【英语语法】英语长难句-句子完整性讲解与练习
Sentence Fragments and Run-on Sentences
A sentence is a group of words that names something and makes a statement about what is named.
A sentence fragment is an incomplete sentence because it lacks a subject, lacks a verb, or is a dependent clause. Fragments usually begin with a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun. When sentences begin with subordinate conjunctions or relative pronouns, they must be joined to a main clause.
Fragments
Although he wanted to go to the meeting.
Whoever goes to the meeting.
Complete sentences
Although he wanted to go to the meeting, his doctor advised him to stay home.
Whoever goes to the meeting should bring back handouts for the rest of the group.
Subordinate Conjunctions: after, although, as, as if, as though, because, before, except, if, since, though, unless, until, when, whereas
Relative Pronouns: that, what, whatever, which, who, whoever, whom, whose
Run-on sentences usually occur as comma splices or fused sentences. A fused sentence occurs when independent clauses are joined with no punctuation. A comma splice occurs when only a comma joins two independent clauses.
An independent clause is a sentence. It can stand alone and make sense. A dependent clause is a fragment. It cannot stand alone and make sense.
Sentence Fragment Practice
Place a () in the left hand column if the sentence is actually a fragment.
___ 1. While they were gone to the grocery store.
___ 2. Going to Florida and to Jamaica for Spring Break.
___ 3. Before the children have to go to bed.
___ 4. They are beautiful.
___ 5. Three of us went on the retreat.
___ 6. Because she had gone to her friend's house late at night without asking for permission.
___ 7. She won't eat them.
___ 8. I don't know when she's coming back.
___ 9. Since they left early in the morning.
___ 10. Mike doesn't know.
___ 11. Don't go into that room alone.
___ 12. After you return from the store.
___ 13. Because education is important.
___ 14. We are leaving at 3:00.
___ 15. Since she was dressed in white.
___ 16. While he is planning to be in Europe for the summer.
___ 17. There is nobody to help her.
___ 18. They are running four miles every morning.
___ 19. The importance of eating a healthy diet.
___ 20. When they arrive tomorrow.
Run-on Sentence Practice
Correct the following run-on sentences by dividing them into two complete sentences. Add a period to the end of the first sentence, and capitalize the first letter in the second sentence.
She wanted to go to the movie she called to find out what time the show started. Corrected: She wanted to go to the movie. She called to find out what time the show started.
1.The red car is in the parking lot I don't know where the van and the motorcycle are.
2.She was the best student in the class all the study groups invited her to participate.
3.She found the house once she didn't think she could find it again.
4.There are four possible routes I don’t know which is the best.
5.He wanted to meet the group at the restaurant he called to find out what time to
arrive.
6.There weren't enough copies to go around we had to share the copies that were
available.
7.You finished your work early you don't have to stay.
8.She didn't want to miss her meeting she made sure she left early.
9.They were in a desperate situation they didn't know what to do.
10.The children wanted to go fishing they gathered the supplies they needed.
11.She wanted to leave right after the ceremony too many people were around.
12.She sang as loudly as she could everybody heard her.
13.There was complete silence around me I still couldn't fall asleep.
posted.
15.The cat finally fell asleep the mouse ran through the room.
16.The player attempted a final shot he won the game for the team.
17.She didn't want to go she had no choice.
18.He had written down his assignment he couldn't remember where he put that piece of
paper.
19.I was too sick to go I called and cancelled the plans.
20.I might have gone later in the day before dawn was just too early.
Run-on Sentence Practice
Correct the following run-on sentences by using a semicolon. Semicolons may be used to join independent clauses not joined by coordinating conjunctions.
She wanted to go to the movie she called to find out what time the show started. Corrected: She wanted to go to the movie; she called to find out what time the show started.
1.The red car is in the parking lot I don't know where the van and the motorcycle are.
2.She was the best student in the class all the study groups invited her to participate.
3.She found the house once she didn't think she could find it again.
4.There are four possible routes I don’t know which is the best.
5.He wanted to meet the group at the restaurant he called to find out what time to
arrive.
6.There weren't enough copies to go around we had to share the copies that were
available.
7.You finished your work early you don't have to stay.
8.She didn't want to miss her meeting she made sure she left early.
9.They were in a desperate situation they didn't know what to do.
10.The children wanted to go fishing they gathered the supplies they needed.
11.She wanted to leave right after the ceremony too many people were around.
