2018届中考英语二轮复习《第11讲词语运用专题》讲义

词语运用

【知识点睛】

《义务教育新课程标准》对词语运用试题的界定：

要求初中毕业生能够理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义；能够了解常用语言形式的基本结构和常用表意功能；能够根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；掌握单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配的使用等。

词语运用命题特点：

近几年，河南省中考英语词语运用题，保持了应用性、探究性、综合性和时代性的特征，着重考查了学生的基础能力、综合能力和书面表达能力。词语运用题主要考查学生对知识应用的熟练程度，对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力。

题材：故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等。

考察范围：介词、动词、形容词、连词、代词、名词、数词、习惯表达等，既注重语法知识和习惯用语的考查，又加强对篇章结构的理解，同时强调了写的成分。（具体见考点分布表）

河南中考英语词语运用题考点分布表：

先要把握住短文的主旨大意，答题时除了考虑词法、句法，还要研究语篇中句子的结构、衔接和连贯等问题。

（二）以上表格显示词语运用主要考查包括名词、动词、副词、连词、代词以及介词等，基本包括所有词类。文体方面主要是以记叙文为主。今年河南省中考英语词语运用试题可能会延续以前的考查模式，设空时仍然会以名词、动词、形容词等实词为主，副词等其他的虚词也会有所涉及。

（三）重视句子之中或句子与句子之间的联系，侧重所给词的变化，如名词、动词、数词、代词、形容词等形式上的变化。

（四）试题选材符合考生的书面表达水平，文体偏重记叙文，以故事类的话题为主，短文内容贴近

学生的学习和生活。词数在200左右。短文共设10个小题，每空一词，第一句话一般不设空，试题力求答案的唯一性。

词语运用注意事项

形式、词法、句法、基础知识

词语运用试题的做题步骤：

1、跳过空格，通读全文，了解大意。

2、复读全文，确定语义，判断词形。

3、利用语境，确定词形。

4、复读全文，验证答案。

词语运用的关键：

________ _________

1. 定词：

_________________________________________________________________________

2. 变形：

a._______________________________________________________________________

b._______________________________________________________________________

c._______________________________________________________________________

d._______________________________________________________________________

e._______________________________________________________________________

一、定词 ______________________

用方框内所给的词或短语进行填空，两项多余。

them? They’re interesting and exciting places! Many kinds of the world’s plants and an imals live in the rainforests.

However, rainforests are __________ now—they are disappearing very fast because they are cut down or burnt every day. As a result, __________ animals and plants are dying out.

Maybe you have never been to a rainforest, so why should you protect them ___________? Rainforests are important to everyone. They are important because the plants in the rainforests make oxygen. We need oxygen to breathe.

Rainforest also help to control the weather. When trees are cut down, it _________ hotter. Besides, one quarter of our __________ come from plants. Many of these plants can be found only in rainforests. There is a lot that we have not learnt about rainforests. If we __________ them, we will never find out.

In my opinion, our future _____________ saving the rainforests. We must tell more people how important rainforests are so that they will stop doing harm to them. We must protect the rainforests now. We have to act now to save our only home.

二、变形 ______________________

a. 动词—___________________________________________________________________

“What is the boy doing?” I asked myself and looked closely.“Oh, he is _________ (pick) up a coin from the ground.” When he ________ (stand) up, we saw each other.

I asked him i f he ________ (need) some money. He replied, “No. That’s okay.”

From her sad look, Susie noticed that Mrs. Smith must ____________ (cry) for a long time.

They ___________ (live) here since 2000.

There is a German proverb that says, “Friendship is a plant that must be ________ (water).”The book written by Lu Xun ________ (sell) well.

__________ (think) about the connections (联系) between words may help you to remember them. Many children are left alone in the countryside. Let’s try our best ___________ (help) them. Would you please give me as many ___________ (suggest) as possible?

The window __________ (break) by Jim yesterday has been mended.

Don’t you see a boy __________ (run) towards us?

b. 形容词副词—_____________________________________________________________

The shark got her left arm, and hurt her _________ (bad). Luckily, she tried her best and swam back to the land.

He felt ________ (true) sorry for what he said.

This kind of coffee tastes very _________ (well).

Her little dog died yesterday. This made her very __________ (happy).

A person who is __________ (honest) always tells lies.

She didn’t give up her dream of becoming a surfer, but she had to practice _________ (hard) than before.

Ma Yun, head of Alibaba, is one of _____________ (rich) persons in the world.

There’s not much ____________ (different) in price between the two mobile phones.

c. 名词—___________________________________________________________________

All those foreign __________ (thief) have been caught.

All parents worry about their _________ (child) success.

Do you know the girl? She is a friend of my _________ (sister).

The story is really __________ (humor). It makes all of us laugh a lot.

I want to learn how to eat __________ (health).

d. 数词—___________________________________________________________________

Most people speak English as a ________ (two) language.

Two ________ (five) of the students in our class are league members.

They go to the library ________ (one) a week.

e. 代词—___________________________________________________________________

Mother asked the Greens to help ________ (they) to some pears.

My hobby is reading comic books, what about ________(you)?

