牛津译林版七年级知识点汇总

牛津译林版七年级知识点汇总
牛津译林版七年级知识点汇总

初一年级

一、Be动词的用法:

重点语法

1. 动词be(am,is,are)的用法:

be动词包括―am‖, ―is‖, ―are‖三种形式。

②一人称单数(I)配合am来用。句型解析析:I am+…

②第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析:You are+…

③第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析:She(He, It) is +……

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④人称复数(we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析:We (You, They) are +……例句We are in Class 5,Grade are my are good students

二、词类

名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称

例词boy,clock,book等

冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。

例词a(an),the

代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词

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例词we,that,his,what

形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征

例词old,red,fine,good.

数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。

例词one,thirteen first

动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。

例词sit,go,be(am,is,are)

副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。

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例词not too,here,very

介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。

例词in,on,of,to,under.

连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。

例词and,or,but.

感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。

例词oh,hello,hi,er.

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二.名词以及名词的单复数变化规则(Nouns)

1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。

专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。

普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革

普通名词又可进一步分为四类

1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。

house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片

2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。

people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团

3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶

4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。

labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力

2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如: an apple two apples a car some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。sand 沙sugar 糖

有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件名词的功能

3.可数名词有单数(the Singular Nunmber)和复数(the Plural Number)两种形式。名词的复数形式(The Plural Form Nouns)的部分规则如下: {

1) 一般情况下,在词尾加-s. 例如: bags,maps,pens,desks,workers

2) 以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es.例如: buses watches boxes

3) 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s.例如: licences blouses oranges

4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es.例如: babies families

5) 名词以-f 或-fe 结尾的,把-f 或-fe 变成-ves.

bookshelves,wives,knives

4.名词复数的不规则变化

1)、child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

如:an Englishman,two Englishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

2)、单复同形如:

deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese

li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin

但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:

a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

3)、集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。

如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说

a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。

如:The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4)、以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:

a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。

b. news是不可数名词。

c. the United States,the United Nations应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.

<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5)、表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes

5.名词的所有格(The Possessive Case of Nouns) 在英语中,名词的格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。

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它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。

实际上, 主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。

The bird is in the tree. 鸟在树上。bird 作主语, 是主格。

I saw a film yesterday. 昨天我看了一场电影。film 作宾语,是宾格。名词的所有格: 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。Lu Xun's book is worth reading. 鲁迅的书值得一读。This is my father's room. 这是我父亲的房间。名词所有格的构成

单数名词加's 例词:Mike's father

以s结尾的复数名词加' 例词:the teachers' room 不以s结尾的复数名词加's 例词:men's women's

人称代词概念:人称代词用来代替表示人或事物的名词,以便不再重复使用名词

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1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语

1. My name is Millie. I live in Beijing. ( I代自己, Millie )

2. Sandy, do you know where Mr Wu is ( you代Sandy )

2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语(放在动词后面或者介词后面)

me the answer, please.(动词后面)’s go.(=let us go) (动词后面)

2. Look at him. He is funny! (介词后面)

物主代词的定义:

物主代词实际上是人称代词的所有格形式。物主代词可以分为形容词性和名词性两种。

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1.形容词性物主代词一定要后接名词(如:This is my book. 这是我的书。)

2.名词性物主代词可以独立使用,无需后接名词(如:This book is mine. 这本书是我的。)

3. 名词性物主代词,可以作主语,例如:May I use your pen Mine is broken.(mine=my pen)我可以用一用你的钢笔吗我的坏了。可以作宾语,例如:There is something wrong with my bike. Can I use yours (Yours=your bike) 我的自行车坏了,能用你的吗

四、句子的种类(Kinds of Sentences)

英语的句子按照用途可分为以下四类:

陈述句用途是用来说明事实或说话人的看法

例句:I can see a map on the wall. I think it's his.

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疑问句用途是用来提出问题.

例句:Are you Mr Green

Can you find it How old are you

祈使句用途是用来表示请求和命令.

例句: Stand up. Come in, please. Let's play games.

感叹句用途是用来表达强烈的感情.

例句:What a fine day it is! How beautiful the flowers are!

