国际商务英语短语
短语：
有形贸易：visible trade
无形贸易：invisible trade
国内生产总值：gross domestic product
证券投资：Portfolio Investment
大额存单：Certificate of deposit
管理合同management contract
价值链value chain
承包生产contract manufacturing
交钥匙工程turnkey project
国民收入national income
国民生产总值GNP (gross national product )
人均收入per capita income
购买力平价PPP (purchasing power parity)
经济合作与发展组织organization of economic cooperation and development 基础设施infrastructure
独立国家联合体commonwealth of independent states
收入分布income distribution
债权国creditor country
东南亚国家联盟ASEAN （Association of southeast Asian Nations ）
经济一体化：economic integration
自由贸易区free trade area
关税税率tariff rates
北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
关税同盟customs union
共同市场common market
主权国家sovereignty/sovereign state
政治实体political entity
行政机构executive body
欧盟委员会European commission
部长理事会council of ministers
多极化multi-polarization
双部长会议dual-Ministerial meeting
分委员会Sub-committee
石油输出国组织OPEC (organization of petroleum exporting countries)
国际经济环境international economic environment
技术进步technical progress/ improvements
自然资源natural resources
初级产品primary commodities /goods / products
绝对利益absolute advantage
比较利益comparative advantage
关税联盟customs union
进口关税import duty
出口关税export duty
混税，复合关税compound duty
最惠国待遇：most favored nation (MFN) treatment
税率表，税则tariff schedule
非关税壁垒non-tariff barrier
运输工具means of transport
古迹places of historical interest
货仓cargo compartment
关税壁垒tariff barrier
关税区customs area
从价税ad valorem duties
贸易术语trade terms
贸易惯例trading practices
商品交易会trade fairs
长途电话trunk call
有效期validity period
还盘counter offer
销售合同sales contract
销售确认书sales (purchase ) confirmation
缔约方contracting parties
不可抗力force majeure
货号article number
棉布cotton piece goods
棉纱cotton yarns
对销贸易counter trade
欧洲支付联盟European payment union
竞争性贬值competitive devaluation
加工贸易processing trade
清算系统clearing system
实际头寸net positions
贸易信贷往来帐户trade credit accounts
反向购买counter purchase
回购交易buyback
租赁贸易leasing trade
财务状况financial standing
资信可靠情况credit worthiness
分阶段付款periodic payments
预付现金cash in advance
汇票draft / bill of exchange
远期汇票usance draft
跟单汇票documentary draft
提单bill of lading
货物所有权title to goods
保险单insurance policy
跟单托收documentary collection
付款交单documents against payment (D/P)
承兑交单documents against acceptance (D/A) 光票：clean draft
开证银行：opening bank
往来行correspondence bank
通知行advising bank
保兑行confirming bank
分批装运partial shipment
保兑信用证confirmed letter of credit
价格条款price term
光票信用证clean credit
非贸易结算non-trade settlement
可撤销信用证revocable credit
不可撤销信用证irrevocable credit
双重保障double assurance
即期信用证sight credit
远期信用证usance credit
面值face value
可转让信用证transferable credit
不可转让信用证non-transferable credit
无汇票信用证non-draft credit
推迟付款deferred payment
循环信用证revolving credit
合约各方contracting parties
唛头：Shipping marks
被通知人notify party
货运收据cargo receipt
发运港port of shipment
海关发票custom invoice
领事发票consular invoice
装船通知shipping advice
产品自然领域natural product provinces
公共承运人common carrier
契约承运人contract carrier
自有承运人private carrier
中间产品intermediate product
制成品finished products
零库存just-in-time delivery
最大诚信原则the principle of utmost good faith 货物原产地港口port of origin
交货费用forwarding charges
导致损失的直接原因proximate cause of the loss 汇率exchange rate
金本位制gold standard
平价par value
储备货币reserved currency
清洁浮动clean float (free float-自由浮动)
肮脏浮动dirt float (managed float管理浮动) (汇率)直接标价direct quote
(汇率)间接标价indirect quote
买入价buying rate
卖出价selling rate
中间价medial rate
