英美文学基础作业 sonnet 18
英美文学欣赏考题整编及答案解析
英美⽂学欣赏考题整编及答案解析Part One：English Poetry1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer’s day And who could `thee` beBecause summer’s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love.What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain whyWarm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May.How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first lineThee is more beautiful than summer.What makes the poet think that “thou”can be more fair than summer and immortalBecause humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal.What figures of speech are used in this poemSimile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on .What is the theme of the poemLove conquers all, Beauty lives on.2. Thomas Nashe SpringRead the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearingwords, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images.There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!”The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people’s relationship.Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poemIn the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [i : ].3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding MourningWhat is a “valediction”any way Is the speaker in the poemabout to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning?No, it is about the lovers’separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife’s love is sacred, he didn’t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.In the first verse, the poet used virtuous men’s death metaphor for lovers’separation, in the third verse he used “moving of the earth”and “trepidation of the spheres”metaphor for lovers’separation and the result of separation, in the last three verse he used stiff twin compasses’two legs metaphor for poet himself and his wife. All these metaphors show poet opinion that he will separate from his wife in peace, their love is a scared love, when they away from each other, they will not be hurt by the painof the separation. He and his wife will not really separate. They care about each other and listen to the other one’s heart, their trust and loyalty makes their love perfect like the circle made by a twin compasses.4.William Blake The TigerWhat is the symbolic meaning of the tigerThe symbol of the Tiger is unclear what it exactly symbolizes, but scholars have hypothesized that the Tiger could be inspiration, thedivine, artistic creation, history, the sublime, or vision itself. The list is almost infinite. The point is, the Tiger is important, and Blake’s poem barely limits the possibilities. Here are two major symbolisms:The tiger is the embodiment of God's power in creation.The tiger shows the force of French Revolution.What paradox can you find in the poem"Did he who made the Lamb make thee?" It challenges the one-track religious views of the 18’s century. The view only concluded that god create the lame, he is so kind a father. But it didn’t know god also create the tough tiger. He can also be very serious. The god is someone who can’t be truly understood by human beings.5.Robert Burns A Red, Red RoseHow dose the narrator in the love song express his loveIn stanza 1, the narrator presents two similes, the first comparing his love to a rose and the second comparing his love to a melody.In stanza 2, the narrator addresses the young lady as bonnie. In the last line of the stanza, he presents hyperbole, a figure of speech that exaggerates.In stanza 3, the man promises eternal love for her.In stanza 4, the poet vows to love her however far he may go.Why is this poem so touching to the readersBecause this poem professes the poet’s true love for his beloved girl, and uses the mentioned above to touch the readers. 6.William Wordsw orth I Wandered Lonely as a CloudWhat does the poet seeHe sees some daffodils.What is the poet’s mood before he sees the daffodilsVacant and pensive.What is the poet’s mood after he sees the daffodilsHe is very pleasant.How does the magical change occurThose daffodils show a fantastic picture to the poet, and the poet has been deeply affected by the scene, and his mood changes.What is the theme of the poem Or what does the poet want to tell youIt shows the beauty of nature, and the nature’s beauty uplifts the human spirit, and the harmony between human and nature.7.Robert Browning My Last Duchess1. In this poem, who and on what occasion is speaking to whomThe Duke is the speaker of the poem, and tells us he is entertaining an emissary who has come to negotiate the Duke’smarriage (hehas recently been widowed) to the daughter of another powerful family.What sort of person is the Duke’s last DuchessShe is kind, easy-going, innocent and lively.And what became of her in the endShe became very upset and worrying. The duchess died under suspicious circumstances on April 21, 1561, just two years after he married her. She may have been poisoned.2. What sort of person is the DukeHe is outrageously arrogant, narrow-minded, selfish, hypocritical, cold-blooded, crucial, greedy and treacherous.8.Walt Whitman O Captain! My Captain!Q:Walt Whitman’s poem “O Captain! My Captain!”is written in the form of an allegory. What is the overall connotative meaning in the poem?A: Ship’s implied meaning is America; My captain’implied meaning is Abraham Lincoln who leaded America to triumph in American Civil War then; our fearful trip’s implied meaning is American Civil War after which Lincoln was assassinated. In this poem author spoken highly of Lincoln’contribution and expressed his sorrow for Lincoln’death.9.Emily Dickinson (1)Success is counted sweetest (67)According to the poem, who can understand success most Do you agree or not with the poet’s view that “Success is counted sweetest by those who ne’er succeed”?The person who best understands the meaning of success is the person who failsWhat sort of feelings does the poet show toward the victor and the defeatedThe poet shows her awareness of the complicated truths of human desire. Success can be comprehended by someone who need it;the defeated, dying man understand victory more clearly than the victorious army does.(2)Because I could not stop for Death (712)How many people are there in the carriage And where are they going right nowThere are three in the carriage, the Poet, Death, and Immortality. ?Where did they pass? What can these places remind us of?They passed the school, the fields of Gazing grain, the Setting Sun. It reminds us of childhood, maturity and old age, the children are evident symbols of the beginning of things, the grain rip of the adulthood, and the sun setting of the rest of the days.What is the poet’s attitude toward death and life implied in the poemThe poet’s attitude is that death is nothing to be forced since it is natural part of the endless cycle of nature, it’s only the beginning ;to die is to go on another journey, although death takes one away from the earthy world ;there is still something to look forward to when one dies, death means eternity.10.Robert Frost Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningWhy did the speaker stopLiterally he was fascinated by the beautiful night scene and stoped his horse to watch the woods fill up with the snow,it was also a little break for the long travel. But in fact,it's symbolism,the 'woods' stands for the nature,the 'village' stands for the human world, 'horse' for the animal world. The poem represents a moment of relaxation from the burdensome journey of life, an almost aesthetic enjoyment and appreciation of natural beauty which is wholesome and restorative against the chaotic existence of modern man.Why did he later decide to goAs the last sentence said 'But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep.'His 'horse' shake the bell to ask if they should go,which is actuallya symbol of vitality, urges him to go. He lives in the real life, and hehas his own obligation "promise to keep',he hasn't achieve it, so hemust go on his trip,leave the beautiful scene.Though the scene is so amazing,he has to have the real life. Though the real life is so hard,he must back to it,and reach his goal. One leaves no regrets after he dies, as long as one has reached his goal. What is your understanding of “promises to keep”“The promise”could be an obligation or a goal. One cannot die before fulfilling one’s dream. The poet uses “sleep”to represent death, just as we usually do. People have their own dream or goal,it's also the duty for us to finish, we live for ourselves and we make life wonderful by keeping on reaching our goal,no regrets leaves as long as we have reached our goals.11. Ezra Pound In a Station of the MetroPart Two: English Fiction12. Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s TravelsIn this chapter, Swift describes the smallness of the Lilliputians.What does this “smallness”imply in the author’s satire of the aristocratic bourgeois society of the time?Key: The Lilliput scene depicted in the first volume of the novel is a microcosm of the British Empire. The perennial endless struggle between UK Tories and Whigs and external war are essentially just politicians intrigue in the section has nothing to do with the national economy and the people's livelihood. The “smallness”imply that …What is the cause of the civil strife and war between Lilliput and the neighbouring empire of Blefuscu? What is the target of the author’s satire?(1)Key: The parties are divided as high-heeled party and low-heeledparty according to the height of the heel. The relationship between parties is irreconcilable; Neighboring countries not only want to conquer and enslave the other, but also argue about trifles such as which head we should knock when we will eat eggs .(2) Key: The author uses irony and innuendo tactics to reflect the British social contradictions among first half of the 18th century, to criticize the British parliamentary politics and reactionary religious forces, to expose the corruption and evil of the ruling clique, and to criticize the hazards of a war of aggression and colonialism.13Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice1.Do you agree with the statement “it is truth universallyacknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”? What is the relationship between money and marriage?Key: (1) I agree with this statement. In my view, a bachelor who has lots of money is supposed to have a wife to company him. The amount of money demonstrates the ability of a person. The beauties and the wits should come together.