陈述句:

一陈述句(肯定句、否定句)

陈述句的否定结构:

陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达:

(1)句子的谓语动词为be , have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时,其否定结构为:主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词+ not + 其他成分

I am not a teacher. 我不是老师。

We have not (haven`t) any books on animals. 我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。

The children are not (aren`t) playing in the playground. 孩子们没在操场上玩。

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He will not (won`t) come. 他不会来。

We must not (mustn`t) forget the past. 我们不能忘记过去。

It could not (couldn`t) be lost. 它不可能丢的。

(2)当句子的谓语动词是do (即行为动词),而且没有助动词或情态动词时,其否定结构为:主语+do (does,did) + not + 动词原形+ 其他成分

You do not (don`t) come here every day . 你没有每天都来这里。

He does not (doesn`t) teach this class . 他不教这个班。

They did not(didn`t) watch TV last night . 昨晚他们没看电视。

注意:陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时,用升调,在书面上要用问号来表示。

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You really want to go to Hong Kong 你真的想去香港吗

这句话表示的是一种疑问,只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的疑问句:

疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子,句末用问号―‖。常考的疑问句有四类,即:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。

第一节一般疑问句

一般疑问句通常需要用yes 或no 来回答,所以又叫做―是非疑问句‖。在读这种句子时要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型:

1、―be + 主语+ 表语‖结构

—Are you sleepy 你困了吗—Yes, I am . 是的,我困了。

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2、―情态动词+ 主语言+ 行为动词(或be)‖结构

—May/Can I use the telephone 我能用这部电话吗—Yes, you can. 是的,可以。

3、―助动词(do, does, did)+ 主语+ 行为动词‖结构

—Do you like swimming in summer 你喜欢夏天游泳吗—No, I don`t . 不,我不喜欢。难点提示

回答否定性一般疑问句时,要在Yes 后面用肯定结构,表示肯定;在No 后面用否定结构,表示否定。注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时候,只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。

—Is he not your elder brother 他不是你的哥哥吗

—Yes, he is . 不,他是(我的哥哥)。No, he is not. 是的,他不是(我的哥哥)。

—Isn`t she very clever 她难道不是很聪明吗

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—Yes, she is. 不,她很聪明。—No, she is not . 是,她不聪明。

肯定句改一般疑问句的方法-三步法

1. 有be动词/情态动词:be动词/情态动词提到句首,其余照抄,(some改成any,my改成your)句末用问号。

2. 无be动词/情态动词,在句首加Do/Does/Did,其余照抄,(some改成any,my改成your)句末用问号。

3. 加Does、did 的句子注意,句子动词要变成原型。

例如:陈述句: They are in the park. He can play the guitar..

一般疑问句: Are they in the park Can he play the guitar

陈述句: I like the ducks. He likes the dogs.

一般疑问句:Do you like the ducks Does he like the dogs

第二节特殊疑问句

一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句,要求听到问题的人针对特定情况来做具体的回答,不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用Yes 或No 来回答,特殊疑问句要用降调来读。

二、特殊疑问句的结构:特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句

Who do English homework in the evening 谁晚上做英语家庭作业

What do you do in the evening 你晚上做什么

What homework do you do in the evening 你晚上做什么家庭作业

When do you do English homework 你什么时候做英语家庭作业

三、注意:

对人提问时who―谁‖对所属(谁的)提问用whose―谁的‖对哪一个提问用which―哪一个‖对时间提问用when―什么时候‖或what time―几点‖对物体提问用what―什么‖对地点提问用where―哪里‖对原因提问用why―为什么‖对方式提问用how―怎么样‖对数量提问用how many―多少‖(用于可数名词复数)或how much―多少‖(用于不可数名词)

四、难点提示1、以why开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。Why don`t you have a try 你为什么不试试呢

2、特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式,在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。I don`t want to go there. How about you 我不想去那儿,你呢But what else 可是还有什么呢

第三节选择疑问句

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第四节反义疑问句

祈使句:

祈使句

定义:祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。它的特点是通常省略主语you,以动词原形开头,末尾可用句号或感叹号。祈使句没有疑问句的形式,一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。

Go and wash your hands. (表命令)

Be quite, please. (Please be quiet.)(表请求)

Be kind to your sister.(表劝告)

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Watch your steps.(表警告)

No parking. (表禁止)

肯定形式(动词原形开头)

1)以系动词be开头的祈使句,这种祈使句的常用结构:

be+形容词/ 名词Be quiet / quick! Be a good student!

