中考英语---谓语动词的语态专项讲解+练习

谓语动词的语态（1）

1. 你知道什么是语态吗？它分为几种呢？

语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系；

英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

2. 主动语态和被动语态有什么区别呢？

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

让我们来总结一下规律吧。

把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：

①先找出谓语动词；

②再找出谓语动词后的宾语；

③把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；

④注意人称、时态和数的变化。

下面我们来小试身手吧, 把下面的句子改为被动句。

1. Bruce writes a letter every week. ___________________________________

2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. ___________________________________

3. He has written two novels so far. ____________________________________

4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. ____________________________________

5. You must lock the door when you leave. ____________________________________

6. Lucy is writing a letter now. ____________________________________

答案：

1. A letter is written by Bruce every week.

2. The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.

3. Two novels have been written by him so far.

4. Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.

5. The door must be locked when you leave.

6. A letter is being written by Lucy now.

谓语动词的语态（2）

1.你还记得上一节我们所讲的被动语态的结构？

被动语态的结构：be + 过去分词；其实我们还会用到 get + 过去分词

2.你知道这两种被动语态的区别吗？

被动语态的综合练习题

1. When I ______ once ______ about my Chinese dream, I hoped all children especially girls received a good education.

A. have; asked

B. am; asked

C. was; asked

D. was; asking

2. --Can Mr. King spare some time for the evening party?

--If he ______, he must try his best to make it.

A. will be invited

B. is invited

C. invites

will invite

3.Music is an international language that ______ all over the world.

A. is understand

B. understood

C. understands

D. was understand

4.--Do you know when the Reader《朗读者》on CCTV 1 ______ every week?

--Sure. At 8:10 every Saturday evening.

A. will be held

B. was held

C. held

D. is held

5.--It’s 10 o’clock. I am afraid that I can’t finish the report tonight.

--Don’t worry. You ______ plenty of time to do it tomorrow.

A. give

B. will give

C. will be given

D. were given

答案：

1. C ask me about my Chinese dream 的被动，从主句中 hoped 可知是过去时的被动。

2. B invite him to the party 的被动，时态上符合主将从现，可知是一般现在时的被动。

3. A understand language的被动，从主句的时态上判断，可知是一般现在时的被动。

4. D hold the Reader on CCTV 1 的被动, 从every week 可知是一般现在时的被动。

5. C give you plenty of time to do it 的被动，从 tomorrow上可知，是将来时的被动。

二、英语书面表达专项训练

2．4月23日是“世界读书日”，你校英语俱乐部正在开展主题为“多读书，读好书”的活动。假如你是李华，请你写一封倡议书，向全体同学发出号召。内容包括：应该读什么样的书，以及读书的意义。

提示词语：story, novel, knowledge, improve, important

提示问题：● What kind of books should we read? ● Why do we read?

Dear students, the World Reading Day is coming.

So I’m here again to call on all of us to read more books and read good books.

Li Hua

【答案】例文

Dear students, the World Reading Day is coming. As a middle school student, everyone should read books. Firstly, reading increases our knowledge and we can learn the world affairs without going out. Secondly, reading is a good way to improve reading and writing skills. Finally, reading can broaden our knowledge and horizon, which is important to job hunting in the future. Therefore, start to reading, no matter how old you are and what you are doing.

So I’m here again to call on all of us to read mor e books and read good books.

Li Hua 【解析】

【详解】

题干解读：该题目属于应用文写作，但写作时要按照应用文格式写，写作时承接短文开头，写出对学生的倡议。

例文点评：例文采用的是一段式，写的是阅读的好处，时态采用的是一般现在时，描述倡议时，描写细致，条理清晰。

高分亮点：

短语：Firstly；Secondly；Finally；a good way to do sth；broaden our knowledge and horizon。

句型：reading is a good way to improve reading and writing skills；reading can broaden our knowledge and horizon, which is important to job hunting in the future。

3．书面表达

我们在生活中总是面对着各种各样的压力，这会严重妨碍我们的学习和生活。某中学生英文报正开辟专栏讨论中学生如何减压。假设你叫李华，请从以下几个方面，用英语写出你的具体做法，向该栏目投稿。

1.与他人交流；

2.参加体育运动；

3.参加娱乐活动；

4.其它减压方式。

参考词汇：stressed adj.有压力的

注意：

1.词数80-120左右；

2.文中不得出现真实人名及学校名；

3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear editor,

There are many ways for us high school students to relax ourselves.

