高考英语阅读基础训练猜测词义[课件]
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高考英语阅读基础训练猜测词义[课件]
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5) Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dad’s car is bigger than your Dad’s,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.”
5. In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry. 嫁妆
Tip 5 : Association联想法 利用常识、自己的经验、经历及 社会、科技等方面的知识猜词
Passage 3 （2009，全国，D） After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream. The underlined word “astounded”means____. A. very sad B. very sorry C. very pleased D. greatly surprised
2023届高考英语二轮复习：关于阅读理解中的“猜测词义”题型 课件(共19张PPT)
说题
关于阅读理解中的“猜测词义”题型
Contents
PART 01
说题意
PART 02
说学情
PART 03
说方法
PART 04
说延伸
PART 05
说反思
PART 01 说题意
输说入题相意关的标题
该题型考察学生读懂书、报、杂志中关 于一般话题的简短文章以及公告、说明、广 告等，并能从中获取相关信息，根据上下文 推断生词的词义的能力。
所考单词的意义通常超出大纲范围—— 超纲词意含义推断、熟词生义或是在特定语 境中的意思。
输说入题相意关的标题
2012课 标·全国Ι
2
考查猜测词义的题量在近五年中相对稳定， 属于常考题目，是对学生多方面综合能力的检测， 而且近年来有难度增大的趋势，不仅要求学生在 复杂句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案， 而且试题中还增加了对短语及句意的猜测。
What does the underlined word “Sedate” probably mean? B or D?
A. Wild the romantic
B. Slow and peaceful
C. Hungry and thirsty
D. Active and excited
PART 03 说方法
PART 02 说学情
输说入学相情关的标题
这是一篇说明文，介绍了在非洲骑着马近距离观赏野生动物的奇妙之处。
In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace, with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive. As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life.
关于阅读理解中的“猜测词义”题型
Contents
PART 01
说题意
PART 02
说学情
PART 03
说方法
PART 04
说延伸
PART 05
说反思
PART 01 说题意
输说入题相意关的标题
该题型考察学生读懂书、报、杂志中关 于一般话题的简短文章以及公告、说明、广 告等，并能从中获取相关信息，根据上下文 推断生词的词义的能力。
所考单词的意义通常超出大纲范围—— 超纲词意含义推断、熟词生义或是在特定语 境中的意思。
输说入题相意关的标题
2012课 标·全国Ι
2
考查猜测词义的题量在近五年中相对稳定， 属于常考题目，是对学生多方面综合能力的检测， 而且近年来有难度增大的趋势，不仅要求学生在 复杂句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案， 而且试题中还增加了对短语及句意的猜测。
What does the underlined word “Sedate” probably mean? B or D?
A. Wild the romantic
B. Slow and peaceful
C. Hungry and thirsty
D. Active and excited
PART 03 说方法
PART 02 说学情
输说入学相情关的标题
这是一篇说明文，介绍了在非洲骑着马近距离观赏野生动物的奇妙之处。
In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace, with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive. As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life.
高考英语阅读基础训练猜测词义课件
A easily broken B soft inside
C very hard
D expensive
2.The herdsman ,who looks after sheep,
earns about 650 yuan a year.
A keeper of a group of animals ,esp.
dissented. A have a different opinion B support C like it very much
三因果法
根据对上下文或整句的理解，运用其因果 关系，猜出该生词的意义. 1.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken .Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
words C humorous speech D not making sense
1.We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care or custody C prevent D to keep safe with a burglar-alarm
2.Don’t listen to his nonsense. A havig no meaning B meaningless
A very large B crowed
C noisy
D good
四 联想法
利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社 会、科技等方面的知识猜词 1. She read my letter slowly to the end and then tore it to shreds.
高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题——猜测词义》PPT课件
very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.
◎All the other members are of the
same opinion. They are unanimous.
