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Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other. The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation （SDWF）1 has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-nose dolphins in the River Shannon2 using vocalisations collected on a computer in a cow shed3 near the River Shannon.

As part of a research project, student Ronan Hickey digitised and analysed a total of 1,882 whistles from the Irish dolphins and those4 from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories5. Of the categories, he found most6 were used by both sets of dolphins7 — but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.

“We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with behaviour like foraging, resting, socialising and the communications of groups with calves,” project leader Simon Berrow said. “Essentiall y we are building up what is like a dictionary of words they use or sounds they make.”

Berrow, a marine biologist, said the dolphins' clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey. The whistles are communications. “They do a whole range of oth er sound like barks, groans and a kind of gunshot,” he said. “The gunshot is an intense pulse of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun their prey.”

“When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the only species who used it. We can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as

the sperm whales.” Borrow said.

References in local legend8 indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century9.

They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon

ferry and an estimated 25,000 tourists every year take

special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.

练习：

1. The difference in eating habits between the bottle-nose dolphins and the sperm whales interested the SDWF scientists.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

2. Ronan Hickey analysed almost 2,000 different dialects of the bottle-nose dolphins.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

3. Of the 32 categories, eight were produced only by the Irish dolphins.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4. Whistles could also be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5. Sperm whales can produce stronger ultrasonic waves to kill their prey than dolphins.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned 6. As early as the 6th century, Irish fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7. Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25,000 people come to see them every year.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

答案与题解：

1. C 本题所说的意思是宽吻海豚与巨头鲸送食习惯上大相径庭,

这个点令科学家很感兴趣。题句表达的内容短文中找不到,故答案为 C.

2. B 题句的意思是： Ronan Hickey分析了爱尔兰海豚发出的近2000种不同的方言。这句话与短文中叙述的意思不符。第三段第一句说： Ronan Hicke分析了爱尔兰海豚和威尔士海豚（不但仅是爱尔兰海豚）发出的近 2000种不同的啸声（不是方言）。所以,本题选项

B是答案。

3. A 题句表达的意思与第三段第二句所述的内容相符。 32种啸声中有 8种是爱尔兰海豚独有的。所以答案是 A.

4. A 短文第四段第一句说科学家正在设法将啸声与海豚的行为特性联系起来,其中也包括成年海豚与小海豚之间的联络这个行为。题句的意思与原句的意思相符,所以答案是 A.

5. C 本题所说的态思是鲸鱼能发出比海豚更强烈的超声波去杀死猎物。题句表达的内容短文中找不到,故答案为 C.

6. B 短文第七段说的是,早在公元 6世纪海豚就在香农河河口繁衍生息,而没有说早在公元 6世纪渔民开始在香农河河口养殖海豚。题句的意思与文章的意思不符,所以答案是 B.

7. A题句表达的意思与最后一段的意思相符。原文说大约每年有25000名游客专程到此乘坐当地的小船观看海豚。所以答案是 A.

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雅思阅读是非无判断题技巧系列讲解作者：不详发布时间：2009-09-01 16:20:48来源：网络文章正文网校课程调查热评论坛回溯历次雅思考试，判断题都是一个不可或缺的重要题型；虽说目前几次考试作为雅思元老的它已经越来越被变化多端的配对题夺去风头，但判断题仍是一个烤鸭们绝不能小觑的题型。作为一种被研究得很彻底的方法题，希望大家通过从本次开始的18讲Yes/No/Not Given专题，熟识它、洞悉它、最后在雅思战场上征服它。今天我们开始“是”型判断题的解题方法介绍。作为我们是非无判断题的第一讲，和大家说的第一句话就是要明确答案的写法。是”T”吗？”True”吗？都不完全正确。因为对于任何和标准答案不一致的写法，严谨的雅思考官都有理由因“看不懂”而批错，如果这次偏偏有10道判断题，那平时不注意小节的你只能surrender your happiness to the mercy of foreigners。所以最安全的写法永远是”TRUE”,”FALSE”,”NOT GIVEN”(或”YES”,”NO”)，即按照题目要求的大写并拼写完全正确，见任何一套标准雅思试卷之判断题之前的Instruction。 {温馨提示} Yes”,“No”,“Not Given”和“True”,“False”,“Not Given”只是考试形式的区别,在判断方式上并没有本质不同。作为一种技巧性很强的题型，判断题的高正确率无非掌握两点：定位和判断准则。请大家记住我们今天马上要讲授的True的第一种判断依据：题目是原文的同义表达。让我们按照由易到难的顺序来看3个例子。首先是简答的同根词之间的替换： {原创范例} 原文：Computers are gaining in popularity, despite their cost. 题目：Computers are more popular than they used to be. 解答：TRUE 原文告诉我们电脑的popularity(人气)是上升的，大家立刻脑海里出现一条上升的曲线；而题目中“电脑比过去要流行”，即它的受欢迎程度也是上升的。于是两条曲线吻合，所以是一个标准的TRUE。有时候同义表达之间的差异会相当大，而除了名词的同义表达外，数量类型的同义表达也需要注意： {原创范例} 原文：The majority of lecturers find their jobs very rewarding. 题目：Many lecturers get satisfaction from their work. 解答：TRUE rewarding来自reward,表示“有意义的工作”，即get satisfaction; 而原文的the majority of（绝大部分）完全能够包含题目的many（很多）。 {温馨提示} 雅思判断的TRUE往往和原文面貌全非，因为考官做了大量的paraphrase。如果在句子中间还出现了较为生僻的单词，则在同义表达识别的基础上还需要运用词汇的猜测等技能： {原创范例} 原文：Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise. 题目：Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying. 解答：TRUE 题目中的are unable to与原文中的are at loss to是同义词，题