Yours,

Li Hua

【答案】Dear editor,

There are many ways for us high school students to relax ourselves.As for me.when I feel stressed,I usually communicate with my friends,parents or teachers.Sometimes I will do sports with my classmates,such as riding bikes,going swimming and so on.I go to the movies or listen to light music in my spare time,too.What's more, going on a trip in holiday is another way to make me relaxed. I believe the more relaxed we are, the happier we live.We will be healthy and learn better .

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】

【详解】

这是一篇要求介绍自己面对着各种各样的压力是如何做的。动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围绕要点组织材料，然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。根据材料可知本文主要是应用第一人称，一般现在时态，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。

4．书面表达

常州市政府发文，从2019年2月1日起，市区禁止燃放烟花爆竹。你们班级的同学们就春节是否能燃放烟花进行了讨论。请根据表格所提供的信息,给市长写一封信介绍大家的观点，同时谈谈自己的想法。

注意： 1. 所写内容必须包括表格中的信息，并适当发挥；

2. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；

3. 表达，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范；

4. 词数不少于90。文章的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Major,

We have had a discussion about whether to let off fireworks at Spring Festival. All the students in our class give the ideas.

【答案】Most of the students don’t agree to let off fireworks at Spring Festival. They think fireworks produce so much smoke that it can cause serious air pollution. What’s more, people like letting them off at midnight, it is always so noisy outside that many people can’t sleep well. Also, it may cause big fire if people aren’t careful enough. Some children like playing with fireworks, so it’s dangerous for their eyes. If we don’t let off fireworks, cleaners don’t need to clean up so much rubbish everywhere.

O n the other hand, some students don’t agree. They think Chinese people have been used to letting off fireworks since hundreds years ago. Moreover, Chinese traditional culture is missing. We should protect it. People will feel less interested than before without fireworks.

I think we should follow the rule because good environment is more important than anything else. Protecting environment is protecting ourselves.

【解析】

【详解】

这是一篇材料作文。常州市政府发文，从2019年2月1日起，市区禁止燃放烟花爆竹。你们班级的同学们就春节是否能燃放烟花进行了讨论。请根据表格所提供的信息,给市长写一封信介绍大家的观点，同时谈谈自己的想法。时态主要为一般现在时。人称主要为第三人称和第一人称。仔细阅读所给材料，认真审题，确定主题，根据主题和所给要点列出提纲，所写内容必须包括表格中的信息，可适当发挥，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范。尽

量使用高分句型。要运用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有连贯性。根据提示要点，列出本文的写作提纲。写完以后，注意再读一遍，看看有无单词拼写、标点、语法错误（时态、主谓一致等）。本文提纲：

大多数学生不同意在春节放烟花。他们认为烟花产生的烟太多，会造成严重的空气污染。更重要的是，人们喜欢在午夜放假，外面总是那么吵，很多人睡不好觉。另外，如果人们不够小心，可能会引起大火。有些孩子喜欢玩烟花，这对他们的眼睛很危险。如果我们不放烟花，清洁工就不需要到处清理那么多垃圾。

另一方面，有些学生不同意。他们认为中国人几百年前就习惯放烟花了。此外，中国传统文化也缺失了。我们应该保护它。如果没有烟花，人们会比以前更不感兴趣。

我认为我们应该遵守这条规则，因为良好的环境比其他任何东西都重要。保护环境就是保护我们自己。

【点睛】

本文思路清晰，时态运用要正确，叙述清楚条里，层次分明，所用句式句型比较高级，像If we don’t let off fireworks, cleaners don’t need to clean up so much rubbish everywhere./ They think Chinese people have been used to letting off fireworks since hundreds years ago. / I think we should follow the rule because good environment is more important than anything else.。书面表达题要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和高分句式，语言要规范，信息表达清晰、完整，意思连贯。要学以致用。注意书写的规范：大小写、标点符号等的正确运用。注意检查：单词拼写、语法、动词时态、语序、主谓一致等。

5．题目①

假如你是李华，你们学校的英国友好校下周将要来访。学校国际部正在招募接待英国学生的志愿者，陪伴他们度过周末。你想成为志愿者。请用英语写一封申请信，在信中说明你申请的理由，以及你打算拿给英国学生安排哪些周末活动。

提示词语：get along with, friendly, places of interest, Chinese dishes

提示问题：1. Why would you like to be a volunteer?