反义词 污秽的
天生的
混乱
小
结
定义或释义关系常由定语从句或 be called，be known as, be defined as ， 等词汇或破折号来表示 ； 或由is, 或由 that is (to say), in other words， ， to put it another way引出 一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后 做它的同位语，用逗号隔开， 做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同 位关系。 位关系。
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by ___. 2.The word “…” is most likely to mean ______. 3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for? 4. The underlined word “…” means __. 5. The word “…” is closest in meaning to …
语 境 猜 测 词 义
1. 定义描述 2. 同义反义 3. 因果关系 4. 举例归纳 5. 生活常识 6. 上下文推测
1、定义描述 动物学家 、
牧羊人
语义学
zoologist, ◎His uncle is a zoologist an expert who does research on animals. herdsman, ◎The herdsman who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎ Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
高三英语阅读技能指导之-猜测词义.ppt
二：跟踪训练:
1：语音学（同位语法）
2：极度贫穷（对比/反义词法） 3：牧羊人/放羊人（定义法） 4：剪头发（因果关系法） 5：生的、未熟的（上下文/生活常识） 6：徒劳的、无用的（因果关系法） 7： D(对比） 8：B
三：有关代词
1： B 2： B
语境/上下文
四：巩固练习 1 ：B 3 ：C 2：B 卑微的/底层的 4：A 5：B 6：B 7：D
温和的
2. Instantly，we were busily preparing for the worst. The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and crops．There was very little we could do about the corps. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded again．My older brother called his sheep-dog and began driving our small flock of sheep to higher ground above river．If the river flooded，they should be safe there． 58．The underlined word "stock" refers to_________. A. money owned by the family B．goods for sale C. supplies for family use D．farm animals
专题04 阅读理解之猜测词义题(课件)-2024年高考英语二轮复习(新教材新高考)
新，上千款模板选择总有一
和“will no doubt be irone款d适合o你ut(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所 在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“ 错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
真题研析·规律探寻
考向2 考查猜测短语的意思 1.（2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C） In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in 稿稿a定定vPoPPTPl，uT海m量e素,材d持e续e更p in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These新，sc上e千n款e模s板m选择a总y有h一ave been painted
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
【答案】A
稿定PPT
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词稿所定在PP句T，的海量下素文材“持续Th更is process requires you to step
和“will no doubt be irone款d适合o你ut(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所 在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“ 错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
真题研析·规律探寻
考向2 考查猜测短语的意思 1.（2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C） In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in 稿稿a定定vPoPPTPl，uT海m量e素,材d持e续e更p in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These新，sc上e千n款e模s板m选择a总y有h一ave been painted
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
【答案】A
稿定PPT
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词稿所定在PP句T，的海量下素文材“持续Th更is process requires you to step
2025届高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题策略及真题练习+课件
3. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.
A. pretty
B. passive C. protective D. energetic
Practice 根据上下文语境推断词义。
4. At first, Gao was a hardworking and honest man who sells fish to make a
1. Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
adj.健谈的
同义或近义 synonym or near-synonym
利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的 意 思 。 常 见 信 号 词 (clues) ： and, or, also, as...as, just as, similarly等
原因：because，as，since(因为)，for(因为) 结果：so，thus，as a result , therefore, so that …
8.The museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day. adj. 大的
利用对比或转折的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。 常见信号词/词组有：but, yet(然而), despite(尽管), however, while(但是), unfortunately(不幸地), on the other hand, on the contrary(相反), in contrast, instead of, rather than, not as…as, not the same as…等
2023届高三英语二轮复习之猜测词义的技巧课件
(adj. 大的)
因果关系 信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so,
therefore, so…that, such…that, thus
Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. 弹性的
---猜测词义
Dealing with new words or phrases in reading comprehension
高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求
要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话 题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从 中获取相关信息。考生应能：
１、理解主旨要义； ２、理解文中具体信息； ３、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； ４、作出判断和理解； ５、理解文章的基本结构； ６、理解作者的意图，观点和态度。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
was sure that he was innocent of the theft.
无辜的
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义 词、近义词（词组）或相似的 结构猜测词义。
Cleaning up waterways is an enormous
task .The job is so large, in fact, that the
因果关系 信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so,
therefore, so…that, such…that, thus
Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. 弹性的
---猜测词义
Dealing with new words or phrases in reading comprehension
高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求
要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话 题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从 中获取相关信息。考生应能：
１、理解主旨要义； ２、理解文中具体信息； ３、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； ４、作出判断和理解； ５、理解文章的基本结构； ６、理解作者的意图，观点和态度。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
was sure that he was innocent of the theft.
无辜的
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义 词、近义词（词组）或相似的 结构猜测词义。
Cleaning up waterways is an enormous
task .The job is so large, in fact, that the
【高考英语阅读理解公开课】---猜测词义课件(共4个课件)
large
[典例] (2019·北京卷 )Phytoplankton(浮游植物) lives at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. ...But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow...