(2) First, the relationship between marriage and money is very close; we can say that the money is the basis of marriage. This is just from the material conditions of life. However, the amount of money can’t measure the quality of marriage. A determinant of marriage is the couple's feelings, and if the lack of the feelings, life is not a happy marriage even though has more money.2.What do you think of Mrs. Bennet? How can you characterize her? Key: (1) Mrs. Bennet - a foolish, noisy woman whose only goal in life is to see her daughters married. Because of her low breeding and often unbecoming behavior, Mrs. Bennet often repels the very suitors whom she tries to attract for her daughters.(2) Mrs. Bennet is a miraculously tiresome character, who is noisy and foolish. And Mrs. Bennet is totally obedient and submissive in her marriage. Mrs. Bennet is a self-centered woman with the attitude that what is good enough for her is good enough for her children.14. Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights1.What is the main plot of the whole novel? What causes the tragicending of the love between Heathcliff and Catherine? Would it have been possible, under the circumstances, for the victimized lovers to find a way out?Key: Novel’s theme is vengeance. Katherine's character flaws is the root causes of the tragedy, Heathcliff to lost love human distortion conducteda series of revenge activities, the capitalist society for the generation of tragedy provides fertile soil. If Heathcliff get marry with Katherine, they’ll be happiness.2.Is Heathcliff’s revenge upon the Earnshaw and Linton familiesjustifiable? What is the author’s attitude toward Heathcliff, judging from the final futility of the revenge?Key: For the vengeance of the people is right .but it’s wrong in law. It’s love, but Heathcliff’s love is crazy.15. Kate Chopin The Story of an HourWhat kind of character is Louise MallardKey: Mrs. Mallard is a sympathetic character with strength and insight.What are the themes of this short storyKey: It’s mainly about the awakening of feminine awareness and the fruitless struggle of women for freedom in a man-centered world. It is about marriage bondages and celibacy freedom.What do “heart trouble”and “the open window”symbolize Key: (1) heart trouble symbolizes(2) the open window symbolizes16. Earnest Hemingway Hills like White Elephants1. What is a “white elephant ”according to the dictionary definition What does a “white elephant”symbolize in the story (1) Key: a: a property requiring much care and expense and yieldinglittle profitb : an object no longer of value to its owner but of value toothersc : something of little or no value(2)Key: The woman is pregnant, and the White Elephant is a hint ofthe body of the women. The fact that the two. This matter becomes a heavy burden for the two people.2. List the evidence that tells what kind of operation Jig is confronting. How risky is it physically and emotionally (1) evidence:1. 'It's really an awfully simple operation, Jig,' the man said. 'It's notreally an operation at all.'2. 'I know you wouldn't mind it, Jig. It's really not anything. It's justto let the air in.'3. 'They just let the air in and then it's all perfectly natural.'4. 'I know we will. Yon don't have to be afraid. I've known lots of people that have done it.'5. 'But I know it's perfectly simple.'(2) Key:1. Do affect her health, result that the body is badly weakened andbe reduced immunity in the aspect of physical.2. Do be Frustrated, empty and depressed mood which leads tothat she can not be quiet in the aspect of emotion.3. Has Jig made up her mind to do the operationKey: The question about whether to do an abortion, the article comes a stop suddenly at the end. So we can’t make sure whether Jig has made up her mind to do the operation.4. If the operation is something already decided on, then what upsets Jig What is the real conflict between the couple Key: (1) She worries that she could not get happiness as before with the man. She upsets that he would leave her for ever.(2) The real conflict between the couple is that whether the man likes the women from the deep heart and their attitudes towards life. ? 5. What kind of girl is Jig? How is their relation like? Does the American love Jig?Key: (1) She is restless and confused and longing for the deeper love from the man.(2) There could be many situations: first, a married man compels his lover to have a abortion; second, as a bachelor, he worries the baby would make his life be complex and so on.(3) Because of the various situations, we could not make an accurate conclusion that the man loves Jig. However, on some degree the man loves the woman by analyzing the conversation betweenthem.6. What is Hemingway’s styleKey: Hemingway’s style is laconic. The characteristic is reflected in thatWhen writing, he is very clear what kind of content could pit one against ten. It is both an immediate situation and also containing other deeper meanings, which can be informed in the way of exploring something by the readers.17.William Faulkner A Rose for Emily1. What is the meaning of the titleKey: A rose is a funeral flower. It’s author’s tribute to Emily, and also to south, Emily is the symbol. And it has an ironic meaning to this story.2. What kind of woman is Miss EmilyKey: She is embodiment of south, the old and traditional, also obstinate, resists to change anything ,a determined，dignified, valiant and literate woman.3. How did the townspeople think of herKey: The townspeople had mixed feelings—she was “dear inescapable, impervious, tranquil”, and perverse. Also she was always expected to bring honor to the town and set a good example for the young.4. What is the symbolic meaning of Emily’s houseKey: Emily’s house, like Emily herself, is a monument, the only remaining emblem of a dying world of southern aristocracy, also represents alienation and death.5. What is special about the narration of this storyKey: The writing style of the novel is using flashbacks and narration interspersed with flashbacks. The author let us know the independent but closely related events skillfully under the premise of being not exposed the true intentions, which makes us draw attention to the development of the plot without boring.Part Three: English Drama18. William Shakespeare Hamlet, Prince of Denmark1. Why does sleep appear to be so fearful for Hamlet even though it can put an end to the numerous headaches in our lifeKey: As described in the text, Hamlet thinks that sleep is different from death. Death means the end of life, you may go to the unknown world and you can’t comeback. If he dies, Hamlet can’t realize his will. Sleep can’t end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks. He can’t revenge and get relief through this way. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good or evil.2. Why would most people prefer to bear all the sufferings in life rather than choose death as a means to end themKey: 1. As it goes that ‘Adversity makes growth’, by solving the problems we can acknowledge plenty of skills and overcome the sufferings in life. If we choose death as a means to end them, it is too passive for us to face the obstacles in life, which will lead to the failure in life.2. Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under aweary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscovered country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we don’t know.”People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.Romeo and JulietWhat does it mean when Juliet says “That which we call a rose / By my other name would smell as sweet”Key:In Shakespeare's time, name on behalf of their family, and his family represents the social status. And personal just only on behalf of their inner identity.And Juliet says strongly reflects her humanist outlook on life and the concept of the ideal. 19. Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest1.How do you understand the title of the play? What is your impressionof Gwendolen? What are the most striking traits in Lady Bracknell’s character?(1) Key: Here is a pun. It’s important to be a serious man. And the author wants to satirize the triviality with which it treats institutions as serious as marriage, and the resulting satire of Victorian ways.(2) Key: She advocates sincere, do be intelligent and friendly, and is able to forgive the mistakes of others. She do be a earnest person.(3) Key: Lady Bracknell embodies the stereotype of the Victorian English aristocrat woman. She belongs to aristocratic society and is a typical Victorian snob, who is arrogant, formal and concerned with money. She is interested only in a materialistic world.20. Eugene O’Neill The Hairy Ape1.Yank assumes more than once the posture of Rodin’s “The Thinker”in the play. What does it have to do with the play’s motif and tone?What are the major images and symbols employed in the play to dramatize the theme?(1) Key: 1. The themes of this article are modern man loses his sense of belonging under technological progress and humanity is in a predicament by creating a world he does not belong to.2. The Thinker is often painful, which demonstrates the profoundly tragic matter of modern people like Yank: he is thinking and looks forward to a better life, but he doesn’t find the answer. In O'Neill’s opinion, there exists no answer. Therefore, he is destined to be a loser.3. In summary, the description of his behavior makes the thememore significant.2.Why do you think the play is subtitled “A Comedy of Ancient andModern Life in Eight Scenes”？Key: 1. The hairy ape is a comedy of ancient and modern life which shows O'Neill's social concern for the oppressedindustrial working class. It presents an extremely negative view of the state, of mechanized America, where the worker best adjusted to the system is a “hairy ape,”and where the “Capitalist class”is even more terribly dehumanized , for it has lost all connection with life , is simply “a procession of gaudy marionettes.”2. The play was created in 20th century when western people suffered unprecedented intellectual crisis. Human beings lost their absolute value, which made people fall into confusion and desperation. Besides, man’s desire to emotions was ignored in the rapid development of technology. People put existence of individuality first at that time.3. Numerous obstacles and frustrations occur in the way of Yank’s seeking for his position, which reflects survival crisis of most modern people. The more people think about, the clearer people realize about freedom.。
英国文学之——十四行诗第十八首--Sonnet-18
II OBJECTIVES: A）Introduction to poetry B）Introduction to sonnet C）Study of Sonnet 18 D）Assignment
Definition of Poetry * distinctive style and rhythm; a genre of literature. * a concentrated imaginative awareness of experience
Rhythm comes from the regular pattern of the stress and non-stress. According to the rules of the arrangement of the stresses and non-stresses, the most commonly used meter of English poetry is divided into: A. Iambic foot (Iamb) ( ∨ —) ( ∨ / ) 抑扬格
Lyric is a brief subjective poem strongly marked by imagination, melody and emotion, and creating a single unified impression.
