。 3、发现屋里没人，他便留了一张纸条。 4、经理设法用蹩脚的英语让别人明白了他的意思。

非谓语动词背诵顺口溜

非谓语动词英语学习口诀包含动名词、动词的不定时顺口溜非谓语动词包括动词不定式，动词的过去分词和动词的-ing形式三种。请看下面的方法，将有助于记住不定式及动名词。 1、动词的不定式 ①不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。 ②没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。 ③主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。 ④not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。 ⑤疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。 ⑥仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。解析： ①“to+动词原形”是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的标记。 ②它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。 ③它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。 ④“not +动词不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记住规律。 ⑤疑问代词what, who, whom, which和疑问副词where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。 ⑥通过以上分析，只要仔细研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在应用时就能作出准确的判断。 2、动名词：哪些动词后面只能接动名词，下面的顺口溜有助于记忆。喜欢、考虑不可免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid) 停止，放弃太冒险(stop, give up , risk) 反对想象莫推延(mine, imagine, delay, put off) 要求完成是期望(require, finish, look forward to.) 建议继续勤*练(suggest, go on, practise) 不禁原谅要坚持(can’t help, excuse , insist on) 继续注意使成功(keep on, mind, succeed in)

非谓语动词的三种形式

非谓语动词共分为三种，构成形式如下： 1.动词不定式(Infinitives)： 2.现在分词和过去分词(present participles & past participles): 3. 动名词(gerunds) 下面我们依据句子的成分，来具体分析非谓语动词的不同用法。 1.非谓语动词做主语和表语主语、表语和同位语在句子中用名词来担当，非谓语动词中动词不定式和动名词均可以用作名词，因此，动词不定式和动名词可以用来担当这三种成分。 1）非谓语动词做主语一般情况下，用动名词来做主语的情况比较多，动词不定式用作主语的情况比较少。通常来说，在表达将来的要发生的事情时用不定式来作主语，而表达一般情况习惯性的动作时用动名词来作主语。例如：Teaching is a tiring but satisfying job. Swimming is a good kind of exercise. To be an astronaut is Johnson’s desire. 在用it做形式主语的句子中通常用动词不定式来做真正的主语。例如：It is necessary (for you) to give up smoking. It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.

但是值得注意的是在各别情况下，即使是It做形式主语，真正的主语也必须用动名词，这些情况很少，所以希望同学们能单独记忆下来，以下是此类情况的一个总结。 It is/was no use/good doing sth. It is/was not any use/good doing sth. It is/was of little use/good doing sth. 2)非谓语动词做表语非谓语动词作此成分的时候跟作主语时的规则基本一致。在表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式. 例如：Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家 Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。动名词做表语，表示抽象概念。动名词做表语一般用来表示“身份，职业”等.大部分时候主语与表语可以互换。例如：My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.) 此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性。例如：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 To see is to believe.

非谓语动词动词不定式

非谓语动词顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的动词。包括：不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。不定式 1.不定式的构成不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）：主动式被动式一般式to do to be done 完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing / 完成进行式to have been doing / 1). 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如： They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。 He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。 2). 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。如： She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。 I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do. 我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。 It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country. 对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。 3). 不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如： It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。 He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. 他假装在认真地听老师讲课。 We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. 我们没料到你一直在这儿等我 4). 不定式的完成进行式如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。如：They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years. 据说他们已经在西藏工作20年了。We are happy to have been helping each other these days. 我们很高兴这些天能互相帮助。5). 动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。如：