Be careful when crossing the street.

以实义动词开头的祈使句,这种祈使句的常用结构为:

动词原形+宾语(+其他)。Come in, please!Please open your books!

let型(Let+宾语+动词原形+其他)

Let him do it by himself. Let me help you. Let’s go to the park.

否定形式(一般在动词上否定,也可以用否定副词(never)来表示)

1)be型(Don’t be +其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语))

Don’t be careless! Never be late again next time!

注意:①在这种句型中,be不能省略②否定副词not不可置于be之后

2)do型(Don’t +动词原形+其他)

Don’t believe him! Don’t worry! Never do it again!

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3)Let引起的祈使句有两种否定形式

a. Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他

Let her not do that.

Let’s not think about it.

b. Don’t+ let+宾语+动词原形+其他

Don’t let Jim do that.

Don’t let us go, please.

4) 在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/ V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。例如:NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!No parking!

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祈使句的反意问句

祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分,通常有以下三种形式:

1).祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用won’t you。例如:

Be sure to write to us, will you

你一定要给我们写信,好吗

Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you

今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗

2).祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you。

例如:Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you

不要在会议室抽烟,好吗

3). Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Let’s用shall we外,其它均用will you。例如:

Let the boy go first, will you 让个那男孩先走,好吗

Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we 晚饭后我们去散步,好吗

5.祈使句的回答

祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或won’t。

在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:

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1) 形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致)

2) 意思相反(即Yes是“不”的意思;No是“是”的意思)。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如:

--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。

---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.

不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。

感叹句(略)

感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由what 或how 引导。"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。感叹句往后看形容词后是名单就用what a 或what an 形后若是不可数或名复数只用what就可以形容词后乱糟糟只写how就OK了

一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。

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1).________ difficult homework we had yesterday! 2).________cute dog

it is!

3).________ interesting the story is!

4).________ bad the weather in England is! 5).________ honest boy Tom is !

6).________ tasty smell the cake gave off!

7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday!

8).________ exciting news you've brought us!

9).________cool your new car is! 10).________ scary these tigers are!

二、选择填空。

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1. _______ fast the boy ran!

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!

A. How, how

B. What, what

C. How, what

D. What, how

3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. Wha t an

4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said.

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. W hat an

5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

6. _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them.

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. W hat an

7. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her!

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

8. _______ lovely weather we are having these days!

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. What an

9. _______ beautiful your new dress is!

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. W hat an

10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children!

A. How

B. How an

C. What

D. W hat an

三、所给句子填空,使填空句变为相应的感叹句:

1. The boy swam very fast.(同义句)

_______ _______ the boy swam!

2. The school trip is very exciting. (同义句)

_____ ______ the school trip is!

3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter. (同义句)

_______ _______ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!

4. It is a very useful dictionary. (同义句)

_______ _______ _______ dictionary it is! _______ _______ _______ dict ionary is!

5. The students are listening very carefully. ________ ________ the s tudents are listening!

There be 句型

There be”句型:

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定义:There be 结构主要用以表达“某地有某人(某物)”。

其基本句型为“There be + 某物或某人(主语) + 某地”。

be动词的选择:There be 结构中的谓语动词be(is / are)在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is ;主语是复数时用are。具体结构:

(1) There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.

There is a desk in the classroom. 在教室里有一张桌子。

(2) There are + 复数名词+ 地点状语.

There are 5 apples in the box. 盒子里有五个苹果。

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句型变化:

(1)、否定句:there be的否定式通常在be后加not。

. There is a bike under the tree. 树下有一辆自行车。

There isn't a bike under the tree.

There are 2 little girls in the room.在房间里有两个小女孩。

There aren't 2 little girls in the room.