Narrative poetry
Narrative poetry is one that tells a story or presents a narrative, whether simple or complex, long or short. Epics, ballads and metrical romances are among the many kinds of narrative poems.
英美文学选择题-附答案版
1. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18?A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B .The speaker satirizes human vanity.C. .The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D. The speaker meditates on man's salvation.2. used narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.A. SonnetB. RomanceC. NovelD. Drama3.The hero of romance was usually the , who set out a journey to accomplish some missions---to protect the church, to attack infidelity, to rescue a maiden，to meet a challenge, or to obey a knightly command.A. soldierB. poetC. knight（骑士）D. singer4. marked the beginning of Romanticism in English poetry.A. Wuthering HeightsB. A Red, Red RoseC. Lyrical Ballads （抒情歌谣集）D. Ode to the West Wind5. “So long as man can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.’’This quotation is a .A. quatrainB. balladC. trimeterD. couplet（相连并押韵的两行诗，对句）6. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is an epigrammatic line from .A. She Walks in BeautyB. Ode to the West Wind（西风颂）C. The Solitary ReaperD. On the Seas and Far Away7. is the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people.A. HamletB. BeowulfC. UtopiaD. Lyrical Ballads8. Which of the following is not included in the most famous four tragedies of William Shakespeare?A. HamletB. OthelloC. The Merchant of VeniceD. King Lear9. is the forerunner of English realistic novel, also the writer of the famous novel“Robinson Crusoe”.A. Henry FieldingB. Samuel RichardsonC. Daniel Defoe（笛福）D. Jonathan Swift10. Which of the following was not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?A. The American Scholar（论美国学者）B. NatureC. Self-RelianceD. Walden（瓦尔登湖）11. He was called “ father of American Literature” and his stories “ Rip Van Winkle”and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”（睡谷的传说）are widely read even today.Who is he?A. Washington Irving（欧文）B. Sherwood AndersonC. Mark TwainD. Ernest Hemingway12. Generally speaking, which literary school was Mark Twain grouped into?A.romanticismB.realismC.naturalismD. post-modernism13. The major trend in American literature in the first half of the 19th century is .A. romanticismB. realismC. sentimentalismD. naturalism14. Who is usually acknowledged as the originator of detective fiction?A. Washington IrvingB. William Dean HowellsC. Mark TwainD. Edgar Allan Poe（埃德加·爱伦·坡）15. Which of the following is NOT true about Robert Burns?A. He wrote in Scottish dialect.B. He was a peasant poet.C. His language is plain.D. A Red Red Rose, Auld Lang Syne and The Song of Innencenc are his poems.16. In his poems, Walt Whitman is innovative（创新的）in the terms of the form of his poetry, which is called “.”A. free verse(自由诗体)B. blank verseC. alliterationD. end rhyming17.The five“I”s in Romanticism is: Imagination, Intuition, Idealism, .A. integrality and InspirationB. Inspiration and IndividualityC. Individuality and integralityD. integrality and Industry18.I Died for Beauty was written by ?A. Walt WhitmanB. Emily Dickinson（艾米丽狄金森）C. Robert FrostD. Stephen Crane19. Which literary school was Charles Dickens generally grouped into?A. The English Critical Realism of the Nineteenth CenturyB. The English Realistic School of the Eighteenth CenturyC. The English Romanticism of the Nineteenth CenturyD. The English Modernism of the Twentieth Century20. Which of the following was not written by Thomas Hardy?A. Tess of D’UrbervilleB. Far from the Madding CrowdC. Jude the ObscureD. The Forsyte Saga21. American literature is based on a myth, that is, the Biblical myth of .A. GenesisB. the Garden of EdenC. the Deliverance from SlaveryD. Song of Songs22. Among four of the following writers , who was the author of Invisible Man?A.Ralph Waldo EllisonB. Richard Wright(1908-1960ngston HughesD. Frederick Douglass23. is the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people.A. HamletB. UtopiaC. BeowulfD. Lyrical Ballads24. Utopia was written by .A. Thomas MoreB. John MiltonC. John KeatsD. Ben Johnson25. “So long as man can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.’’This quotation is taken from “”.A. She Walks in BeautyB. Ode to the West WindC. The Solitary ReaperD. Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare26. “If W inter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is an epigrammatic line from .A. She Walks in BeautyB. Ode to the West WindC. The Solitary ReaperD. On the Seas and Far Away27. The hero of romance was usually the , who set out a journey to accomplish some missions---to protect the church, to attack infidelity, to rescue a maiden，to meet a challenge, or to obey a knightly command.A. soldierB. poetC. knightD. singer28. Which of the following is a comedy by William Shakespeare?A. HamletB. OthelloC. The Merchant of VeniceD. King Lear29. is the forerunner of English realistic novel, also the writer of the famous novel“Robinson Crusoe”.A. Henry FieldingB. Samuel RichardsonC. Daniel DefoeD. Jonathan Swift30. Which of the following was written by Henry David Thoreau?A. The American ScholarB. NatureC. Self-RelianceD. Walden31. He was called “ father of American Literature” and his stories “ Rip Van Winkle”and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” are widely read even today.Who is he?A. Sherwood AndersonB. Washington IrvingC. Mark TwainD. Ernest Hemingway32. Generally speaking, which literary school was Mark Twain grouped into?A.romanticismB.realismC.naturalismD. post-modernism33. The major trend in American literature in the last decade of the 19th century was .A. romanticismB. modernismC. sentimentalismD. naturalism34. Who is usually acknowledged as the originator of detective fiction?A. Washington IrvingB. William Dean HowellsC. Mark TwainD. Edgar Allan Poe35. Which of the following is NOT true about Robert Burns?A. He wrote in Scottish dialect.B. He was a peasant poet.C. A Red Red Rose, Auld Lang Syne and The Solitary Reaper are his poems.D. His language is plain.36. Who wrote the famous short story The Triumph of the Egg?A. Sherwood AndersonB. Washington IrvingC. Mark TwainD. Ernest Hemingway37.Who wrote Catch-22 (1961) ——the first book to treat the absurdist theme with absurdist technique？A. Sherwood AndersonB. Ernest HemingwayC. Joseph HellerD. Thomas Pynch38.I Died for Beauty was written by ?A. Henry David ThoreauB. Emily DichinsonC. Robert FrostD. Stephen Crane39. Which literary school was Charles Dickens generally grouped into?A. The English Critical Realism of the Nineteenth CenturyB. The English Realistic School of the Eighteenth CenturyC. The English Romanticism of the Nineteenth CenturyD. The English Modernism of the Twentieth Century40. Poor Richard’s Alm anac was a calendar, which includes a large amount of information about weather, astronomy, puzzles, mathematics, practical household, etc. It was written by .A. Washington IrvingB. Jonathan EdwardsC. Thomas JeffersonD. Benjamin Franklin41. “Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines.”The underlined phrase refers to .A. black holeB. the sunC. the moonD. the star42. was categorized into the group of dark romanticism. He believed that there was evil in every human heart, which might remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstance might rouse it to activity.A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Hermen MelvilleC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Edgar Allan Poe43. Renaissance originated in in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe until the 17th century.A. ItalyB. GermanC. BritainD. Greece44. As a philosophical and literary movement, the main issues involved in the debate of Transcendentalism are generally concerning .A. nature, man and the universeB. the relationship between man and womanC. the development of Romanticism in American literatureD. the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism45. Who was called “father of American Literature” ? His stories “ Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” are widely read even today.A. Washington IrvingB. Sherwood AndersonC. Mark TwainD. Ernest Hemingway46. In the title Vanity Fair, “Fair” means.A. town B market C. place D. equality47. is the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people.A. HamletB. BeowulfC. UtopiaD. Lyrical Ballads48. believes that the chief aim of literary creation is beau ty, and “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”A. Walt WhitmanB. Edgar Allen PoeC. Anne BradstreetD. Ralph Waldo Emerson49. Idealized figures most often appear in .A. Romantic poetryB. Renaissance dramaC. Enlightenment literatureD. Victorian novels50. employs the language of common man in literary writing.A. Thomas HardyB. Emily Bronte.C. William WordsworthD. John Milton51. Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale .Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely characters in .A. The House of the Seven GablesB. The Scarlet LetterC. T he Portrait of a LadyD. The Pioneers52. The Victorian Age witnessed the perfection of in the hands of Thackeray and Dickens.A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. epic53. All the following issues EXCEPT were emphasized by the British Romantic writers.A. individual feelingsB. idea of survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature54. “Where thoughts serenely sweet express / How pure, how dear their dwelling-place”. The underlined part means .A. beautyB. wisdomC. brainD. heart55. All of the following poets are regarded as “Lake Poets” EXCEPT .A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. William Blake56. Which of the following is NOT the virtue that Franklin enumerated in his The Autobiography?A. TemperanceB. Humanity (Humility)C. FrugalityD. Immoderation57. Renaissance was the humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe until the 17th century. The underlined word means .A GreekB GermanC oldD Greek and Roman58. Didactic and satirical literature was dominant in the .A. RenaissanceB. Age of EnlightenmentC. Victorian Age D age of Romanticism59. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives l ife to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets 18) What does “this” refer to ?A. LoveB. PoetryC. SummerD. Time60. Which of the following was not written by Thomas Hardy?A. Tess of D’UrbervilleB. Far from the Madding CrowdC. Jude the ObscureD. The Forsyte Saga练习题：1. Shakespeare's complete works include .A. 37 plays, 4 tragedies and 154 sonnets.B .154 plays, 2 narrative poems and 37 sonnets.C. 37 plays, 2 narrative poems and 154 sonnets.D. 73 plays, 4 tragedies, and 154 sonnets.6. “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” is a declarative statement taken from .A. The Solitary ReaperB. Lyrical BalladsC. She Walks in BeautyD. On the Seas and Far Away10. Which of the following was written by Henry David Thoreau?A. The American ScholarB. NatureC. Self-RelianceD. Walden17. By the 7th century the small kingdoms on the British Island were combined called England, or the land of .A. BritonsB. AnglesC. SaxonsD. Jutes19. He was founder and great master of the historical novel in British literature, and whose death marks the ending of Romantic Period in Britain. Who was he?A. George Gordon ByronB. Thomas MoreC. John KeatsD. Walter Scott20. Which of the following was not written by Thomas Hardy?A. Tess of D’UrbervilleB. Far from the Madding CrowdC. Jude the ObscureD. The Forsyte Saga2. In 1798, together with , William Wordsworth published Lyrical Ballads,which marked the break with 18th century classicism and the beginning of romanticism in English poetry.A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert BurnsC. John KeatsD. William Blake7. David Copperfield(1850) is, to a certain extent, an autobiographical novel by .A. Henry FieldingB. Charles DickensC. Daniel DefoeD. Jonathan Swift8. Which of the following plays is a comedy composed by William Shakespeare?A. HamletB. OthelloC. The Merchant of VeniceD. King Lear12. Generally speaking, which literary school was John Keats grouped into?A. romanticismB. realismC. naturalismD. post-modernism20. Poor Richard’s Almanac was a calendar, which includes a large amount of information about weather, astronomy, puzzles, mathematics, practical household, etc. It was written by .A. Washington IrvingB. Jonathan EdwardsC. Thomas JeffersonD. Benjamin Franklin1. The early inhabitants on the island we now called England were , a tribe of Celts. From the Britons the island got its name of Britain, the land of Britons.A. BritonsB. AnglesC. SaxonsD. Jutes2. Paradise Lost (1667) was written by .A. Thomas MoreB. John MiltonC. John KeatsD. Ben Johnson3. , founder of modern science, his New Instrument (1602) tells some of the secrets of the inductive method of reasoning, and Of Studies is one of his most famous essays.A. Thomas MoreB. John MiltonC. Francis BaconD. Ben Johnson10. believes that the chief aim of literary creation is be auty, and “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”A. Walt WhitmanB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Anne BradstreetD. Edgar Allen Poe11. Idealized figures most often appear in .A. Romantic poetryB. Renaissance dramaC. Enlightenment literatureD. Victorian novels12. It is publicly believed that employs the language of common man in his literary writing.A. Thomas HardyB. Ben JohnsonC. William WordsworthD. John Milton14. Vanity Fair is Thackeray’s masterpiece. The book takes its title from that fair described in .A. John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Thomas More’s UtopiaC. John Milton’s Paradise LostD. William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice16. Which of the following is NOT included in the virtues that Franklin enumerated in his The Autobiography?A. TemperanceB. HumilityC. FrugalityD. Immoderation19. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets 18) What does “this” refer to ?A. LoveB. PoetryC. SummerD. Time20. A Red, Red Rose was written in “”, i.e., in each stanza the odd-numbered lines are iambic tetrameters.A. dramaB. English sonnetC. ballad metreD. monologue。
Sonnet_18__Shakespeare_莎士比亚__详细分析_文章评论
Sonnet 18(Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare,in which he has a profound meditation of the destructive power of timeand the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves.A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetrycan last forever. Thus Shakespeare has a faith in the permanence ofpoetry. )rhetoricalShall I compare thee to a summer’s day? A summer's day = summer season,usually the bestseason in EnglandThou art more lovely and more temperate: b art: areRough winds do shake the darling buds of May, aAnd summer’s lease hath all too short a date: bSometime too hot the eye of heaven (the sun)shines, cAnd often is his gold complexion dimmed; dAnd every fair from fair sometimes declines, c Every fair(beauty)sometimes declinesfrom being fair, why? Next line.By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed; dBut thy eternal summer shall not fade, eNor lose possession of that fair thou owest, f ownestNor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, eWhen in eternal lines to time thou growest; f lines: lines of poetry; lines of shape,family linesSo long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, gSo long lives this, and this gives life to thee. gComment: 0During the Renaissance, it was common for poets to employ Petrarchan conceit奇喻 to praise their lovers. Applying this type of metaphor, an author makes elaborate comparisons of his beloved to one or more very dissimilar things. Such hyperbole was often used to idolize a mistress while lamenting her cruelty. Shakespeare, in Sonnet 18, conforms somewhat to this custom of love poetry, but later breaks out of the mold entirely, writing his clearly anti-Petrarchan work, Sonnet 130.In Sonnet 18, Shakespeare employs a Petrarchan conceit to immortalize his beloved. He initiates the extended metaphor in the first line of the sonnet by posing the rhetorical question, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The first two quatrains of the poem are composed of his criticism of summer. Compared to summer, his lover is "more lovely and more temperate" (2). He argues that the wind impairs the beauty of summer, andsummer is too brief (3-4). The splendor of summer is affected by the intensity of the sunlight, and, as the seasons change, summer becomes less beautiful (5-8).Due to all of these shortcomings of summer, Shakespeare contends in the third quatrain of this sonnet that comparing his lover to this season fails to do her justice. While "often is gold [summer's] complexion dimmed," her "eternal summer shall not fade" (6, 9). She, unlike summer, will never deteriorate. He further asserts that his beloved will neither become less beautiful, nor even die, because she is immortalized through his poetry. The sonnet is concluded with the couplet, "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long live this, and this gives life to thee" (13-14). These last two lines further clarify the theme, vowing that for all eternity his lover will be immortalized by his poetry.Although Shakespeare appears to be conforming, he still elevates his work above the exhausted conventions of other Elizabethan sonneteers. Instead of objectifying his lover through trite comparisons, he declares that she is too beautiful and pleasant to be compared even to a day of the most enjoyable season of the year. While most consider the realm of nature to be eternal and that of humans to be transitory, Shakespeare accentuates the death of a season and imbues his sweetheart with everlasting life. He ingeniously inverts the scheme of things in order to grant his love perpetual existence through his poetry.Comment 1:Shakespeare's sonnet has the same theme as Sonnet 75 by Spenser: the poet makes his beloved immortal by means of his poetry. This theme is a conventional one in Elizabethan sonnets. But Shakespeare and Spenser treat it in an original and individual manner. Spenser starts from a concrete situation and uses dialogue to make his point. Shakespeare writes a monologue in the form of an address. It contains a carefully reasoned argument which, as in many of Shakespeare's sonnets, moves in a series of steps.The first line, a question, proposes a comparison between Shakespeare's beloved and a summer season. Summer is chosen because it is lovely and pleasant. In the second line the comparison is restricted: in outward appearance and character the beloved person is more beautiful and less extreme than summer. The reasons for the restriction are given in the next four lines which describe the less pleasant aspects of summer. In the seventh and eighth lines Shakespeare complains that every beauty will become less one day. The ninth line takes up the comparison with summer again: summer has by now become the summer of life. The comparison turns into a contrast by referring back to the seventh. The poet's assurance becomes even firmer in lines eleven andtwelve, which contain a promise that death will be conquered. 'Eternal lines' refers to lines of poetry but also suggest lines of shape. It points forward to the triumphant couplet which explains and summarizes the theme: poetry is immortal and makes beauty immortal.Because of the step by step arguments Shakespeare's conclusion makes the impression of great certainty. His method is more rational and logical than Spenser's. Spenser does not try to argue or prove his theme.Shakespeare wrote a series of sonnets, most of which were probably addressed to a noble young man for whom he felt deep love and admiration. In many of them he deals with the problem of time, sometimes optimistically as in the present sonnet, sometimes in a mood of despair.Comment 2:One of the best known of Shakespeare’s sonnets, Sonnet 18 is memorable for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter, in which the poet’s feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets. The poet here abandons his quest for the youth to have a child, and instead glories in the youth’s beauty.Initially, the poet poses a question—”Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”—and then reflects on it, remarking that the youth’s beauty far surpasses summer’s delights. The imagery is the very essence of simplicity: “wind” and “buds.” In the fourth line, legal terminology—”summer’s lease”—is introduced in contrast to the commonplace images in the first th ree lines. Note also the poet’s use of extremes in the phrases “more lovely,” “all too short,” and “too hot”; these phrases emphasize the young man’s beauty.Although lines 9 through 12 are marked by a more expansive tone and deeper feeling, the poet returns to the simplicity of the opening images. As one expects in Shakespeare’s sonnets, the proposition that the poet sets up in the first eight lines—that all nature is subject to imperfection—is now contrasted in these next four lines beginning with “But.” Although beauty naturally declines at some point—”And every fair from fair sometime declines”—the youth’s beauty will not; his unchanging appearance is atypical of nature’s steady progression. Even death is impotent against the youth’s beauty. Note the ambiguity in the phrase “eternal lines”: Are these “lines” the poet’s verses or the youth’s hoped-for children? Or are they simply wrinkles meant to represent the process of aging? Whatever the answer, the poet is jubilant in this sonnet because nothing thre atens the young man’s beautiful appearance.Then follows the concluding couplet: “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” The poet is describing not what the youth is but what he will be ages hence, as captured in the poet’s eternal verse—or again, in a hoped-for child. Whatever one may feel about the sentiment expressed in the sonnet and especially in these last two lines, one cannot help but notice an abrupt change in the poet’s own estimate of his poetic writing. Following the poet’s disparaging reference to his “pupil pen” and “barren rhyme” in Sonnet 16, it comes as a surprise in Sonnet 18 to find him boasting that his poetry will be eternal.。
英国文学史paraphraseSonnet18解释
英国⽂学史paraphraseSonnet18解释Sonnet 181. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Could I compare you to the time/days of summer?2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate:You are more lovely and more gentle and mild than the days.3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,The wild wind shakes the favorite flowers of May.4. And summer's lease hath all too short a dateAnd the duration of summer has a limited period of time.5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,Sometimes the sun shinning is too hot.6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed,And his gold skin of the face will be dimmed by the clouds.7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,Every beautiful thing and person will decline from previous state of beauty.8. By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:(the beauty) will be stripped of by chance or changes of season in the nature.9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,But your summer exists forever and will not lose color/freshness or vigor. 10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, You will never lose your own beauty either.11. Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,The Death can’t boast that you wander in his shadow.12. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,You grow as time grows in the undying lines of my verse.13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long as men can live in the world with sight and breath,14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.This poem will exist and you will live in it forever.。
shakespeare's sonnet 18
Sonnet
The Skakespearean or English sonnet has 3 4-line quatrains plus a concluding 2 line couplet. The rhyme scheme of such a sonnet is usually abab cdcd efef gg. Each of the three quatrains (4-line stanza) usually explores a different variation of the main theme. Then the couplet presents a summarizing or concluding statement.