12.She sang as loudly as she could everybody heard her.
13.There was complete silence around me I still couldn't fall asleep.
posted.
15.The cat finally fell asleep the mouse ran through the room.
16.The player attempted a final shot he won the game for the team.
17.She didn't want to go she had no choice.
18.He had written down his assignment he couldn't remember where he put that piece of
paper.
19.I was too sick to go I called and cancelled the plans.
20.I might have gone later in the day before dawn was just too early.
Run-on Sentence Practice
Correct the following run on sentences by using an appropriate coordinating conjunction and a comma. The coordinating conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so (FANBOYS).
She wanted to go to the movie she called to find out what time the show started. Corrected: She wanted to go to the movie, so she called to find out what time the show started.
1.The red car is in the parking lot I don't know where the van and the motorcycle are.
2.She was the best student in the class all the study groups invited her to participate.
3.She found the house once she didn't think she could find it again.
4.There are four possible routes I don’t know which is the best.
5.He wanted to meet the group at the restaurant he called to find out what time to
arrive.
6.There weren't enough copies to go around we had to share the copies that were
available.
7.You finished your work early you don't have to stay.
8.She didn't want to miss her meeting she made sure she left early.
9.They were in a desperate situation they didn't know what to do.
10.The children wanted to go fishing they gathered the supplies they needed.
11.She wanted to leave right after the ceremony too many people were around.
12.She sang as loudly as she could everybody heard her.
13.There was complete silence around me I still couldn't fall asleep.
14.She wanted to know her final grade she was the first one waiting for the grades to be
posted.
15.The cat finally fell asleep the mouse ran through the room.
16.The player attempted a final shot he won the game for the team.
17.She didn't want to go she had no choice.
18.He had written down his assignment he couldn't remember where he put that piece of
paper.
19.I was too sick to go I called and cancelled the plans.
20.I might have gone later in the day before dawn was just too early.
Sentence Fragments and Run-on Sentence Practice
Select the sentence from each group that is a sentence fragment or a run-on sentence.
1. A. Probably two to three hours, depending on how hard the task is.
B. The test seemed impossible, but I managed to make an A.
C. We went shopping this past weekend.
D. He wanted the blue one.
2. A. When you use the conjunctions and, for, nor, but, or, for, or, yet, so.
B. They promised to be there in time for the reception, but I expect they will be late.
C. There were four in our group.
D. Let's meet at Lucy's house, and remember to bring the soft drinks and popcorn.
3. A. Mr. Smith, along with all of his students, took his place in the auditorium.
B.The girls arrived late and left early; they only intended to make a brief
appearance.
C.It is important to spend time studying, however, rest and recreation are also
important.
D.The prosecution presented its case so well that it would be a surprise for the jury
to return a verdict of not guilty.
4. A. This position requires speaking, writing, and supervising skills.
B.The conversation took place in her office, which was cluttered with papers and
books.
C.The activity is brisk in the living room and in the kitchen while people are
searching for a place to sit.
D.This is not what I requested the color is too dark, and it's the wrong size.
5. A. After searching through a loose-leaf binder of old homework assignments, he
finally found the notes he was searching for, and he began his intense study
marathon.
B.The student entered the professor's office cautiously, and he wondered if the
professor--especially someone so distinguished as to be the department head--
could have any understanding of the stress students face.
C.Then she would be calm.
D.She looked at the cat again, who had been watching her, and the bird, which was
chirping outside the window.
6. A. He took the elevator up to the ninth floor; he was just in time for his appointment.
B.She waited a minute before dialing the phone, still wondering if she was making
the right decision.
C.The child's mother looked at him disapprovingly; he was wet, and his new clothes
were covered in mud.
D.Because there was a policy that only students of the school could check out books
from the library.
7. A. Jane watched for a moment, and then went back to work.
B.The teacher, having prepared the class for their exam.
C.She stood up and put on her jacket and hat.
D.Mary, sitting on the edge of her chair, watched to see the champion baton twirler's
fire and knife performance.
8. A. He looked old; his hair and beard were gray.
B.Because the only one in the room besides her was an old gentleman with a fragile
hand placed on each knee, whose eyes were closed as if he were asleep or dead or meditating.
C.Next to the young girl was the boy, still sleeping in the chair, and next to him was
an older man, constantly watching the clock.
D.I like the way Judge Smith runs the courtroom; she has no trouble keeping order.