(2)、一般疑问句及其答语:

一般疑问句:把be动词提前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。

回答时,“用什么问,就用什么答”,用Is / Are there来提问,就用there is / are 来回答。

肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't. There are two cats in the tree.树上有两只猫。

Are there two cats in the tree

Yes, there are. No, there aren't

There is a new bed and an old desk in the room .

否定句一般疑问句

"

否定回答

some和any在“there be”句型中的用法:

some 一些(some用于肯定句)

any 一些(any用于否定句和一般疑问句)

注意:There be句型在变成否定句或一般疑问句时,要注意把句中的some变成any。There is some water in the bottle .在瓶子里有一些水。

There isn't any water in the bottle.(否定句)

Is there any water in the bottle(一般疑问句)

1. -- Are there _____ shops near here

-- No, there are _____ shops near here.

A. some, not

B. some, any

C. any, not

D. any, no

2.There are some tables on the floor.(变为否定句)

就近原则:

there是个近视眼。若句子中有几个并列的主语时, be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。

There is a pen, two pencils and some books on the desk.

书桌上有一支钢笔、两支铅笔和一些书。

.There some books,two pencils and a pen on the desk.

书桌上有一些书、两支铅笔和一支钢笔。

There milk and eggs on the table .

在桌子上有牛奶和鸡蛋。

There eggs and milk on the table.

there be”和“have”的区别

There be表示“存在有”;have(has)表示“所属有”。他们都翻译为“有”,但具体用法不

相同,且两种结构不能同时合用。

I have a book .我有一本书。

(注:书归我所有,我是书的主人。→所属有)

There is a book on the desk .在桌子上有一本书。

(注:书只是存在于桌子上,但书不属于桌子所有。→存在有)There be 句型的时态:

There be 句型没有语态形式, 但是却有比较复杂的时态形式, 以及可以表达不同的情态语境,请看下面的例句:

There will be a class meeting this afternoon. (一般将来时)

今天下午有班会。

There was a football match in our school yesterday. (一般过去时)

昨天我们学校有一场足球赛。

一般现在时:

一般现在时:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。

标志时间词:often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,every每个,sometimes 有时,at …在几点钟

只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。

三单变化:1.多数在动词后+s play — plays like — likes

(1)直接在动词词尾加-s.

ask---asks work---works get---gets stay---stays

(2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es.

watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does go---goes pass---passes

(3)以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es.

try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies

2.不规则变化:

be---- is are have----has

~

一般现在时用法

1. 表示经常性,习惯性,永久性的动作或存在的状态.通常与sometimes, often, usually, always, every day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day,等时间状语连用。

They usually go to school by bike.

I take the medicine three times a day.

She helps her mother once a week.

Mary’s father is a policeman.

There are 50 students in my class.

2. 表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.

The man who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man.

Tomorrow is Tuesday.

一般现在时的句子转换:

(1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.

例:①陈述句:She is a student.

疑问句→ Is she a student

否定句→ She is not a student.

②陈述句:I can swim.

疑问句→ Can you swim

否定句→ I can not swim.

(2)当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I,you,以及复数), doesn’t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。

例:①陈述句:We get up at 7:00 every morning.

疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?

否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning.

②陈述句:She has a little brother.

疑问句→ Does she have a little brother?

否定句→ She doesn’t have a little brother.

!

现在进行时:

一、概念

现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作.

结构:助动词be ( am / is / are ) +动词的ing形式.

二、动词ing的构成

1.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing.

如: carry-carrying, catch-catching, drink-drinking, enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying ,do-doing , read-reading , think-thinking

2. 如果动词以不发音-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,

come-coming , have-having , make-making, ride-riding ,write-writing, take-taking, use-using.

3. 如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时,将此辅音字母双写,再加-ing 如:hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting.

4. 如果动词有两个音节,且重音在第二个音节上,则末尾的辅音字母须双写,再加-ing, 如: for’get-forgetting,pre’fer-preferring,up’set-upsetting.

试比较’benefit/benfiting,’differ/differi t/profiting,这些词的重音在第一个音节上,因此其末尾的辅音字母不双写.

5. 以-ic 结尾的动词,应先把-ic 变为-ick,再加-ing,eg: panic/panicking,picnic/picnicking,但lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊变化要记住.