大萧条Great Depression
特别提款权special drawing rights
国际收支赤字international BOP deficit
国际收支盈余balance of payments surplus/ favorable balance of payments 贴现率discount rate
外汇管制foreign exchange control
游资idle funds ( hot money )
世界银行集团word bank group
资本市场capital market
宽限期/优惠期grace period
私营经济Private sector
股权投资Equity investment
经济结构调整Economic restructuring
投票权Voting power
黄金份额Gold tranche
备用(信贷)安排Standby arrangement
客户流动customer mobility
免税期tax holiday
合资企业joint venture
JIT just in time
自动出口限制VER (voluntary export restriction )
绿地战略the Greenfield strategy
战略联合the strategic alliance
知识产权：intellectual property
常务委员会standing committee
增值税VAT(value added tax )
证券交易所Stock exchange
长期资本long-term capital
二级资本市场secondary capital market
交易场地market floor ( trading floor )
投资交易所RIE( recognized investment exchange )
挂牌证券交易市场( listed market )
所得税( income tax )
平衡帐目balance the books
公共部门借贷需求the public sector borrowing requirement
金边证券gilt-edged securities /stocks
事业机构投资商institutional investors
期权option
套期保值hedging
具体事场particular market area
普惠制Generalized system of preferences
关税减让tariff concession
机构力量institutional strength
反贴补措施anti-subsidy measures
反倾销anti-dumping
国民待遇national treatment
关税配额tariff quota
充分就业full employment
公平贸易fair trade
贸易条款trade terms
免责条款escape clauses
行动方案action programme
联合国大会United nations general assembly
经济及社会理事会ECOSOC (economic social council )
较不发达国家less–developed countries
无差别待遇non-discriminatory treatment/ non-discrimination principle
差别待遇differential treatment
贸易条件terms of trade
国际经济新秩序new international economic order
特惠税preferential duty
技术转让transfer of technology
金融市场financial market
所得税income tax
中期贷款medium term loan
双边谈判bilateral negotiations
特约条款special clause
董事会Board of directors
生产方式production approach
可保利益insurable interest
缓冲库存贷款Buffer stock financing facility
跨国公司母公司parent MNC
记帐交易open credit
滚装滚卸范畴运输roll-on and roll-off traffic
国际复兴开发银行IBRD
规模经济economies of scale
有价保单valued policy
从量税specific duty
业务范围business line
资本基础设施capital infrastructure
布雷顿森林会议the Bretton woods convention
电子数据交换EDI electronic data interchange
保证金margin
统一关税制度uniform tariff system
IBRD ( international bank for reconstruction and development ) 国际复兴发展银行IFC( international finance corporation) 国际金融公司
(MIGA)Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 多边投资担保机构
IDA(International development association) 国际开发协会
IMF( international monetary fund ) 国际货币基金组
国际商务英语课文电子版lesson (10)
Lesson10 International Payment Generally speaking, it is not very difficult for buyers and sellers in domestic trade to get to know each other’s financial status and other information, and payment is likely to be made in a straightforward manner, say（for example）by remittance or by debiting the debtor’s account. In international trade, however, things are far more complicated. Purchase and sale of goods and services are carried out beyond national boundaries, which make it rather
difficult for the parties concerned in the transaction to get adequate information about each other’s financial standing and creditworthiness (资信；信誉). Therefore, mutual trust is hard to build. Both the exporter and importer face risks as there is always the possibility that the other party may not fulfill the contract. For the exporter there is the risk of buyer default（不按期付款）. The importer might fail to pay in full for the goods. He might go bankrupt.