9. A. His teaching position paid well; nevertheless, his graduate school tuition was a
great financial strain.
B.Please don't ask me to read I didn't bring my glasses.
C.We sang until midnight.
D.She had the correct answer.
10. A. Not wanting to appear overly ambitious.
B.Learning to play a musical instrument takes a great deal of time and patience.
C.All of the books on the list appealed to him, but he knew he would only have time
to read two during the trip.
D.This is an important presentation for anyone interested in the field.
初中英语语法——句子成分及其他
句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体，表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分，其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。 1）主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，通常用名词、代词、数词，不定式，动名词或从句担任。主语要放在句首，还可用“It”作形式主语（如主语从句） 2）谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用，必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致，通常在主语之后。 谓语可分为两大类：简单谓语和复合谓语。凡是由一个动词或短语动词构成的谓语，不管什么时态，语态，语气，都是简单谓语。复合谓语一般由两部分构成：一是带不定式的复合结构；一是带表语的复合结构。 3）表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态，可以由名词、代词，数词，形容词、副词、介词，介词短语，不定式，动词的—ed形式或动词的—ing形式或从句来担任，表语要放在连系动词之后。4）宾语是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象，由名词、代词、数词，名词化的形容词，名词化的分词，不定式，动名词，从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ①某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。这一类动词有：bring, give, pass,tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay 等。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ②在需要的情况下，间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后，但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词“ to”或“for”。 ③有些及物动词的后面，其宾语还需要有一个补足语，才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。 5）状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式，形容词短语。名词短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 6）定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词和代词的地方都可以有定语。 7）同位语是对句子的某一成分作进一步解释，说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位。同位语常常置于被说明的词的后面。可以作同位语的有名词，代词，数词和从句等。 8）句子成分巧划分：主在前，谓在中，宾状后面冲。短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连，宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。 第一讲主语 【语法讲解】 主语的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是谓语动词所表示动作的发出者。例如： 1) The question is difficult. 2) She is difficult to understand. 3) is difficult to remember. 4) To understand his words is difficult. 5) Thinking in such a noise is difficult. 6) That they will leave ahead of time is difficult. 上述的六个例句分别说明了主语的位置、特点及能够担当主语的成分。可以担当主语的有名词（例如1）、代词（例如2）、数词（例如3）、动词不定式（例如4）、动名词（例如5）和主语从句（例如6）。 注：当动词不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语动词的后面，而用it做形式主语放在谓语动词的前面。例如上述例句4还可以改写为：It is difficult to understand his words.其中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to understand his words.
中考英语语法专题训练—复合句含答案与解析
专题训练十一 复合句 1. --- Could you tell me _____ for the fruit? ---By paying over the Internet. A. how much will I pay B. how much I will pay C. how will I pay D. how I will pay 2. I don't know ______ during the summer vacation. Do you have any advice? --- How about visiting Beijing International Horticultural Expo （ 北京世界园艺博览会 ）? A. what should I do B. when should I go C. what I should do D. when I should go 3. Would you please tell me ______ ? --- It's Mr. Black's. 7. --- I wonder ______ Jane gets on so well with her classmates. --- Because she always cares much about others. A. when the robot was bought C. why the robot was made 4. Rose is wondering _______ . A. what is Matt doing C. when will Aaron leave 5. --- Dear friends, do you still rem ---To realize our dreams! A. why you came here C. how you came here B. who the robot belongs to D. which city the robot was taken to B. where has Jason gone D. who did the washing _______ three years ago? B. why did you come here D. how did you come here 6. ---I wonder _______ --- Someone who can make me a better person. A. when you often meet your friends C. who you want to make friends with B. how you make your friends happy D. where you spend weekends with friends
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属 于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外， 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先 行词。请看示例： The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语 里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first
英语语法、句式、简单句子结构(透彻分析)
LESSON ONE 句子的三种模式 导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型，注意词性和词序，以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单，但至关重要。掌握好它们，在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。 ▲主+系动词+表 注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。 1 这个人是一个老师。The man is a teacher. 主语系表语主语系表语（名词） 2 他（是）很忙。He is busy. 主语系表语主语系表语（形容词） ▲注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。 3 她（是）在教室里。She is in the classroom.