中考英语阅读判断题

(A) There is quite a beautiful city in the southwest of Hunan Province. It is called Shaoyang. Here are two main rivers, Zijiang and Shaoshui, passing through the city. People once called it Baoqing in history.The earliest city was established here 2,500 years ago. In the history of Shaoyang, we will never forget two persons —Wei Yuan and Cai E. Wei Yuan, the first person to know the west world, was a famous thinker in the Qing Dynasty. His book---World Geography Records was the first book to introduce the geography and history of western countries in China. Cai E was a general(将军) in China.He took part in the Xinhai Revolution(辛亥革命) in 1911. If you come to Shaoyang. of course, don’t miss Mount Lang. It’s also a very beautiful place, which lies in Xinning County. Then the well-known traditional foods such as Zhuxie Wanzi, Lutofu and so on are very delicious. You can't miss them, either. Besides, people in Shaoyang are nice and friendly. If you need help, they will try to help you. Welcome to Shaoyang whenever you like! 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正(T)误(F)。 ( )1.Shaoyang lies in the southeast of Hunan Province. ( )2.In history , Shaoyang was called Baoqing. ( )3. The underlined phrase “World Geography Records” means《海国图志》in Chinese. ( )4. Cai E took part in the Xinhai Revolution in 1911. ( )5. Mount Lang belongs to Wugang. (B) There are about 5,000 different kinds of ladybugs in the world. They come in many different colors. Their bright colors warn other animals or insects not to eat them. Ladybugs taste bad. A bird or a frog that eats a ladybug will remember the bright colors and it will not eat another ladybug with the same colors again. When ladybugs are in danger, they will give out a fluid(液体)that tastes terrible. In many cultures, the ladybug is considered to be a symbol of good luck. Most ladybugs are kind to humans. They eat other insects which destroy crops. One ladybug can eat up to 5,000 insets in its lifetime. Ladybugs have six short legs. They live in many different places, including green lands, forests, cities, the countryside and along rivers. Different ladybugs have different spots(点). Some of them don’t have spots at all. The most common kind in North America is the 7-spotted ladybug. The 7-spotted ladybugs are the most active from spring to autumn. When the weather turns cold, they look for a warm place to sleep, such as under stones or in houses. 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正(T)误(F)。 ( )1. Ladybugs can give out a terrible fluid to protect themselves. ( )2. In many cultures ladybugs are believed to bring good luck. ( )3. Most of the ladybugs are harmful to crops. ( )4. Ladybugs live in many places except cities. ( )5. Winter is the best time for 7-spotted ladybugs to go out for food. (C) A long time ago, there was an emperor. He had a beautiful garden. In the garden, there was a little nightingale ( 夜莺) singing very beautifully. One day, the emperor heard about this little bird's beautiful voice. He asked his guards to bring her to him. As soon as the emperor heard the nightingale's voice, he said, "Put her in a golden cage, so she can stay and sing for me whenever I want to hear her." The little bird was so unhappy about being kept in the cage that she stopped singing one day. The emperor was very angry. He ordered the scientists in his palace to make a robot bird for him. The bird could sing very beautifully，too. The emperor was pleased. Soon the robot bird became old. It no longer sang beautiful songs. Just at that time，the emperor became very weak. One morning, while lying in bed, the emperor wanted it to sing once again. But the robot bird couldn't sing any more. Suddenly, the nightingale landed on the window. She began to sing her most beautiful song. The emperor was very happy! He became better and better each day. After the emperor was well, he changed a lot and became kind to his people. From then on, all his people cherished(爱戴)him for his love and kindness. 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正(T)误(F)。 ( )1. Both the nightingale and the robot bird had a beautiful voice. ( )2. The emperor kept the nightingale in a golden cage in order to hear her sing at any time. ( )3. The nightingale was very happy after she was kept in the golden cage. ( )4. The emperor was not satisfied with the robot bird at first. ( )5. The emperor learnt from the nightingale what love and kindness was. (D) Deep down in the sea, Oliver ,a little octopus(章鱼) sat on the floor covered with sand, bored and upset. He watched pretty fish swimming in and out of rocks, which were laughing and dancing in the sea. “Why am I so different?”

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