商务英语词汇大全(BEC词汇打印版)
商务英语词汇大全abroad adv.在国外，出国，广泛流传 absence n.缺席，离开 absent adj.不在，不参与 absenteeism n.（经常性）旷工，旷职absorb v.吸收，减轻（困难等）作用或影响abstract n.摘要 access n.接近（或进入）的机会，享用权v.获得使用计算机数据库的权利 accommodation n.设施，住宿 account n.会计账目 accountancy n.会计工作 accountant n.会计 accounts n.往来账目 account for解释，说明 account executive n.（广告公司）客户经理accruals n.增值，应计 achieve v.获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge v.承认，告知已收到（某物），承认某人 acquire v.获得，得到 acquisition n.收购，被收购的公司或股份acting adj.代理的 activity n.业务类型 actual adj.实在的，实际的，确实的 adapt v.修改，适应 adjust v.整理，使适应 administration实施，经营，行政administer v.管理，实施 adopt v.采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v.公布，做广告 ad n.做广告，登广告 advertisement n.出公告，做广告advertising n.广告业 after-sales service n.售后服务agenda n.议事日程 agent n.代理人，经纪人 allocate v.分配，配给 amalgamation n.合并，重组 ambition n.强烈的欲望，野心amortize v.摊还 analyze v.分析，研究 analysis n.分析，分析结果的报告 analyst n.分析家，化验员 annual adj.每年的，按年度计算的 annual general meeting（AGM）股东年会anticipate v.期望 anticipated adj.期待的 appeal n.吸引力 apply v.申请，请求；应用，运用 applicant n.申请人 application n.申请，施用，实施appointee n.被任命人 appraisal n.估量，估价 appreciate v.赏识，体谅，增值appropriate v.拨出（款项） approve v.赞成，同意，批准 aptitude n.天资，才能 arbitrage n.套 arbitration n.仲裁 arrears n.欠账 assemble v.收集，集合 assembly line n.装配线，流水作业线assess v.评定，估价 asset n.资产 current asset n.流动资产 fixed asset n.固定资产 frozen asset n.冻结资产 intangible assets n.无形资产 liquid assets n.速动资产 tangible assets n.有形资产 assist v.援助，协助，出席 audit n.查账，审计 automate v.使某事物自动操作 average n.平均，平均水准 awareness n.意识；警觉 backing n.财务支持，赞助 backhander n.贿赂 backlog n.积压（工作或订货） bad debt死账（无法收回的欠款）balance n.收支差额，余额 balance of payments n.贸易支付差额balance sheet n.资产负债表
(完整版)商务英语词汇大全
商务英语词汇大全（一） economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济 rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 经济 mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的 initial capital 创办资本 frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产 fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产,房地产
新编国际商务英语阅读教程译文
新编国际商务英语阅读教程译文 第一单元国际贸易理论 重商主义 世界上第一个国际贸易理论——重商主义，产生于16世纪中期。重商主义宣 称金银是一国财富的支柱，是繁荣商业所不可或缺的。当时，金银是国家间的贸易 货币，出口国赚取金银，同样从他国进口货物，导致金银的外流。重商主义认为出 口大于进口从而保持贸易顺差是一国的根本利益。这样，一国积累金银，最终使国 家财富增加，国家地位得以提升。正如1930年，英国重商主义学者托马斯?孟所说: 增加一国财富的最普遍的做法是对外贸易，而且我们必须遵守这样的规则:每 年出口产品的价值要大于进口产品的价值。 遵循这一说法，重商主义提倡政府干涉，以确保贸易顺差。重商主义认为大量 的贸易额并没有什么益处。他们建议颁布政策以扩大出口，限制进口。具体做法可 以是对进口施加关税和对配额进行限制，对出口则给予补贴。 1752年古典经济学 家大卫?休谟指出了重商主义学说的缺陷。据休谟所说，如果英国对法国贸易顺差(即出口大于进口)，相应的金银的流入会导致英国国内货币供应充足，从而产生通 货膨胀。而法国会因为金银的外流产生相反的效应——通货紧缩，价格降低。英法 之间相对价格的变化将促使法国的进口商购买的英国货物数量减少(因为英国货物 变得昂贵)，英国的进口商将购买更多法国的货物(因为法国货物价格降低)。结 果，英国贸易收支状况不断恶化，法国贸易收支逐步得到改善，这种情况一直持续 到英国的顺差被抵消。因此，休谟认为，长期来看，没有国家能够如重商主义者所 想象的那样保持贸易顺差。 除了休谟指出的缺陷之外，重商主义的另一缺限在于其视国际贸易为零和博弈(零和博弈是指一国得益必导致另一国受损)。亚当?斯密和大卫?李嘉图指出了重商
关于自考05844国际商务英语课文必考词汇短语
Transaction 交易customs area 关税区 in compliance with 遵从conversion 货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale 转售 gross domestic product国内生产总值invisible trade 无形贸易for short 缩写为account for 占…比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱，圈套 portfolio investment 证券投资stocks 股票 bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单licensing许可经营 franchising 特许经营trademark 商标 advisable 可行的patent 专利royalty 专利使用费；copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人 licensee 接受许可的人franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志；标记management contract 管理合同 expertise 专门知识bonus 红利；津贴；奖金 flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链 contract