主语系表语主语系表语（介词短语） ▲定语只修饰名词，不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后，请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。 介词短语 ---英国法学家波洛克 介词短语 Happiness is a station -----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语 5 形容词介词短语 man is a teacher 介词短语形容词
6.教室里。 形容词介词短语 The teacher is handsome. My book is 表语（介词短语）定语（介词短语） She is 介词短语即可以做表语也可以做定语，虽然它们词性相同，但由于词序不同，它们所起到的作用也不同，当在is的后面是表语,跟在名词的后面它就起到定语的作用。 课堂练习 1 1是
(完整)初中英语句子种类(一)
英语中的句子可以按其作用或者按其语法结构(即句子的形式)两种标准分类。下面是具体的分类依据和结果。 (1)按其作用或使用目的，句子可分为： 陈述句：This is a truck. 这是一辆卡车。 疑问句：Is this a truck? 这是卡车吗? 祈使句：Drive the truck away. 把卡车开走。 感叹句：What a big truck it is! 多么大的卡车! 按语法结构，句子可分为：(2)简单句：I am busy. 我很忙。 并列句：I am busy washing, but he is playing Majiang with them. 我在忙着洗衣服，但他却在跟他们打麻将牌。 复合句：Although I am busy washing, he is playing Majiang with them. 尽管我在忙着洗衣服，他却在与他们一块打麻将牌。 一、陈述句:用于说明一件事，表示一种看法或表达某种心情的句子，都是陈述句。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 1肯定句 He is a middle school teacher. 他是一位中学老师。(一般现在时) She is cleaning the room. 她正在收拾屋子。(现在进行时) They have visited the museum. 他们已经参观过这所博物馆了。(现在完成时) He did a lot of washing yesterday. 他昨天洗了好多衣服。(一般过去时) They had already finished quarrelling when I came. 我来时他们已经争吵完了。(过去完成时) The meeting will begin at once. 会议马上就要开始了。(一般将来时) 2否定句 (1)使用not否定： He isn't a worker. 他不是个工人。(一般现在时) She doesn't do the cleaning every day. 她不是每天都做卫生。(一般现在时) I haven't had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早点。(现在完成时) You didn't do your homework seriously. 你没有认真地做你的作业。(一般过去时) You mustn't take her to your parents. 你千万不要把她带到你的父母那里去。(情态动词) She needn't quarrel with him. 她没必要跟他吵。(情态动词) The house won't be painted. 这所房子将不粉刷了。(被动语态将来时) She might not notice you.
初中英语复合句
初中重点语法 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条） 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式：（主句＋）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择： 若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将 代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.(我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在 哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时； 如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待： be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、 目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。 时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该 用现在时替代。如：When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可 以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。) 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会 忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。) 目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that...等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身 更早为的是赶上第一班车。) 结果状语从句通常由so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多 辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。) 比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多) 让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如：Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替 我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿 了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)
初中英语语法大全
初中英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词 动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面名词或代词与其他句子成分关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主、谓、宾、定、状、表、宾补。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你
小学英语语法----句子的种类
句子的种类 类别例句用法 陈述句肯 定 This is a bag. I like spring. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 陈述句否 定 I can’t see a bag over there. I don't know. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 疑问句一 般 Are you a student? Does she get up early? Do you like swimming? Can you speak English? 用于提出问题特 殊 when什么时间；who谁；whose谁的；where在哪里；which 哪一个；why为什么；what什么；what time什么时间；what colour什么颜色；what about……怎么样；what day星期 几；what date什么日期；what for为何目的；how怎样； how old多大岁数；how many数量多少；how much多少钱； how about……怎么样；how far多远 选 择 Is your friend a boy or a girl? 反 意 It’s a fine day, isn’t it? 祁使句肯 定 Put it here. 表示命令、建议或请求否 定 Don’t look at the noticeboard. 感叹句How smart the scarf is! What a smart scarf! How hard he studies! 表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、 厌恶或愤怒等强烈感情 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成，不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择，前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来，后两项之间用or连接，回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成，简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定，后面问句就用否定形式；陈述句部分是否定，简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不，他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的，他喜欢。
2020届中考英语语法专项训练：(十二)复合句(含答案)
