2020年高考英语全国卷语法填空答案详解及考点分布规律总结

2020年高考英语全国卷语法填空答案详解及考点分布规律总结

一.语法填空试题及答案详解

(一) 2020年高考英语全国卷I语法填空及答案详解

（全国卷I适用地区：安徽、湖北、福建、湖南、山西、河北、江西、广东、河南）

请看试题：

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 _ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct)＂Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.

请看译文：

中国已经成为第一个登上月球背面的国家。无人驾驶嫦娥四号探测器——这个名字的灵感来源中国古代月亮女神，于上周在南极艾特肯盆地降落。在月球的背面着陆是非常有挑战性的。由于月球自身阻挡了与探测器的直接无线电通信信号，中国不得不首先将卫星送入月球上方轨道上的一个点，在那里它可以向航天器和地球发送信号。科学家们对月球的背面特别感兴趣，因为它有很多深的环形山，比我们熟悉的月球正面更感兴趣。中国研究人员希望

利用嫦娥四号飞船上的仪器来探寻和研究南极艾特肯盆地的地域。“这真的让科学家们很兴奋，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说，“因为这意味着我们有机会获得关于月球构造的信息”。关于月球成份的数据，比如它含有多少冰和其他宝藏，有助于中国决定其未来把月球作为基地的计划是否可行。

请看答案及详解：

这是一篇科技类说明文。中国已经成为第一个登上月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人驾驶嫦娥四号探测器发射的意义。

61. touched 考查谓语动词时态。“The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess touched down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 无人驾驶嫦娥四号探测器—这个名字的灵感来源中国古代月亮女神，于上周在南极艾特肯盆地降落。”句中“- the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess”是同位语，该句的主要结构为“The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe touched down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.”因此,该空格为谓语部分，根据时间状语last week，可知用一般过去时。

62. extremely 考查副词的正确使用。“Landing on the moon’s far side is extremely challenging. 在月球的背面着陆是非常有挑战性的。”修饰形容词challenging用副词extremely。

63. where考查定语从句。“Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 由于月球自身阻挡了与探测器的直接无线电通信信号，中国不得不首先将卫星送入月球上方轨道上的一个点，在那里它可以向航天器和地球发送信号。”分析句子可知，空格处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，还原到定语从句中为：it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth in the spot.先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，因此引导词用关系副词where。

64. interest 考查词性转换。“The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists 科学家们对月球的背面特别感兴趣“。be of interest 是固定用法，介词of 之后要用名词 interest 。

65. than 考查比较状语从句。“The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters, more so than the familiar near side. 科学家们对月球的背面特别感兴趣，因为它有很多深的环形山，比我们熟悉的月球正面更感兴趣。”句中so 指代上句中的“be of interest to scientists”，“more so than the familiar near side”相当于“be of more interest to scientists than the familiar near side”，也就是说“The far side of the moon is of more interest to scientists than the familiar near side. 月球的背面比月球的正面更令科学家感兴趣”。

66. to find 考查非谓语动词。“Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号飞船上的仪器来探寻和研究南极艾特肯盆地的地域。”动词不定式to find作目的

状语。

67. means 考查谓语动词时态。＂This really excites scientists,＂Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed. “这真的让科学家们很兴奋，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说，“因为这意味着我们有机会获得关于月球构造的信息”。句中because 引导原因状语从句，因此,该空格为谓语部分，根据上文时态，可知用一般现在时。

68. is constructed 考查谓语动词的时态和语态。＂because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed. 因为这意味着我们有机会获得关于月球构造的信息”。句中how引导宾语从句，因此,该空格为谓语部分，根据上文时态以及句意“月球被构造”，可知用一般现在时的被动语态形式。

69. much考查名词的修饰词。“Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar base are practical. 关于月球成份的数据，比如它含有多少冰和其他宝藏，有助于中国决定其未来把月球作为基地的计划是否可行。”修饰不可数名词ice用much。

70. its 考查形容词性的物主代词。“whether its plans for a future lunar base are practical. 未来把月球作为基地的计划是否可行。”修饰名词plans用形容词性的物主代词its。(二)2020年高考英语全国卷II语法填空及答案详解

（全国卷II适用地区：重庆、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、海南）

请看试题：

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:

Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

Ba mboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their

homes and offices. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.

Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70 first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.

请看译文：

中国新年用植物、水果和鲜花装饰

中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始的节日。这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。它们代表着大地复苏以及对新开端的祝福。

这些在很多地方都是受欢迎的：

橘子：橘子树不仅仅是装饰品，它是好运和财富的象征。它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们用红包和祝福语来装饰。

竹子：中国人喜欢他们的“幸运竹”植物，你会经常在家里和办公室里看到它们，当然，在节日期间这种植物是必需品。竹子与健康、富足和幸福家庭联系在一起，它们很容易照料，也很适合作为礼物。

梅花：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，成为美妙的装饰。雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。它们代表着春天和新生活的希望。

请看答案及详解：

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。

61. celebration 考查词性转换。“Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。”不定冠词a后接名词形式，故填celebration。

62. carries 考查谓语动词及主谓一致。“This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance. 这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。”这是why引导的表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式，故填carries。

63. coming 考查非谓语动词。“They represent the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。”句中谓语动词为represent，所以该空格用动名词做宾语，the earth coming back to life是动名词的复合结构，相当于the earth’s coming back to life,作represent的宾语，和and best wishes for new beginnings是并列宾语。

64. than 考查固定短语。“Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. 橘子树不仅仅是装饰品，它是好运和财富的象征。”more than修饰名词，表示“不仅仅，不只是”。

65. decorated 考查非谓语动词。“They make great gifs and you see them many times decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们用红包和祝福语来装饰。”句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。