manufacturing 承包工程 turnkey project “交钥匙”工程clue 线索 BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设经营移交stand for 代表variant 变形/体potential 潜力national income 国民收入bulk 大量的；大宗的 GNP 国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布 Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织 infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体 staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地spur 促进creditor country 债权国proximity 临近ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟witness 亲历economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍fall under分成几部分free trade area自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行common market 共同市场adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元erode 侵蚀autonomy 自治sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set the stage of 为、、做准备；促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的landmark 地标；里程碑signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算banknotes 纸币；钞票circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构European Commission欧盟委员会veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员council of ministers 部长理事会empower 授予权力 multi-polarization 多极化tenet 原则；宗旨Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议 cartel 卡特尔，联盟OPEC 石油输出国组织 globalization 全球化frequency 频繁，频率 interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元 素value 价值观acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩 adverse 不利的；反对的controversial 引起争议的 instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化 facilities 设施；设备；工具label 把称为；把归类 employ 用；使用assets 资产incorporate 吸收；合并 purpot 声称；自称headquarters 总部 international economic environment国际经济环境 double digit 两位数字survival 继续生存 embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的 intervene 干预；干涉technical improvements 技术进 步derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理 decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield 操控；控制 jurisdiction 权利；管理范围vehicle 工具；手段 delegate power to…对、、、授权affiliate 分支机构； 附属机构mover 原动力，推动力define 下定义 services 劳务distri natural resources 自然资源 abundant 丰富的scarce缺少，缺乏primary commodities 初级产品incentive 刺激 specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成remainder 剩余的，余数hold 认为in terms of 在…方面 illustrate 说明table 表格，图表assume 假设 efficient 有效的，效率高的occur 发生，产生law 规 则，法则even if 即使disadvantage 不利with respect to 关exploit 利用，开发static 静止的 endowment of nature 自然的赋予up-to-date 现代的， 新式的intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力 absolute adantage 绝对利益comparative advantage 比较利益strategic 战略的reduce 减少bulky 笨 重的，庞大的perishable 易碎的protectionist 保护主 义的barrier障碍typical 典型的tariffs 关税 quota 配额levy 征收，收取coincide 巧合；偶合 customs union 关税联盟import duties 进口关税 export duties 出口关税ad valorem 按价；从价 specific 从量的compound duties 复税，混合关税 drawback 退税refund 偿还；退还 most-favoured-nation（MFN）treatment 最惠国待遇 signatory 签字国concession让步tariff schedule 税率 表；税则non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒impose 加强 unilaterally 单方面地label 标签，标记，标号 voluntary 自动的，主动的forthcoming 即将到来的 meaning of transport 运输工具inland water vessels 内 河船只maritime 海洋的cargo compartment 货仓 charter租fleet 舰队insurance保险 vulnerable 脆弱的collision 碰撞pilferage 偷窃 explosion 爆炸place of historical interest 古迹 accommodations 膳宿供应immigrant 移民 remittance 汇款undertake 承担 climate 环境气氛；风气degenerate 变坏；衰退 deal 交易draw up 制定；拟就respective 各 自的；分别的subsequent 随后的，后来的 interpretation 解释；说明trade terms 贸易术语； 交易条件trading practices 贸易惯例 litigation 诉讼，诉争entail 使人承担；使成为必要 amendment 