Lyric poem
A lyric poem expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker. It presents an experience or a single effect, but it does not tell a full story. Types of lyrics include the elegy, the ode, and the sonnet. The typical lyrical subject matter is love, for a lover or deity, and the mood of the speaker in relation to this love much of the lyric poetry of the 17th and 18th centuries is little read today because of its dependence on classical mythology and standard forms. Notable exceptions are John Milton, John Donne and Andrew Marvel.
shakespeare Sonnet_18
Sonnet 18 (1609)
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？ 我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？ Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 你不独比它可爱也比它温婉： 你不独比它可爱也比它温婉： Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践， 狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践， And summer's lease hath all too short a date: 夏天出赁的期限又未免太短： 夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：
Modern English v.s. Middle English
• • • • you You (object form) your yours • • • • thine thou Thee Thy
• Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, • And Summer’s lease hath all too short a date.
Meter:
Shall I compare thee to a sum mer’s day ? Thou art more love ly and more tem perate. Rough winds do shake the dar ling buds of may, And sum mer’s lease hath all too short a date. a b a b
Types of Sonnet
• There are three dominant types of sonnet, all named after their founders or perfecters(完善者): Petrarchan sonnet, Spenserian sonnet and Shakespearean sonnet.
William Shakespeare(sonnet 18)
• What is a sonnet? Sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. It follows very strict patterns of stanza divisions and rhymes and generally expresses a single theme or idea. • Two major types of sonnet: 1: The Petrarchan or Italian sonnet 2: The Shakespearean or English sonnet
Shakespeare’s sonnet sequence 1609: Shakespeare’s Sonnets, Never Before Imprinted It contains 154 sonnets, roughly divided into 3groups: 1. No. 1-17: a variation on one theme--a handsome young man is being persuaded to marry and beget offspring who will preserve his beauty in a new generation, though he himself will lose it as he grows old . 2. No. 18-126: a variety of themes associated with a handsome young man.. 3. No. 127-154: a new series about a married young woman with dark hair and complexion, the so-called “dark lady”.
Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer
Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer’ s day?Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare, in which he has a profound meditation on the destructive power of time and the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one h e loves. A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. Shakespeare has a faith in the permanence of poetry.●The idea being to compare the poet’s beloved to a summer’s day.●Until line 8, Shakespeare has compared his o bject of affection to a summer’sday, whereas in lines 9-14, the attention is shifted towards arguing that poetry is immortal.●This way Shakespeare’s loved one is described as unchangeable as opposed tothe summer which is depicted as changeable.Great Comedies●The Merchant of Vince,● A Midsummer Night’s Dream,●As You Like It,●Twelfth NightTheme of The Merchant of Venice●The traditional theme is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio,to idealize Portia as a great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose theinsatiatable greed and brutality of the Jew.●It is regarded now as a satire of the Christians’ hypocrisy and their falsestandards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldlinessand their unreasoning prejudice against Jews.●Shakespeare’s four great tragedies●Hamlet: fighting against the outside evil;●Othello: an outward evil causes a man’s fall;●King Lear: man’s mistakes set free the evils;●Macbeth: an outward evil destroys a hero.●●The theme of tragedies●All of these plays express a profound dissatisfaction with life. They show thestruggle and conflicts between good and evil of the time, between justice and injustice. In these plays, the writer condemns the dark and evil society.●Summary of Hamlet’s characteristic s:●Hamlet is in a serious conflict or contradiction, to be or not tobe; that is the question;●Hamlet is in a great melancholy and he is sensitive and alert;●Hamlet believes more in the life than the afterlife;●Hamlet is very cautious and thoughtful;●Hamlet has a very perceptive mind at the cruelty and hardshipsof the life or the society.soliloquy● A soliloquy is a dramatic device which allows a character toreveal his thoughts to the audience but not to the othercharacters in the play. Its function:● 1. to give free and complete expression to a complicated stateof mind and feeling of a character● 2. to provide a point of view on the events of the play.In Shakespeare’s time soliloquies were widely used. When an actor was aloneon the stage he could speak aloud his thoughts, thus giving the audience clear insights into his character and his intentions. It is used quite frequently in Hamlet.Chapter Six The Seventeenth Century (1603--1688)Metaphysical poetsThe metaphysical poets is a term coined by John Dryden and later adopted by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the bold andinventive use of conceits, incongruous imagery, complexity of thought,frenquent use of paradox, and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity ofexpression. And by speculation about topics such as love ,death and religion.According to them, all things in the universe, no mater how dissimilar they are to each other, are closely unified in God. The chief representative was JohnDonne. These poets were not formally affiliated; most of them did not evenknow or read each other.Analysis of John Donne’s Song⏹It is one of John Donne’s negative love poems. This poem consists of 3nine-lined stanzas. With the exception of the 7th and 8th lines, the poem is written in iambic tetrameter and the 5th and 6th lines end with a feminine rhyme (双韵).⏹The poem begins abruptly. The verb go and catch here indicate that the poemis addressing to some listener or the reader. Mandrake is a type of plant from which drugs are made, especially those causing sleep. The mandrake root is like the lower part of the male body. According to the Bible, the female could beget a child on a mandrake root. Cleft: the past form of cleave. It is believed that the foot of the Devil is like that of the ox or the sheep. There is no possible answer to this question.⏹The main idea is that there is no true love in the world or love is inconstant.The first part shows that everything listed here is impossible. The second part says that people can find true love at no place and at no time. In the third part, the poet says that even if the impossible things were proved possible, hecouldn’t believe them.⏹Analysis on A VALEDICTION：FORBIDDING MOURNINGit is John Donne’s love poem in which the poet holds the positive attitude towards love. Donne wrote this poem in 1611, when he was to about to depart on a diplomatic mission to France. The poem contains nine quatrains of iambic tetrameter. The rhyme scheme of each quatrain is abab. In the poem, the poet bids farewell to his beloved, attempting to convince her that because of the special nature of their love, she need not mourn their departing. The poem develops a sequence of contrasts and images that reveal the refinement, permanence, holiness and faithfulness in their love.Cavalier poets‘Cavalier poets’ is a broad description of a school of English poets of the 17th century, who came from the classes that supported King Charles I during the English Civil War. Their poetry was marked by courtliness, urbanity, and polish.They were royalists and lyrical poets, and dealt chiefly with the theme of loveand carpe diem(seize the day). Their poetry was popular with court and reflected the extravangance and moral looseness of court life.The best-known of the cavalier poets are Ben Johnson and Robert Herrick.。
Sonnet_18(英文赏析)
Sonnet 18By William ShakespeareShall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimed;And every fair form fair sometimes declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade. When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.十四行诗（其十八）威廉·莎士比亚我能把你比作夏日吗？尽管你更可爱、更温和；夏日的狂风可能会摧残五月的花儿，季节的限制又减少了可拥有的日光；天空的巨眼有时过于灼热，常使自身的辉煌无故湮没；每一种美都会消逝，不管愿意或是无奈；然而你这盛夏将永存不朽，连你所有的美都不会褪去；死神不忍逼近，生命只会长存；只要人类能呼吸，能看见；我的诗就会存在，而你的生命也会延续。
Sonnet18及赏析(可编辑修改版).