Statistics on the type of guessing meanings of words
Year
2019
2018
2017
全国卷Ⅰ 1(单词stumbles的含义)
1(单词 dominant的 2(代词that的含义； 短语the
含义)
water catcher的含义)
全国卷Ⅱ
2(代词I的含义；短语tug at 1(短语a juicer的含
many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and
Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29．Which of the following best explains “dominant”in paragraph 2?
field(n.场地 ) field vt.运用=employ(使用，运用)
[典例] (2019·北京卷 )Phytoplankton(浮游植物) lives at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. ...But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow...
Statistics on the type of guessing meanings of words
Year
2019
2018
2017
全国卷Ⅰ 1(单词stumbles的含义)
1(单词 dominant的 2(代词that的含义； 短语the
含义)
water catcher的含义)
全国卷Ⅱ
2(代词I的含义；短语tug at 1(短语a juicer的含
many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and
Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29．Which of the following best explains “dominant”in paragraph 2?
field(n.场地 ) field vt.运用=employ(使用，运用)
高考英语阅读理解-猜测词义课件(共31张PPT)
It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
(adj. 大的)
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例 猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。
Today young couples often spend lots of
their money on appliances, for instance,
逗号后的or water给出了irrigate的准确含义，即“灌溉” 的意思。
washing machines, refrigerators and
color televisions.
(n. 电器用具)
• 方法6：
Using word formation
（构词法）
6. Guessing the meaning
unbelievable
prefix (前缀）
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
(adj. 大的)
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例 猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。
Today young couples often spend lots of
their money on appliances, for instance,
逗号后的or water给出了irrigate的准确含义，即“灌溉” 的意思。
washing machines, refrigerators and
color televisions.
(n. 电器用具)
• 方法6：
Using word formation
（构词法）
6. Guessing the meaning
unbelievable
prefix (前缀）
2024届高考英语阅读理解专项技巧-词义猜测+课件
Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that__tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakersand Their Cultur e, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
技巧1：利用释义法解题
猜猜下列划线词汇的意思： 例1：They described him as a loon, or a mad man. 说明：句中的or是对loon的解释，即loon与a mad man同义，即表示"疯子"。 例2：The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year. 说明：定语从句 who looks after sheep表明herdsman的词义为"牧人"。
解答： “added bonus”后面的that从句是同位语从句，解释说明“added bonus”的内容（坐电动 飞机更舒服）。“No loud engine noise， no smell of fuel， just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.”一句则进一步解释说明，电动飞机飞行时没有发动机的噪音，没有燃油的气 味，环境安静和谐，这意味着人们能够获得更加愉悦的飞行体验，故选C项。
技巧1：利用释义法解题
猜猜下列划线词汇的意思： 例1：They described him as a loon, or a mad man. 说明：句中的or是对loon的解释，即loon与a mad man同义，即表示"疯子"。 例2：The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year. 说明：定语从句 who looks after sheep表明herdsman的词义为"牧人"。
解答： “added bonus”后面的that从句是同位语从句，解释说明“added bonus”的内容（坐电动 飞机更舒服）。“No loud engine noise， no smell of fuel， just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.”一句则进一步解释说明，电动飞机飞行时没有发动机的噪音，没有燃油的气 味，环境安静和谐，这意味着人们能够获得更加愉悦的飞行体验，故选C项。
高考阅读理解技巧之猜测词意课件(共21张PPT)
D. Having more material than needed.
Tip: 构词法 consume: 消费
consumption n. 消费
IV. Common sense
运用自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下 文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。
1. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. 波纹，细浪
Flay says Liberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” he says. “it’s about your personality(个性) and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.” What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?
61. What does the underlined phrase “over-
consumption” refer to___D__?
过度消费
A. Using too much packaging.
B. Recycling too many wastes.
C. Making more products than necessary.
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. The underlined word most probably means_____.
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1) The boy wants to ride a brown pony. A．dog B．cat C．horse C
1.The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel A the top of the frame of a door or window B the bottom of the frame of a door or window C the top part of the roof or ceiling 2. After inventing dynamite, Nobel became a very rich man. A powerful explosive B light C engine D electricity
1.We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care or custody C prevent D to keep safe with a burglar-alarm 2.Don’t listen to his nonsense. A havig no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense
1) He found an unpretentious job as a wheeler of cement（ 水 泥 ） and loved loved being unnoticed. being unnoticed.