修正案；修正条款 addition 增加部分revise 修正；修改 unitization 使成为一个单位maritime 海的；海上的 consolidate 统一，合并render使得；使成为 negotiable 可转让的；可流通的vital 极其重要的， 必不可少的whereby 凭借那个，借以premises 生产 场所；经营场所disposal 处理departure 离开，启程， 出发quay 码头substantive 实质性的 set forth 陈述；阐明binding 有约束力的 enforceable可实施的sue起诉trade fairs 商品交易 会trunk call 长途电话enquiry 询盘；询价 quotation 报价voluntarily 主动地，自愿地 indispensable 必不可少的validity period 有效期 offer还盘unbinding 无约束力的invalid 无 效的sales contract 销售合同 sales （purchase）confirmation 售货（购货）确认书 setting up 构成，结构，格式consignment 寄售 contracting parties 缔约方force majeure不可抗力 arbitration 仲裁cotton piece good 棉布 cotton yarns 棉纱hereby 于此hereunder 于下 article number 货号yard 码overleaf 反面 bleached 漂白的counter trade 对销贸易；反对贸易 allegedly被说成；据说phenomenon 现象 terminology 术语generic 总称的 net positions 实际寸头adduce 引证 empirical 以经验为根据的reciprocal 互惠的；互相 hyperinflation极度通货膨胀literally 照字地 disarray 混乱conceptually 概念上地European Payment Union 欧洲支付联盟pre-specify 预先说明 competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值in essence 实质上的intertemporal 不同时的be tied to 固定于 photocopying machine 复印机 intriguing引起兴趣的，有迷惑力的concurrently 同时 发生的 a fraction of一点儿；一部分 verify 一部分sophisticated 经验丰富的bypass 避开；置、、、于不顾expertise 专门知识leverage 杠杆 作用tap 开发；开辟conceal 掩盖；隐藏 perpetuate 使永久存在processing trade 加工贸易 consignment 寄售赁agency 代理domestic 国内的
对于商务英语书面语篇词汇特点解析
对于商务英语书面语篇词汇特点解析/h1 -- -- 本站首页 免费课件 免费试题 整册教案 教育资讯 计划总结 英语角 幼儿教育 文书写作 海量教案 免费论文
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对于商务英语书面语篇词汇特点解析 摘要:商务英语书面语篇具有很强的针对性和目的性,在词语选择、句法结构和篇章建构方面有自己的独特性。本文对商务英语书面语片的词汇特点进行探讨,着重分析商务英语词汇的专业性、简洁性和用词正式的特点。关键词:商务英语随着中国经济的迅速发展和全球贸易的日趋融合,中国和世界其他合国的合作和贸易往来日渐频繁。英语作为当今世界的商务通用语言,在国际商务活动中有着举足轻重的作用,涵盖了商务活动的全过程。商务活动的范围很广,涉及国际贸易、经济、金融、营销及保险等多个领域,在这些商务活动中所使用的英语都可称为商务英语。英国商务英语专家Nick Briger曾指出,商务英语包括语言知识、交际技能、专业知识、管理技能和文化意识等核心内容。可见商务英语有着英语语言的共同特征,又带有“商务”特色,它以普通英语语法和词汇为基础,又因其起所在的特定的商务环境而在词汇、句法和语篇等方面有着自己的特殊性。在长期的使用和发展过程中,商务英语形成了自己独特的文体色彩,成为为国际商务活动服务的专门用途英语(Business English)。商务英语书面语篇指商务活动中各种正式或非正式文件,包括商务信函、电传、报告、协议及合同等。商务英语属于实用文体,其书面语篇针对特定的读者,就商务开展过程中的某一具体事务进行协商与沟通,具有很强的目的性,而其最终目的就是使其商务活动顺利运作,最终达成交易并赢利。明确的目的决定了商务英语书面语篇语言清晰准确,行文简洁,用语礼貌正式的特点。商务英语在词语选择、句法结构和篇章建构方面有自己的独特性,本文拟对商务英语书面语篇中的词汇特征进行探讨。一、专业性强商务英语书面语篇的词汇具有较强的专业性。这主要表现在两个方面:第一,商务英语书面语篇中含有大量专业术语;第二,商务英语书面语篇中许多普通词汇具有特定的专业内涵。商务英语属于专门用途英语,与普通英语相比在词汇上具有较强的专业性。由于商务英语独特的行业特点,其语言形式、词汇以及内容等方
国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)-期末复习
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者 Trade surplus 贸易顺差 Quota and tariff 配额和关税 Government intervention 政府干预 Zero-sum game 零和博弈 Positive-sum game 常和博弈 The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论 The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论 Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论 Product life cycle 产品生命周期（+theory ……理论） Economies of scale 规模经济 Diminishing returns 收益递减规律 Green revolution 绿色革命 Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制 Deposit 佣金 First mover advantage 先占优势 Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒 Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论 National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势 The department of commerce 商务部 Letter of credit 信用证 Draft /bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading B/L 提单 Sight draft 即期汇票 Time draft 远期汇票 Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑（+bill …汇票） Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Countertrade 对等贸易 Barter 易货贸易 Switch trading 转手贸易 Offset 抵消 Counter purchase 互购贸易 