point, seems to be just the speaker’s opinion, but to prove the poem more temperate, he explains, “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May”: the “rough winds” that blow the young buds of flowers about is certainly not mild or temperate. And also summer just does not last very long; it has “all too short a date.”The poem, when compared to a summer’s day, is better; its beauty and mildness do not end as summer along with its “summer’s day”does. The reader wonder why the speaker, just after claiming his intention of comparing the poem to a “summer’s day,” then first compares it to a spring day—“the darling buds of May.”Even before summer begins, the May flowers are being tossed about by intemperate breezes; therefore, it stands to reason that if the prelude to summer has its difficulties, one can expect summer have its own unique problems that the poem, of course, will lack. Second Quatrain –“Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines” In the second quatrain, the speaker continues elucidating his complaints that diminish summer’s value in this comparison: sometimes the sunshine makes the temperature too hot: “Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines.” The sun often hides behind clouds, “often is his gold complexion dimm’d.”The reader can realize the implications here: that these inconvenient qualities do no plague the poem. Then the speaker makes a generalization that everything in nature including the seasons—and he has chosen the best season, after all; he did not advantage his argument by comparing the poem to a winter day—and even people degenerates with time, either by happenstance or by processes the human mind does not comprehend or simply by the unstoppable course of nature: "And every fair from fair sometime declines, / By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimm’d.” So far, the speaker has mused that he shall compare the poem to a summer day, and the summer day is losing: even before summer begins, the winds of May are often brutal to the young flowers; summer never lasts long; sometimes the sun is too hot and sometimes it hides behind clouds, and besides everything—even the good things—in nature diminishes in time. Third Quatrain –“But thy eternal summer shall not fade” In the third quatrain, the speaker declares the advantages that the poem has over the summer day: that unlike the summer day, the poem shall remain eternally; its summer will not end as the natural summer day must. Nor will the poem lose its beauty, and even death cannot claim the poem, because it will exist “in eternal lines”that the poet will continue to write, “When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st.” The Couplet –“This gives life to thee” The couplet—“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee”—claims that as long as someone is alive to read it, the poem will have life.。
shakespearesonnet18-文档资料
但是你的长夏永远不会雕落， 也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳， 或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊， 当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。
•Transition in the sestet to counter that the beloved's beauty will not fade or die because of the poem.
But thy │eter│nal sum│mer shall │not fade, Nor lose│ posses│sion of │that fair│ thou ow’st; Nor shall│ Death brag │thou wan│der’st in│ his shade, When in │eter│nal lines │to time│ thou grow’st.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed, And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
So long│ as men │can breathe │or eyes │can see, So long │lives this, │ and this │gives life│ to thee. Couplet
•.
•8
Rhyme Scheme of Sonnet 18
• Quatrain 1
天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈， 它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽： 被机缘或无常的天道所摧折， 没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。 •The sun is sometimes too hot in summer or occasionally shaded. Every beautiful thing becomes less beautiful through chance or time.
sonnet18作业
sonnet18作业Assignments for “Sonnet 18”Questions to everyone:1.What do you think is the theme of Sonnet 18?2.How do you understand each line? Or what is the meaning of each line?3.What does “thee” refer to? A young lady? A young man? The poem? Then to whom does thepoet express his love?4.How does the poet express his love?5.What is your way of expressing love (to someone or something)?Discussion(1) Try to explain the following terms in English by examples,(2) understand their usages in “Sonnet 18”, and it is good if you can find out some examples from the sonnet. (3) Read the following words correctly before you give your explanation.1.iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行(每班第1组的任务)2.rhymed couplet押韵二行(每班第2组的任务)3.assonance 谐音，类韵，类似的音; alliteration (每班第3组的任务)4.quatrain 四行诗，四行一节(每班第4组的任务)5.imagery 意象，比喻，形象化(每班第5组的任务)6.personification (每班第6组的任务)7.ambiguity 歧义(每班第7组的任务)8.parallelism 平行句(每班第8组的任务)9.simile; metaphor (每班第9组的任务)10.rhetorical question(设问，反问) (每班第1组的任务)11.pun 双关语(每班第2组的任务)12.paradox 矛盾法(每班第3组的任务)13.hyperbole 夸张(每班第4组的任务)14.synecdoche提喻或借代。
sonnet 18 的逐句解析
Sonnet 18原文1: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?释义1: Can I compare you to a summer’s day? In England, summer is the best season of a year, because summer brings warmer and sunnier weather compared to the other seasons. This change in climate allows people to spend more time outdoors, enjoy outdoor activities, and experience longer daylight hours.原文2: Thou art more lovely and more temperate.释义2: “More lovely” means that “you” are more beautiful or attractive. “More temperate” suggests that “you” possesses a more moderate and balanced temperament or nature.原文3: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May.释义3:⚫“Rough winds” refers to strong or harsh winds, highlighting the forceful nature of the weather. ⚫“Do shake” indicates that the rough winds are causing a shaking or disturbance.⚫“The darling buds of May” refers to the delicate and beloved flower buds that bloom in the month of May.It symbolizes the beauty and potential of nature. this line portrays the vulnerability and fragility of nature. It suggests that even the most cherished and delicate aspects of life, represented by the tender flower buds of May, are not immune to the turbulent forces of the world, here represented by the rough winds.原文4: And Summer’s lease hath all too short a date释义4:⚫“And Summer’s lease” refers to the limited time or duration of summer.⚫“Lease” here can be understood as a leasehold or a period of time.⚫“Hath all too short a date” means that the time allocated to summer is considered too brief or insufficient. this line expresses the speaker’s sadness about the fleeting nature of summer.It reflects the common experience of longing for the summer season to last longer, as the warmth, beauty, and enjoyment associated with summer are cherished but inherently temporary.原文5: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,释义5: the eye of heaven here refers to the sun, and Shakespeare suggests that sometimes the sun shines too intensely or with excessive heat. In Shakespearean sonnets, the “eye of heaven” is often associated with beauty, light, and divine power. By suggesting that the eye of heaven shines too hot, the speaker could be expressing the idea that even the most beautiful and powerful things can sometimes be overwhelming or excessive.原文6: And often is his gold complexion dimm’d:释义6: In this line, Shakespeare continues to describe the sun and its changing appearance, the phrase “his gold complexion” refers to the sun’s radiant and golden appearance. The word “dimm’d” suggests that the sun’s brightness or brilliance is frequently diminished because of the clouds. Connected with the previous line, Shakespeare tries to point out that the sun is sometimes too hot,too shiny, sometimes be covered by clouds or diminished in time.原文7: And every fair from fair sometime declines释义7: The word “fair” here refers to anything that is beautiful or lovely. This line suggest that everything beautiful eventually loses its beauty or fades away, all the beautiful things will eventually decline or deteriorate over time.原文8: By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimm’d;释义8: The phrase “by chance” refers to the possibility that beauty may fade away unexpectedly, without any specific reason or cause. The expression “nature’s changing course untrimm’d” indicates that the fading of beauty is a natural and inevitable process. It emphasizes the idea that even nature itself, with its constant cycles and changes, does not intervene or alter this course. The word “untrimm’d” suggests that beauty is not preserved or maintained, but is subject to the natural order of things.原文9: But thy eternal summer shall not fade,释义9: Your beauty will not fade away or lose brightness, your beauty will always be remembered no mater how the nature’s course changed.原文10: Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,释义10: You will never lose your inherent beauty or the qualities that make you attractive. It suggests that your beauty is a part of who you are and will always belong to you.原文11: Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,释义11: Even death will not be able to claim or overshadow the person’s beauty原文12: When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st;释义12: “eternal lines” here refers to this sonnet, you will grow in these lines, this sonnet, I will immortalize your beauty.原文13: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,原文14: So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.释义: As long as men are alive and able to see, this poem will continue to exist and will give life to you, in this sonnet, Shakespeare is expressing the timeless nature of his poetry. He claims that as long as humanity exists and can appreciate beauty, his words will endure, immortalizing the subject of the poem and preserving their memory。
(完整word版)Sonnet18英文赏析