(十二)复合句 Ⅰ.词汇运用。 A)用适当的引导词完成下列宾语从句。 1．She said that she wanted to stay at home. 2．Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 3．Tony asked whose handwriting was the best. 4．—I want to know whether he still lives there or not. —Sorry，I don't know，either. 5．Can you tell me what life will be like in the future? B)根据句意，用方框中所给单词填空。 who，if，although，which，when 6．If you drive，you mustn't drink wine at all. 7．Although my cousin is very young，she can help with the housework. 8．When I visited London，I met an old friend. 9．The woman who is talking with my English teacher comes from Hefei. 10．Have you found the answer to the question which I asked you this morning? Ⅱ.按要求完成句子，每空一词。 1．“Have you ever been in a hot air ballon？” Melissa asked her mom.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) Melissa asked her mom if/whether she had ever been in a hot air balloon. 2．Whose schoolbag is on the desk？Father asked.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) Father asked whose schoolbag was on the desk. 3．I won't write unless he writes first.(改为同义句) I won't write if he doesn't write first. 4．He is so fat that he can't get through the door.(改为同义句) He is such a fat man that he can't get through the door. 5．我想知道明天我们在哪里见面。(汉译英) I wonder where we__ will meet tomorrow. Ⅲ.单项选择。 (A)1.—What did your father say to you just now? —He asked me ________. A．if I enjoyed myself at the party B．that I would like to see a movie C．when I will spend my holiday D．when did I attend the graduation party (A)2.—Are you sure ________ Li Ming has flown to London? —Yes.I saw him off at the airport just now. A．that B．if C．whether D．when (B)3.—Have you decided ________ you'll go to Hainan? —Not yet.Maybe by plane. A．when B．how C．where D．whether (C)4.In the UK，a woman usually doesn't like to be asked ________. A．when did she get married B．what is her age C．how much she weighs D．where does she come from (D)5.—Could you tell me ________？ —An engineer.He works in a computer company.
初中英语语法过关――句子类型：复
初中英语语法过关一一句子类型：复合句专项练习精选50题(宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句) ()1.— Do you know if our team the match tonight? ——It is hard to say.I will tell you the result if our team. A. wins;wins B.will win;will win C.wins;will win D.will win;wins ()2.— I believe Chinese astronauts will be able to land on the moon one day. —I agree with you.But I ' m not sure we can live on it. A.that;if B.that;that C.if;that D.if;if ()3.— Are you sure Li Ming has flown to London? —Yes.I saw him off at the airport just now. A.that B.if C.whether D.when ()4.— I ' m worried about I can pass the English exam. —Don' t worry.I ' m sure you will pass it. A.if; that B.whether; that C.that; if D.that; whether ()5.— Doctor,could you tell me? —Oh,nothing serious. He just has a cold. He will be fine soon. A. that there was anything wrong with my son B. if there was anything wrong with my son C. that there is anything with my son D. if there is anything wrong with my son
初中英语语法——句子成分精讲
一、句子成分精讲 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。 Y our pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot. 常见的系动词
初中英语语法大全-句子种类
初中英语语法大全-句子的种类 按照英语句子的使用目的和用途，句子可分为四类： 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。 陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 图解语法 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法，陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 特别提示：
肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时，如句中有already，some，something，somebody等词，须分别改成yet，any，anything，anybody 等。 另外，也要注意，too改成either，both改成neither，all改成none等。 2. 疑问句
3. 常用的特殊疑问句
4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时，“will you?”意为“请求”，“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句： Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问，用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句： What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时，用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句： I'm working now, aren’t I?
中考英语语法复合句
人教版中考英语专项练习复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句为句子的主体，从句只是做句子的一个成分。根据从句在句子中的作用，可以把从句分为名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式，比较等）三类。 一.宾语从句 1.宾语从句根据引导词的不同分为三种类型 ⑴由that引导的宾语从句，其中that不做成分，可省略。 We all knew (that) we should learn from each other. ⑵由if/whether引导的宾语从句。 Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. ⑶由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office? 2.宾语从句“三关” ⑴引导词关 注意：whether与if的区别 只用whether的情况 ①在介词后面 We don`t think about whether it would rain the next day. ②在动词不定式前 They asked me whether to sit at the front. ③当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时 Mary asked whether I was
doing my homework or not at that time ④宾语从句提前时 Whether this is true or not, I can`t say ⑤在动词discuss后的宾语从句中 We discussed whether we should have a sports meeting next week. ⑥引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether The question was whether he went there last night 只用if的情况 ①引导否定概念的宾语从句时 He asked me if I had`t finished my homework ②引导条件状语从句时，if意为“如果” We`ll go hiking if it doesn`t rain tomorrow ⑵语序关 ①宾语从句若为陈述句，语序不变 ②宾语从句若为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，语序还原为陈述语序 ⑶时态关 ①如果主句是现在的时态，从句时态据实际情况而定 ②如果主句是过去某种时态，从句时态一定变为过去某时态 注意：宾语从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象时，只能用一般现在时 3.人称变化： 4.从句简化 ⑴当主句谓语动词是find, see,watch,hear等时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为省to不定式或v+ing形式
初中英语语法句子成分
句子成分精讲 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot.