2. What do you plan to do during the weekend?

Dear Sir/Madam，

I would like to be a volunteer to receive the British students.

I'm looking forward to your early reply.

Yours，Li Hiua

【答案】Dear SiraMadam.

I would like to be a volunteer to receive the British students I like making friends andI am outgoing，so it's easy for me to get along well with them.

I have some plans for the weekends.First of all，there are a lot of places of interest in Beijing，so I plan to take them to some places like the Great Wall，the Forbidden City and so on.

I'll also cook some Chinese dishes for them.I am sure they will have a great and unforgettable time in Beijing.

I'm looking forward to your early reply.

Yours，Li lHua

【解析】

【分析】

本篇是材料作文，以书信格式，根据所给材料写申请信；书写时材料要用全，注意紧扣主题，结构严谨。

【详解】

1.本篇是书信格式，以第一人称向学校国际部申请当志愿者；根据材料提示，介绍自己的

情况用一般现在时，计划如何安排周末活动用一般将来时。

2.本例文层次分明，第一层阐述自己申请的理由，介绍自己开朗的性格适合志愿者的工

作；

第二层详细介绍给英国学生安排哪些周末活动；最后表明自己的期待。文体正确，文句通顺，内容完整。

3.本例文恰当地使用了很多的短语和句型，是文章文句精彩。如：用不定式would like to be

a volunteer to receive the British students阐述自己的愿望，make friends、It's easy for me to get along well with等介绍自己合适志愿者的工作；用动词短语have some plans for、介词短语like the Great Wall，the Forbidden City and so on.、宾语从句I am sure they will have a great and unforgettable time in Beijing.详细介绍周末的活动，短语丰富，句型多样。

6．书面表达

以下是你校校刊YOUTH中YOUR VOICE栏目的征稿内容，请根据提示，用英语写一篇短文，表达你的想法。

Hi,

I’m David, the ed itor of YOUTH. We all know the exchange students are going back to the US soon. We would like to give them some traditional Chinese things as gifts, such as Chinese paintings, silk, tea …Today I would like to collect some ideas. In your article, you should:

recommend two traditional Chinese things

show your reasons why you recommend them

Looking forward to hearing from you.

David

注意事项：

1. 对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥。

2. 要求语句通顺、意思连贯、符合情境；

3. 词数在90个左右，感谢信的首尾已在答题卡上给出，不计入总词数；

4. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am glad to share my opinion with you.____________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,

I am glad to share my opinion with you. I would like to recommend Chinese paintings as a gift because Chinese paintings have a long history. What’s more, they are quite different from the ones in the US. Foreign friends can learn more about Chinese art from them.

The second gift I want to recommend is silk scarves. Silk is a symbol of our great culture and popular among Chinese people. It feels very soft and comfortable. Why not buy them some silk scarves?

I believe the exchange students will like the two gifts and always remember the moments with us.【解析】

【详解】

本文主要是向别人分享想法，推荐礼物。第一句话点题，随后引出文章的两个主题，一· recommend two traditional Chinese things。例如：I would like to recommend Chinese paintings as a gift because Chinese paintings have a long history. 以及The second gift I want to recommend is silk scarves.二· show your reasons why you recommend them。理由一：because Chinese paintings have a long history. What’s more, they are quite different from the ones in the US. 理由二：Silk is a symbol of our great culture and popular among Chinese people. It feels very soft and comfortable.最后用I believe the exchange students will like the two gifts and always remember the moments with us总结全篇。文章干净利落，层次分明。

7．英语中有一句谚语：Failure is the mother of success.生活中我们常常会遭遇失败，但只要能正确对待，往往会获得最后的成功。请就此用英语写一篇短文，主要内容包括：

1．描述亲身经历的一次失败；

2．叙说失败后如何获得成功；

3．谈谈你的感想。

注意：1．词数90左右。短文的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；

2．短文须包括所有要点，不要逐词翻译，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺；

3．短文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。

Life is full of ups and downs and it is never too easy to achieve success. As the English saying goes, "Failure is the mother of success."

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Life is full of ups and downs and it is never too easy to achieve success. As the English saying goes, "Failure is the mother of success."