A. unshowy C. easy B. unlucky D. unhappy
3. The word “adolescence” means the period between children and adulthood. A 少儿期 B 幼儿期 C 青春期 D 成人期
二 对比法
在一个生词的前后有时会出现它的反 义词或常用来对比的词语，我们从而 可以推知该生词的意思。这时应该特 别注意表示转折或对比的连词 （although, but, while, etc.）、副词 （instead ,yet ,etc）或介词短语（on the other hand, on the contrary, etc.）
常见设问形式
1 The word “……” refers to/ probably means/ could best be replaced by _______ 2 The word “……” is most likely to mean____ 3 What do you think the expression “……” stands for? _____ 4 By saying “……” we mean_______ 5 “……” as used in the passage, can be best defined as _______.
PRACTICE l）Jane is usually prompt. A．late B．on time C．pleased Jane is usually prompt for her classes． A．late B. on time，C. pleased Jane is usually prompt for all her classes， but she arrived in the middle of her first class. A．late B．on time C．pleased． B
2.The herdsman ,who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. A keeper of a group of animals ,esp. cattles B a butcher C a man who sell sheep D a person who looks after an生词的产生有一定的规律 可循，这种规律称之为构词法。英语 中常见的构词法有转换、派生、合成 三种。对构词法知识有一定的了解， 在阅读中，我们就可以运用相应的构 词法来猜测某些生词的含义。
比如，我们也许不知道unforeseeable的含 义，但我们可以根据构词法得知它是一个 派生词。于是把它拆成un,fore,see,able;其 中see是词根，fore是“先、前、预”的含 义，un是否定，able是“能…的”，因此 unforeseeable就是“未能预见到的”。 再如，我们也许从未见过“lipservice”这个 词。通过观察分析该词，我们知道它是一 个合成词，由“lip”和“service”两词构成， “lip”是“嘴唇”，“service”是“服务”， 于是，我们不难猜出“lipservice”是“口惠 而实不至，空话”的意思。
Further consolidation
提示： 这一阅读理解练习的特点是每一题都看 三个句子，每后一句总比前一句多一层 新意思，每一题都有一个相同划线部分 的词语。必须学会根据上下文提供的信 息，结合一定的常识才能推理判断出新 词语的准确意思。
Further consolidation
例题： Tom can’t find his sneakers. A.Money B. bowls C. shoes Tom can’t find his white sneakers． A.Money B. bowls C. shoes Tom can’t play tennis now because he can’t find his white sneakers. A.Money B. bowls C. shoes
3.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. A very large B crowed C noisy D good
四 联想法
利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社 会、科技等方面的知识猜词 1. She read my letter slowly to the end and then tore it to shreds. A fragments B the whole C envelope D fires
1. l. Twelve－year－old Sally was an active girl，but her sister was quite sedate． A. pretty B. calm
C. protective
D. energetic
2. Most of us agreed, however ,Bill dissented. A have a different opinion B support C like it very much D doesn’t show his ideas
技 巧 点 拨
1定义法 2 对比法 3 因果法
4 联想法
5 构词法
一 定义法
通过定义,定语从句/词组,同位语/词组(that
is, or, i.e , such as , in other words , namely , put another way)来确定词义
1. It will be very hard but also very brittle －that is, it will break easily. A easily broken B soft inside C very hard D expensive
2）Tom saw an owl last night．
A
A．a bird B．an animal C．the sun Tom saw an owl in a tree last night． A．a bird B．an animal C．the sun Tom saw an owl last night but it flew away when he got near． A．a bird B．an animal C．the sun
5) She sneered, "You are the worst type of parasite. You make me sick! You take our friendship and love, but you give nothing of yourself! A. person B. enemy C. friend D. one who lives on another
三因果法
根据对上下文或整句的理解，运用其因果 关系，猜出该生词的意义. 1.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken .Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. A going on for a long time B that may be permitted C not very strong D in a bad condition
2) Albert's success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence.
A. time B. competition C. perseverance D. beginning again
3) He felt very alone; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no one in the inhospitable city. A. unfriendly B. uncomfortable C. unhealthy D. enormous 4) The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A.work B. study C. name D. interest