Compensation trade 补偿贸易 Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口） Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差） It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损） Absolute Advantage 绝对优势 Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it 亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势 According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品 The Benefit（好处） of Absolute Advantage and Free Trade The Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势 The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易 1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动； the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率；the Quantity of Production 产品质量。 2. To Consumer: Welfare from Free Trade自由贸易福利: low price of imports and more consumption 低价格的进口更多的消费 Comparative Advantage比较优势 Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage suggests that countries should specialize in the production of those goods they produce most efficiently and buy goods that they produce less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries that they could produce more efficiently at home李嘉图的比较优势理论认为一个国家分工生产最有效率的产品，而从别国购买自己生产效率相对较低的产品，
国际商务英语课文电子版lesson (21)
Lesson 21 WTO and China After 15 long years of hard negotiations, China became a formal member of the World Trade Organization on Dec. 11, 2001. People may wonder whether it pays(值得be worthwhile) for China to devote such a lot of time and efforts for accession to加入the organization. So some knowledge about the WTO as well as the opportunities it provides and the challenges it poses to China is
quite necessary. The origin of the WTO can be traced back to(date back) the early post World War II years. To guard against the threat of trade wars, major trading nations sent their representatives to Havana in 1947 to create an International Trade Organization for the promotion of international trade. That objective was, however, not realized for controversy（争议）over the extensiveness of the powers of the proposed ITO（拟成立的ITO）（这一目标由于对拟成立的ITO
新编国际商务英语函电课后习题句子翻译
（五）：1、As you will see in our price list,we have offered very competitive prices,supplying you our best quality goods.We solicit that you will favor us with your orders,which shall always have our best attention.贵公司将会从我方价格表中看到，我方向贵公司提供了价廉物美的商品。敬请贵公司向我方订货，我方会精心关照。 2、We should very much like to help you in thismatter,but we have already cut our prices down to the absolute minimum.We think you will find that our competitors are offering a product of cousiderably lower quality in order to compete at this price.我们很乐意帮助你们，但是我们已将价格降到最低限度。你们将会发现：本公司的竞争者是在以大幅度降低产品质量的方式来压低价格。 3.谢谢你方3月10日来函。从信中我们获悉你方希望得到我方梅林牌罐头食品 的报盘。Thank you for your letter of March 10,form which we have learned that you hope to receive our offer for “Meiling”brand canned goods. 4..我们从贵公司8月20日来函中得知你放打算向我方订购二万公吨化肥 我们很高兴的报价如下。We have learned form your letter dated August 20 that you are going to place an order with us for 20000 metric tons of chemical fertilizers.We are pleased to quote as follows. .5.兹复你方7月8日函 我们现向你方作如下报盘 以我方最后确认为准。In reply to your letter of July 8 ,we are now making you the following offer,subject to our final confirmation. 6.供你放参考 我方价格合理 中东地区许多顾客已经接受该价格。For your reference ,our price is reasonable and a lot of customers in the Middle East have accepted the price. 7.复你方9月10日信 我们乐意向你方报盘如下 以北京时间10月15日前复 到为有效。