经典英语语法100句
1. Education is the door to freedom. 教育是通向自由之门。[一个简单的主系结构] 2. Challenges make life interesting. 挑战使生活变得有趣。[make+…+:形容词作宾语补足语。] 3. Difficulties make life worth living. 困难让生活有价值。[make+…+介词短语：介词短语作宾语补足语。] 4. Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence. 世界上没有什么可以取代坚持。[否定词作主语。Take the place of：代替。] 5. It’s impossible to defeat a person who never gives up! 打败一个永不放弃的人是不可能的。[动词不定式作主语，“it”为形式主语。“who”引导的定语从句修饰先行词”a person”。] 6. The most important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. 生活中最重要的事情就是有一个远大的目标，并有决心实现它。[动词不定式作表语和定语。] 7. If you can dream it, you can do it. 只要你想得到，人就做得到。[“if”引导的条件状语从句。] 8. Actions speak louder than words. 行动比语言更加强大。[副词比较级] 9. Deeds are more powerful than words. 行为比言语更加强大。[形容语比较级] 10. Mistakes show us what we still need to learn. 从错误中我们知道该学什么。[“what”引导的宾语从句作直接宾语。从句中动词不定式作宾语。]
关于英语复合句的分析
关于英语复合句的分析 " 论文关键词:复合句名词性从句形容词性从句状语从句 论文摘要：英语语法中复合句是一大难点和重点。高中阶段主要是学习复合句知识以及怎样运用这些知识解决语法题和提高阅读能力。如何学好复合句对英语学习和考试有极大的决定性作用。其实复合句是简单句的扩展，只要借助简单句的句型结构分析推理出复合句的主干结构，弄清从句是何种从句，然后再根据从句相应知识点解决语法问题或理解句子。 复合句就是由主句加从句构成的。从句，指这个句子虽然能表达完整意思，但是它却是作为另一个句子（主句）的某成分而存在。主句与从句之间的关系就是，从句是主句的成分，从句可能是主语、宾语、表语、定语或者状语。两个简单句子组合成并列句需要并列词，那么主句与从句组合成复合句就需要关系词。主语从句需要的关系词与定语从句或状语从句需要的不一样，因此从句也有分类的。从句分三大类：名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 只要按步步为营的心态，解决复合句应该不会很难的。我们接触了简单句、并列句和复合句，我们怎样区别它们呢？在这里，我提出区别的标准：句子原则。 句子原则1：一个句子只能有一个谓语，谓语由动词构成。
句子原则2：如果一个句子有多个动词，只有一个是谓语动词，其它为非谓语动词。 句子原则3：如果一个句子有多个谓语，那么这个句子可能是并列句或者是复合句。如果有并列连词，就是并列句，如果没有就是复合句。以上的原则对句子分析是很有帮助的，请熟记之。 虽然我们可以根据句子原则推理出复合句，但是怎样判断究竟是主语从句还是定语从句呢？如果要判断从句，我们按照"三步骤"分析句子。下面我们分析一些例子。 1、Who will go to the conference is not important. 句子中文意思：谁将参加会议并不重要。根据句子原则3，因为没有并列连词，所以是复合句。接下来，我们必须学会判断哪个谓语是主句的谓语，哪个是从句的谓语。首先我们看到who，可是句末不是问号，所以who 应该不是引导复合句的特殊疑问词而是关系词，因此who will go to the conference 是从句。那么is 就是主句的谓语，主句的句子结构是主系表结构，is 前面就应该是句子主语。从句who will go to the conference是主语，即主语从句。 2、The question is whether we shall run out of food soon. 句子中文意思：问题是我们的食物是不是很快吃完了。根据句子原则3，因为没有并列连词，所以是复合句。接下来，我们必须判断哪个谓语是主句的谓语，哪个是从句的谓语。首先我们看到whether，我们了解到whether 是引导名词性从句的关系词，那么whether引导的句子应该是名词性从句。那么shall run out of food 就是从句的谓