66. Certainly 考查词性转换。“Certainly during the holiday period, this plant is a must.当然，在节日期间这种植物是必需品。”修饰句子要用副词形式做状语。

67. with考查介词。“Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home.竹子与健康、富足和幸福家庭联系在一起。”be associated with与……相联系。

68. to care 考查非谓语动词。“They are easy to care for and make great presents.它们很容易照料，也很适合作为礼物。”这里考查“be +形容词+ to d o”结构，在“系表结构”后，用动词不定式做状语。

69. beautiful 考查词性转换。“The beautiful long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，成为美妙的装饰。”修饰名词branches，用形容词形式作定语，故填beautiful。

70. the 考查冠词。“The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。”序数词first前要加定冠词the，表示“第一个”。

(三)2020年高考英语全国卷Ⅲ语法填空及答案详解

（全国卷Ⅲ适用地区：云南、广西、贵州、四川、西藏等地区）

请看试题：

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In ancient China lived an artist. 61 paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would. 63 (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.

Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out

67 (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.

请看译文：

在古代中国有一位艺术家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。这位艺术家的声誉使他感到骄傲。有一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他从中挑选最好的(画家)。这个画家确信他会被选中，但当他把他的杰作呈献给皇帝的首席大臣时，老臣笑了。这位聪明的老人告诉他去漓江旅行—也许他可以向世界上最伟大的艺术家学到点东西。

艺术家满怀好奇，收拾好行囊离开了。当他问江岸上的村民在哪里可以找到这位传奇画家时,他们微笑着指向江边。第二天早上，他租了一艘船，出发去找那位著名的画家。当小船在河边缓缓地移动，山峦静静地倒映在水面上，他说不出话来。他走过乳白色的瀑布和深蓝的群山。当他看到从河里升起的薄雾和环绕山顶的轻云时，他不禁泪流满面。最终，地球上最伟大的艺术家，自然母亲，让这位艺术家感到谦卑。

请看答案及详解：

本文是一篇寓言故事，旨在告诉我们有很多东西要向大自然学习,最重要的是谦卑。61. whose考査定语从句的引导词。“In ancient China lived an artist.，whose paintings were almost lifelike. 在古代中国有一位艺术家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。”关系代词whose引导定语从句，先行词artist还原到定语从句中为：the artist’s paintings were almost lifelike. 因此，用关系代词whose作定语，修饰paintings。

62. finest 考查形容词最高级。“One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest work, so that he could choose the best. 有一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他从中挑选最好的(画家)。”由空格后面的the best可知,空格处也应该填fine 的最高级。

63. be chosen 考查时态和语态。“The artist was sure he would be chosen, but when he

presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 这个画家确信他会被选中，但当他把他的杰作呈献给皇帝的首席大臣时，老臣笑了。”主语he和动词choose构成被动关系，需用被动语态，情态动词+be done，表被动。

64. curiosity考查词性转换。“Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. 艺术家满怀好奇，收拾好行囊离开了。”空格中所填单词在句中作介词with的宾语,故用curious 的名词形式curiosity。

65.When/As 考查状语从句的引导词。“When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.当他问江岸上的村民在哪里可以找到这位传奇画家时,他们微笑着指向江边。”分析句子结构可知,这是一个主从复合句,逗号前面为时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，故用When或As引导。

66 pointed考查谓语动词的时态。“they smiled and pointed down the river.他们微笑着指向江边。”and是并列连词,在句中连接两个并列谓语,两个谓语时态要一致，由句中smiled可知, point也应该用一般过去时。

67. to find 考查非谓语动词。“The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter. 第二天早上，他租了一艘船，出发去找那位著名的画家。”to find the well- known painter.是不定式短语作目的状语。

68. gently 考查词性转换。“As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 当小船在河边缓缓地移动，山峦静静地倒映在水面上，他说不出话来。”空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词moved,需用gentle的副词形式gently。

69. surrounding 考查非谓语动词。“And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 当他看到从河里升起的薄雾和环绕山顶的轻云时，他不禁泪流满面。”surrounding the mountain tops是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰the soft clouds, surround与逻辑主语the soft clouds之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词。

70.on 考查介词。“The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature. 最终，地球上最伟大的艺术家，自然母亲，让这位艺术家感到谦卑。”on earth 是固定搭配,意思是“在地球上。

二．考点分布表：

三.考点分布规律总结：

根据考点分布表可以看出2020年全国卷语法填空题的高频考点主要集中在冠词、介词、

连词、名词、动词、形容词这几个方面，而且各个考点重点考查的角度不同：

（一）纯空格题的高频考点是：冠词、介词和连词

1.冠词：主要考查冠词在固定搭配中的用法以及基本用法

2.介词：主要考查介词的基本用法以及习惯搭配用法

3.连词：主要考查定语从句的引导词和状语从句的引导词。名词性从句的引导词和并列连词

没考。

（二）有提示词的高频考点是：动词、形容词和名词

1.动词：主要考查动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词以及词性转换

2.形容词：主要考查形容词和副词的正确使用以及比较等级

3.名词：主要考查词性转换，单复数没考。

总之，2020年全国卷I语法填空题有一定的难。首先，语篇是科技文，句式结构复杂，不容易读懂。其次，有几个题目较难。尤其是第65题，more so than the familiar near side. 如果考生看不出句中so指代上句中的“be of interest to scientists”，很难找到解题思路，很容易做错。还有第63题，“Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 该句句式结构复杂，句意难懂，考生没读懂句子，根本判断不出是定语从句。整体来看，2020年全国卷I语法填空题目不容易得高分。

2020年高考英语全国卷II和卷Ⅲ语法填空题目不是很难，语篇内容贴近生活，文章不难理解。考点也很常规，主要集中在冠词、介词、连词、动词、名词、形容词等这几个方面。