I was asked to play in a table tennis match last term. Before the match, I was cinfident that I would win. However, I failed . How sad I was! luckily, my PE.teacher helped me out. He told me

not to lose heart. He also helped me with my skills. With his help , my confidence returned and I came up with several new ideas. The next day, though I had to play against anther more skilled boy , I beat him!

So don’t be afraid of failure. If we can deal with it well. failure can be the mother of success!

【解析】

【详解】

1. 题干解读：这是一篇提纲式的给材料作文。要求介绍介绍失败的经历，及从中的收获和感想。描述经历用过去时态。

2. 例文点评：这篇短文条理通畅，能将要点表达完整。句式丰富，能运用连词使文章更有逻辑同时运用了大量的短语。

3. 高分亮点：

短语和连词的使用：be full of ，ups and downs，too…to…，help out，before，if，lay against，deal with等。

句型：(1) Life is full of ups and downs and it is never too easy to achieve success（2）Failure is the mother of success.（3）I was asked to play in a table tennis match last term.（4）The next day, though I had to play against anther more skilled boy , I beat him! (5) If we can deal with it well. failure can be the mother of success!

8．阅读可以使人开阔视野，阅读可使人心旷神怡，不管是参加中国汉字听写大会，还是中国诗词大会，都需要有良好的阅读基础。下面请大家谈谈阅读的好处并在生活中养成良好的阅读习惯。

注意：作文字数，不低于60字.

参考词汇：increase our knowledge open up our eyes improve writing skills

learn the world affairs without going out make the life colorful

Reading is very important in the whole life for people. There are many benefits of reading

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ Therefore, start reading, no matter how old you are and what you are doing. Then, you may find the great charm and benefits of reading.

【答案】Reading is very important in the whole life for people. There are many benefits of reading.

Firstly, reading increases our knowledge. It teaches us skills about getting a good job, cooking and so on. Secondly, reading is a good way to improve writing skills. Before you learn to write, you must know how others write. Thirdly, reading can open up our eyes and we can learn the world affairs without going out. we can know how things happened in the history and how to avoid bad things from happening. Finally, reading all kinds of books can make our life colorful.

Therefore, start reading, no matter how old you are and what you are doing. Then, you may find the great charm and benefits of reading

【解析】

此篇书面表达是根据提示介绍读书的好处及养成良好的阅读习惯。文章的时态以写作时为

主。写作时注意firstly，secondly，thirdly，Finally的使用。开篇点题，分析读书的好处。最后发出呼吁让人们读书。

9．书面表达。

29.假如你是李华，你最近认识的美国笔友David给你发了一封电子邮件，向了解你进初三以来在学习和生活方面的一些变化、收获和感受。请根据下面的提示及你的实际写封回信。

提示：less free time，much homework，more pressure，get into a good high school

more exercise，lose weight join the English Comer，improve English a lot

colorful and meaningful，learn more knowledge

注意：1）词数80左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数；

2）回复须包括所有药店，可适当发挥，使全文连贯、通顺；

3）文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。

Dear David，

Thank you so much for your mail. I'm happy to tell you about how my life has changed recently.

【答案】Dear David，

Thank you so much for your mail. I'm happy to tell you about how my life has changed recently. In the past , I had a lot of free time. In my free time , I used to take more exercise to lose weight. My life has changed a lot since I got into a good high school. I have more pressure . I have much homework to do every day . I have less free time to do leisure activities. In my spare time , I join in the English corner to practice my spoken English. This improves my English a lot . I learn more knowledge . My life is busy but it is colorful and meaningful.

Best wishes，

Li Hua

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇材料作文。

【详解】

根据题干“假如你是李华，你最近认识的美国笔友David给你发了一封电子邮件，向了解你进初三以来在学习和生活方面的一些变化、收获和感受。”要求可知，本文用现在完成时、一般现在时和一般过去时，人称是第一人称。

英语作文一般分为三个部分：

第一部分：开篇点题——介绍我进初三以来在学习和生活方面的一些变化、收获和感受。第二部分：文章主体——根据提示内容，依次介绍我进初三以来在学习和生活方面的一些变化、收获和感受。

这里要分为三个小节：

小节1：过去我的学习和生活是什么样的——有肯多课余时间做自己喜欢的事情。用一般

过去时。

小节2：进初三以来在学习和生活方面发生了变化。用现在完成时。

小节3：介绍现在的生活状态——忙碌的学习。用一般现在时。第三部分：总结全文——我的生活很忙但是很有意义。

2019年中考英语专项练习指导

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