There isn’t ____________ (something) wrong with the computer.

f. 介词连词

【精讲精练】

A

请用适当的词完成下面的短文。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。

The Great Wall is known as the eighth wonder of the world. Every year thousands of tourists from all over the world come to visit this place of 1_______ in China.

Last Saturday I went to the Great Wall 2________ some of my friends. It was a sunny day. On our way up, we saw many volunteers keeping order in the sun. They helped the elders with their bags, 3_______ photos for some tourists and answered people’s questions. Though they are very 4_______, they didn’t stop to have a rest. We were deeply moved when we saw this. Just at that moment, we saw 5_______ little boy standing alone and crying. We went over and asked what 6_______ to him. From his answer we knew that he couldn’t find his mother. We told him not to 7_______ about it and then we tried to get in touch with his mother with the phone number he gave us. Twenty minutes 8_______, his mother turned up. When she saw her son, she was very excited and thanked 9_______ with tears in her eyes.

That day we not only enjoyed the beauty of the Great Wall, but also felt the warmth of the society. 10_______ everyone can reach out a helping hand to others, the world around us will be more and more harmonious (和谐的).

1.________

2._________

3._________

4._________

5.__________

6.________

7._________

8._________

9._________ 10._________

B

根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）

Frank was a curious boy. The first time he saw an hourglass (沙漏), he wondered what it was.

His mother said, “A n hourglass is made in the s___11___ of 8. The sand is put in at one end, and runs through a small hole in the m___12___. It takes the sand exactly an hour to run through.”

Frank w___13___ the little stream of sand. He was i___14___, because it would not run faster. “Let me shake it, mother,” said he. “It is lazy, and will never get through.”

“It will, Son,” said his mother. “The sand moves little by little, but it moves all the time. When you look at the hands of the clock, you think they go very s___15___, but they never stop. While you are at play, the sand is r___16___, grain by grain. The hands of the clock are moving, second by second. At night, the sand in the hourglass has run through twelve times. The hour hand of the clock has moved a___17___ its great face. This is because they keep working every minute. They do not stop to t___18___ how much they have to do and how long it will take them to do it.”

Now, Frank’s mother wanted him to learn a little poem, but he said, “Mother, I can ne ver learn i___19___.” His mother said, “Study all the time. N___20___ stop to ask how long it will take to learn it.”

Frank followed his mother’s advice. He studied line after line, very busily; and in one and a half hours he knew the poem perfectly.

11.________ 12._________ 13._________ 14._________ 15.__________

16.________ 17._________ 18._________ 19._________ 20.__________

C

用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。

lot of elephants aren’t 21______. They are domesticated (驯养的). They aren’t kept as pets, but as working animals. Every working elephant 22______ its own keeper. An elephant and its keeper meet for the first time when they are both young, and they grow up together. In fact, their relationship continues for the rest of the elephant’s 23______—perhaps 40 years. Lots of elephants work in the forest, moving heavy 24______ when they are cut down. Some give rides to tourists, or 25______ people during celebrations and festivals. Keepers take excellent care of their elephants, feeding them 26______ and giving them a bath at the end of the working day.

27______ special animal in India is the cow. Cows are protected animals, 28______ they aren’t kept on farms or killed for food, although people do use their milk. So in India you can often see cows walking around towns and cities, and nobody tries 29______ them. If they sit down in the middle of t he road, people 30______ drive around them! Do you think it’s interesting?

21. __________ 22. __________ 23. __________ 24. __________ 25. __________

26. __________ 27. __________ 28. __________ 29. __________ 30. __________

【参考答案】

【知识点睛】

词语运用的关键：定词变形

1. 定词：动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词、冠词、感叹词

2. 变形：

a. 动词：时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等

b. 形容词/副词：词性变化、反义词、级别变化等

c. 名词：单复数、名词所有格、词性变化等

d. 数词：基数词序数词变化、单复数等

e. 代词：单复数、反身代词、(人称代词)主宾格、形物代/名物代、(不定代词)肯否含义等

一、定词（动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词、冠词、感叹词）

familiar, in trouble, various, with care, gets, medicines, destroy, depends on

二、变形

a. 动词—时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等

1. picking；stood

2. needed

3. have cried

4. have lived

5. watered

6. sells

7. Thinking

8. to help

9. suggestions 10. broken 11. running

b. 形容词副词—词性变化、反义词、级别变化等

12. badly 13. truly 14. good 15. unhappy 16. dishonest

17. harder 18. the richest 19. difference

c. 名词—单复数、名词所有格、词性变化等

20. thieves 21. children’s 22. sister’s 23. humorous 24. healthily

d. 数词—基数词序数词变化、单复数等

25. second 26. fifths 27. once

e. 代词—单复数、反身代词、(人称代词)主宾格、形物代/名物代、(不定代词)肯否含义等

28. themselves 29. yours 30. anything

【精讲精练】

A篇

1. interest

2. with

3. took

4. tired

5. a

6. happened

7. worry

8. later

9. us 10. If

B篇

11. shape 12. middle 13. watched 14. impatient 15. slow/slowly

16. running 17. around 18. think 19. it 20. Never

C篇

21. wild 22. has 23. life 24. trees 25. carry

26. well 27. Another 28. so 29. to control 30. usually