三、句型结构

1.现在进行时的肯定形式、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答,所有变化都体现在助动词be ( is / am / are ) 上.

1)现在进行时的肯定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分

I am singing . They are writing .

2)现在进行时的否定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分

I am not singing . They aren’t writing .

3)一般疑问句及回答:be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分

Am I singing Yes ,you are . / No ,you aren’t .

Are they writing Yes ,they are . / No ,they aren’t .

4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分

What are you doing We are playing (要求就提问内容具体回答).

2. 缩写形式如下:

I am---I’m You are---You’re He is---He’s She is---She’s

It is---It’s We are---We’re They are---They’re

3.说明: 不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如:

see、like、want、know 等动词往往都不用进行时态.

四.用法

1.表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情.往往与now,at the moment,just 等副词连用,以示强调.

We are waiting for you. What are you doing Some one’s knocking at the door.2.正在进行着的动作可视为未完成的动作:

He’s talking to his friends in the classroom.

可用still 一词强调动作的持续性

He’s still talkin g to his friends in the classroom.

3. 表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行.

Mr. Black is writing another article.

Don’t take that book away. Your father’s using it.

She is learning piano under Mr. Black.

4.现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况:

What’s your brother doing these days He’s studying English at Oxford University.

5.现在进行时也可以用来表示当前的动向:

People are becoming more and more beautiful these days.

6. 表示渐变的动词有:become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等.

The leaves are turning brown.

It’s getting colder and colder.

7.与always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩.

You are always changing your mind.

8. 现在进行时(以及be going to)可以表示为将来安排好的活动和事件We’re spending next winter in China. 用arrive,come,go,leave 等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排,也通常有“将到达”和“将离去”的意思:He’s arriving tomorrow morning.

9.当现在进行时表示某事发生的次数过多时,则有时含有抱怨,讨厌,赞扬等的意思:

He is always singing at night,and we can’t fall asleep late at night.、

一般过去时:

一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。

基本结构:1、主语+谓语(动词过去式)+句子其他成分;2、主语+was/were+形容词/名词/介词短语+过去时间;

否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。

注意:常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last night,in+过去的年份,two days ago,before等

动词变化

一般情况:+ed 例work—— worked look——looked

以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i+ed 例study—— studied carry——carried

以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后的辅音字母+ed 例:stop——stopped plan——planned

特殊情况不规则例如:have---had are---were get---got say---said feel---felt do/does---did is---was go---went

rink--drank eat--ate bring----brought think----thought buy----bought catch---- caught teach ---- taught sit----sat wear----wore cut----cut sweep----swept sleep ——slept become----became

一般将来时:

一.一般将来时的定义:-表:将来某一个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作.

二.一般将来时的时间标志:

tomorrow(明天),

the day after tomorrow(后天)

next year(明年)

next month(下一个月)

next week(下一个星期)

三.一般将来时的构成:

1.主语+be(am,is,are) going to+动词原形+......

例如:(1).I am going to play football tomorrow.明天我将要踢足球.

(2).She is going to watch a movie the day after t omorrow.后天她要看一场电影.

一般将来时的式:

1.肯定句:

(1)..主语+be(am,is,are) going to+动词原形+......

2.否定句:

(1)..主语+be(am,is,are) not going to+动词原形+......

例如:(A): I am not going to play basketball tomorrow. 明天我不将踢足球.

(B). She is not/isn't going to visit Shanghai next yea r. 明年她不将参观上海.

2.一般疑问句:

(1).Am/Is,Are+主语+going to+动词原形+....

例如(A). --Am I going to see my grandfather tomorrow

--Yes,you are.

(B).-- Are you going to listening to the tape tomo rrow

---No,I am not.

(C). --Is she going to Beijing next year

--Yes,she is.

3.特殊疑问句:

(1).What(Where,How...)+be(am,is,are)+主语+going to+动词原形+...

例如:(A).--What are you going to do tomorrow

--I'm going to the park

(B).--Where are you going to swim

--I'm going to swim in the river.

五.补充说明:

1.有些词如:go(去),come(来),leave(离开),start(开始)用现在进行时表示将来时.

例如:(1)She is coming here tomorrow.

(2).When are you leaving here

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