In reply to your letter of September 10,we are pleased to make you an offer as follows,subject to your reply reaching here before October15,Beijing time. （六）:1.贵公司可能注意到了原材料价格的上涨趋势，种种迹象表明这种趋势将持续下去。在此情况下，沃恩想提醒你们，在近期内不可能再有相同的报盘。You may have observed an upward tendency in the prices of raw materials,which has every indication of being maintained.Under the circumstances,we would like to remind you that a similar offer in the near future is mosltl unlikely. （七）：我们希望向你们订购30罗红花牌手表 4月装运。这些货物选自你们2月2 日来信及产品目录。We wish to place an order with you for 30 gross”Red Flower”brand watches for April shipment .The goods have been chosen from your catalogue sent to us together with your letter of February 2. 你方6月15日订购2000公斤中国安哥拉兔毛的第P81号订单收悉。谢谢。我们欢迎你们成为我们的新客户。We thank you for your Order No.P81 dated June 15 for 2000 kilograms of Chinese Angora Rabbit Hair and welcome you as one of our new customers. 最近我们对山地自行车需求甚殷 我们不能保证新订货在6月30日之前交付。The recent exceptional demand for our mountain bicycles makes it impossible for us to promise delivery of any new orders before June 30. 我们已接受你方第FG16号订单订购货号第338号红玫瑰牌浴巾9000打。请即告知颜色搭配。并按第S-98号销售合同开立以我当为受益人的有关信用证。Your order No.FG 16for 9000dozen of “Red Rose”brand bath towels Art.No.338 has been booked.Please let us know the colour assortment at once and open the covering L/C in our favour according to Sales Contract No.S-98. 关于你方3月20 日的e-mail 我们乐意通知你方我们已接受了你方订购2500打天坛牌男
国际商务英语函电答案.doc
国际商务英语函电答案【篇一：世纪商务英语外贸函电(第二版)课后习题答案】 letter 1.at, of, with, in, for letter 2.from, into, with, of, to p40 https://www.360docs.net/doc/5d17778286.html,rming, interesting, dealing, sample, details, quality, prices, applied, items, inquiry unit 3 p55 letter 1.from, for, by, with, on letter 2.with, in, of, in, from p56 2.referring, established, cost, quality, opinion, responsibility, part, satisfied, information, decision unit 4 p71 letter 1. to, of, at, in, by letter 2.with, in, with, for, with p73 2.advertisement, leading, interested, details, dealers, line, market, replying, over, item unit 5 p88 letter 1.for, with, at, by, to letter 2.for, for, by, at, by/under p89 2.inquiring, quotation, receipt, subject, confirmation, discount, catalogue, brochure, separate, appreciate unit 6 p105 letter 1.of, on, in, with, to letter 2.of, in, by, for, at p106 2.offer, regret, price, sold, level, difference, transaction, counter-offer, samples, acceptance unit 7 p122 letter 1.to, of, of, in, for,
国际商务英语单词
Unit1 customs area visible trade invisible trade gross domestic product （GDP） portfolio investment stocks bonds certificate of deposit licensing franchising trademark patent royalty copyright licensor licensee franchiser franchisee management contract value chain contract manufacturing turnkey project BOT （Build Operate Transfer）intellectual property Unit2 national income GNP(Gross National Product） per capita income PPP(purchasing power parity) consumerism income distribution Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development infrastructure Commonwealth of Independent States staple goods creditor country ASEAN factors of production 关税区 有形贸易 无形贸易 国内生产总值证券投资 股票 债券 大额存单 许可经营 特许经营 商标 专利 专利使用费，许可使用费，版税版权 给予许可的人 接受许可的人 给予特许的人 接受特许的人 管理合同 价值链 承包生产 “交钥匙”工程 建设、经营、移交 知识产权 国民收入 国民生产总值 人均收入 购买力平价 消费，消费主义 收入分布 经济合作与发展组织 基础设施 独立国家联合体（独联体） 大路货 债权国 东南亚国家联盟 生产要素 economic integration put up barriers free trade area tariff rates quota restrictions North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) customs union common market sovereign state political entity