Sonnet 18William Shakespeare（1564～1616)Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? （A)Thou art more lovely and more temperate：(B）Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May，(A）And summer’s lease hath all too short a date, (B）Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines，(C)And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; (D）And every fair form fair sometimes declines，（C）By chance，or nature's changing course，untrimme'd：(D)But thy eternal summer shall not fade，(E)Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; (F）Nor shall death brag thou wander’rest in his shade, （E)When in eternal lines to time thou gr ow’st。
(F）So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see，（G)So long lives this，and this gives life to thee. （G）A. Structure1。
Sonnet 18 can be divided into four parts: three quatrains and a couplet。
The first quatrain is from line 1 to line 4，the second from line 5 to line 8，and the third from line 9 to line 12。
英美文学基础作业 sonnet 18
Class__091__ Name__周丹丹_ Number_09131115_ Grade__________ Comment on Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 18”.We had learned sonnet 18 of Shakespeare at the beginning of this term,in this paper,I would do some comments for it.Firstly,the background of Shakespeare's writing .As we all know,he is one of the greatest English poets and dramatists .He is regarded as the most influential writer in all of English literature and the most important playwright of the English Renaissance.The Renaissance was a cultural movement that profoundly affected European intellectual life in the early modern period. Beginning in Italy, and spreading to the rest of Europe by the 16th century, its influence was greatly in literature, philosophy, art, politics, science, religion, and other aspects of intellectual inquiry. Renaissance scholars employed the humanist method in study, and searched for realism and human emotion in art. Shakespeare created a variety of great works.He left us a great wealth of 154 sonnets, 37 plays, including 14 comedies, 12 tragedies ,and 11 historical plays, as well as two long poems. He is a symbol of the period of Renaissance .Secondly,Shakespearean sonnet.Shakespeare writes his sonnets in the popular English form of three quatrains and a couplet. Rhymes of Sonnet 18 are abab cdcd efef gg.It differents from the normal sonnet whose rhymes are abbaabba cdecde or cdc cdc.The Shakespearean sonn et’s thought-division is a 4—4—4—2 plan.There are four sections, three quatrains and a final couplet. The couplet usually ties the sonnet to one of the general themes, leaving the quatrains free to develop the poetic intensity.In Shakespearean sonnet each quatrain deals with a different aspect of the subject and the couplet either summarizes the theme or makes a final, sometimes contradicting comment. Sonnet 18 expresses that beautiful things can rely on the force of literature to reach eternity.Literature is created by man, thus it declares man’s eternity. The poem shows the mighty self-confidence of the newly class. The vivid, variable and rich images reflect the lively and adventurous spirits of those who were opening new world.Finally, Analysis of Sonnet 18.We really appreciate it not only the beautiful and exact words he uses,but also the images.The author of the poem begins with a question : "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question compares his writing object to the summer time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and we always regard it as an enjoyable time during the year. In lines 2 ,he tells us the one he described is "more lovely and more temperate." However, in line 3 and line 4,"summer's lease""too short",the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer's beauty is fragile and can be shaken, and summer time fades away all too quickly. The author uses"rough winds" as a symbol of ''obstacles",which "do shake the darling buds of May",that means obstacles will destroy the beauty.It is a metaphor.In line 5 and line 6 ,the author mentions the sun, "the eye of heaven",also a metaphor ,often shines "too hot" or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed", but often it is too cool, dimmed by clouds and shade.From the word"his'',we know it is a use of personification .Then it comes the line 7 and line 8,"every fair" ,"decline","nature's changing course ",these words all leave us an expression that everything that is beautiful eventually loses its beauty, whether by chance or by the uncontrollable course of nature, beauty will finally run to death.What we have to mention is ,the two ''fair",the first fair meansindividual concrete beauty,the second means the concept beauty. It is a changeable process.But, the author suddenly changes his tone,from line 9 to line 12,two negative words,"not''and''nor'',he says, eternal beauty (or youth) will not fade, nor will lose. Nor will Death boast, a use of personification here , that you wander in his shadow, since you shall grow with time through these sonnets.The final part of the sonnet , line 13 to line 14,the auther's feeling reachs the climax,and he tells us the theme of the sonnet,that is ,beauty will be one that lasts forever, and never end or die.The speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever.From the sonnet 18 of Shakespeare we had learned the humanism of Renaissance in his period,the characteristics of Shakespearean sonnet including its rhymes and structures,and figures of speech of sonnet 18.Really we improve ourselves.1.。
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Class__091__ Name__周丹丹_ Number_09131115_ Grade__________ Comment on Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 18”.We had learned sonnet 18 of Shakespeare at the beginning of this term,in this paper,I would do some comments for it.Firstly,the background of Shakespeare's writing .As we all know,he is one of the greatest English poets and dramatists .He is regarded as the most influential writer in all of English literature and the most important playwright of the English Renaissance.The Renaissance was a cultural movement that profoundly affected European intellectual life in the early modern period. Beginning in Italy, and spreading to the rest of Europe by the 16th century, its influence was greatly in literature, philosophy, art, politics, science, religion, and other aspects of intellectual inquiry. Renaissance scholars employed the humanist method in study, and searched for realism and human emotion in art. Shakespeare created a variety of great works.He left us a great wealth of 154 sonnets, 37 plays, including 14 comedies, 12 tragedies ,and 11 historical plays, as well as two long poems. He is a symbol of the period of Renaissance .Secondly,Shakespearean sonnet.Shakespeare writes his sonnets in the popular English form of three quatrains and a couplet. Rhymes of Sonnet 18 are abab cdcd efef gg.It differents from the normal sonnet whose rhymes are abbaabba cdecde or cdc cdc.The Shakespearean sonn et’s thought-division is a 4—4—4—2 plan.There are four sections, three quatrains and a final couplet. The couplet usually ties the sonnet to one of the general themes, leaving the quatrains free to develop the poetic intensity.In Shakespearean sonnet each quatrain deals with a different aspect of the subject and the couplet either summarizes the theme or makes a final, sometimes contradicting comment. Sonnet 18 expresses that beautiful things can rely on the force of literature to reach eternity.Literature is created by man, thus it declares man’s eternity. The poem shows the mighty self-confidence of the newly class. The vivid, variable and rich images reflect the lively and adventurous spirits of those who were opening new world.Finally, Analysis of Sonnet 18.We really appreciate it not only the beautiful and exact words he uses,but also the images.The author of the poem begins with a question : "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question compares his writing object to the summer time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and we always regard it as an enjoyable time during the year. In lines 2 ,he tells us the one he described is "more lovely and more temperate." However, in line 3 and line 4,"summer's lease""too short",the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer's beauty is fragile and can be shaken, and summer time fades away all too quickly. The author uses"rough winds" as a symbol of ''obstacles",which "do shake the darling buds of May",that means obstacles will destroy the beauty.It is a metaphor.In line 5 and line 6 ,the author mentions the sun, "the eye of heaven",also a metaphor ,often shines "too hot" or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed", but often it is too cool, dimmed by clouds and shade.From the word"his'',we know it is a use of personification .Then it comes the line 7 and line 8,"every fair" ,"decline","nature's changing course ",these words all leave us an expression that everything that is beautiful eventually loses its beauty, whether by chance or by the uncontrollable course of nature, beauty will finally run to death.What we have to mention is ,the two ''fair",the first fair meansindividual concrete beauty,the second means the concept beauty. It is a changeable process.But, the author suddenly changes his tone,from line 9 to line 12,two negative words,"not''and''nor'',he says, eternal beauty (or youth) will not fade, nor will lose. Nor will Death boast, a use of personification here , that you wander in his shadow, since you shall grow with time through these sonnets.The final part of the sonnet , line 13 to line 14,the auther's feeling reachs the climax,and he tells us the theme of the sonnet,that is ,beauty will be one that lasts forever, and never end or die.The speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever.From the sonnet 18 of Shakespeare we had learned the humanism of Renaissance in his period,the characteristics of Shakespearean sonnet including its rhymes and structures,and figures of speech of sonnet 18.Really we improve ourselves.1.。