科技英语翻译重点句子总结
1、P23 【例1】时态翻译
The waster radiation is revolutionizing X-ray science, enabling researchers to see things on an atomic level with eyes that are a million times more powerful than ever before.
这种歧视为废物的辐射使X射线科学发生了一场革命：它使科研工作者能用眼睛看到原子级的东西，这一放大率比以往提高了100万倍。
2、P24 【例3】虚拟语气
If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive.
如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。
3、P24 【例6】虚拟语气
Moving parts of a machine would wear much more rapidly without being oiled.
机器的运动部件如果不加油就会磨损的非常快。
4、P24 【例7】祈使句
Keep the batteries in dry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away.
（如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。
5、P25 【例12】被动语态
In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.
换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。
6、P25 【例15】非谓语动词
The article published as it was in a small magazine, remained unknown for a long time.
该论文由于是发表在一本小杂志上，因而长时间不为人所知。
7、P26 【例17】名词化结构
The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction.
用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力。
8、P26 【例18】名词化结构
Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.
电视通过无线电波发射和接受各种活动物体的图像。
9、P27 【例23】多长句和逻辑关联词
The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountains waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpass anything ever experienced on the earth.
月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界，是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼，太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰，而漫长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。
10、P27 【例24】介词的广泛使用
Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers, operating with numbers, and giving the result in numerical form.
计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。
11、P29 【例27】明喻
There now exists a kind of glass so sensitive to light that, like photographic film, it will record pictures and designs.
现在有一种对光十分敏感的玻璃，它像胶卷一样能记录图像和图案。
12、P30 【例32】拟人
It is very much like communicating with an accurate robot who has a very small vocabulary and takes everything literally.
这就像和一丝不苟的机器人说话，机器人只有很少的词汇，而且你怎么说他就怎么做。
13、P31 【例2】直译
Group technology is a manufacturing philosophy in which similar parts are identified and grouped together to take advantage of their similarities in design and production, similar parts are arranged into part families, where each part family possesses similar design and manufacturing characteristics.
成组技术是一种制造哲理，利用设计和制造过程中的相似原理，将相似的零件划分为一族，相似的零件安排在同一零件族，同一族的零件具有相似的设计和加工特征。、
14、P32 【例7】引申译法
Jigang will fix this problem during the recent shut down of the finishing mill.
济钢会在最近的精轧机停产时解决这一问题。
15、P33 【例10】增译法
As we know，all matters consist of molecules，and molecules（consist）of atoms.
众所周知，一切物质由分子组成，而分子由原子组成。
16、P33 【例14】省译法
Semiconductors devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating power or warmed up time.
半导体器件没有灯丝，因此不需要加热功率或加热时间。
17、P33 【例16】词类转换法
The shadow cast by an object is long or short according as the sun is high up in the heaven or near the horizon.
物体投影的长短取决于太阳是高挂天空还是靠近地平线。
18、P34 【例18】词类转换法
Quasi-stars were discovered in 1963 as a result of an effort to overcome the shortcomings of radio telescopes.
类星体是1963年发现的，是人们努力克服射电望远镜的缺点所取得的一点成果。
19、P34 【例19】语序调整法
Earthquakes seem less easy to be controlled by man than weather.
人类要控制地震似乎比控制天气更难。
20、P36 【例29】翻译标准之译文通顺
Magnetic is an iron oxide mineral which has the interesting property that it will pick up pieces of iron.
磁铁矿石是一种氧化铁矿石，它具有吸起磁铁的有趣特性。
21、P42 【例6】转译法——动词转换为名词
Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter.
气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的压缩性。
22、P42 【例8】转译法——动词转换为副词
The molecules continue to stay close together, but do not continue to retain a regular fixed arrangement.
分子仍然紧密地聚集在一起，但不再继续保持有规律的固定排列形式。
23、P42 【例10】转译法——名词转换为动词
The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance.
操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。
24、P43 【例16】转译法——动名词转换为动词
The flowing of current first in one direction, and then in another makes an alternating current.
电流先向一个方向流动，然后又向另一方向流动构成交流电。
25、P43 【例21】转译法——形容词转换为动词
If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics.
我们如果不知道原子的结构，就不可能研究核子物理学。
26、P44 【例26】转译法——形容词转换为名词
This metal is less hard than that one.
这种金属的硬度比那种差。
27、P44 【例28】转译法——形容词转换为副词
We must make full use of existing scientific technology.
我们必须充分利用现有科学技术。
28、P45 【例35】转译法——副词转换为形容词
The wide application of electronic computers affects tremendously the development of science and technology.
电子计算机的广泛应用，对科学技术的发展有极大的影响。
29、P45 【例40】转译法——副词转换为名词
These parts must be proportionally correct.
这些零件的比例必须准确无误。
30、P45 【例45】转译法——副词转换为动词
In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.
在这种情况下，炉膛温度就升高。
31、P46 【例51】转译法——介词短语转换为名词
The new precision machine tools are very good in quality and fine in shape.
新型精密机床质量上乘，样式美观。
32、P47 【例59】表达性增词——增加概括性的名词
The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related.
频率、波长和声速三方面是密切相关的。
33、P48 【例62】表达性增词——在抽象名词后增加名词
Oxidation will make metals rusty.
氧化作用会使金属生锈。
34、P48 【例68】表达性增词——增加关联词
Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it.
因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任何一个物体均会受到空气的作用力。
35、P49 【例76】增补数量词
For reasons the alternating current is more widely used than the direct current.
由于种种原因，交流电比直流电用得更为广泛。
36、P50 【例88】冠词的省译
A computer system consists of a computer and some peripherals.
计算机系统是由计算机和一些外部设备构成的。
37、P51 【例99】代词的省译——物主代词的省译
The diameter and the length of wire are not the only factors to influence its resistance. 导线的直径和长度不是影响电阻的唯一因素。
38、P52 【例108】介词的省译——省译表示时间或地点的介词
This engine has been working for over 10 hours.
这台发动机已经连续工作超过10小时。
39、P53 【例113】连接词的省译——省译并列连接词
Pure water freezes at 0℃and boils at 100℃under standard pressure.
在标准大气压下，纯净水在摄氏零度时结冰，在摄氏一百度时沸腾。
40、P53 【例116】连接词的省译——省略从属连词
Ductility of a metal is usually much less when hot than when cold.
热状态的金属韧性一般要比冷状态的金属低得多。
41、P53 【例121】动词的省译
The result of the experiment is rather satisfactory.
实验结果相当令人满意。
42、P54 【例128】修辞性省译——省略比较级标记
To make it simpler, research workers often use specific gravity instead of density.
为了方便起见，研究人员常常使用比重而不用密度。
43、P55 【例130】代词的重译——人称代词的重译
Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.
与其说海洋分隔了世界，不如说海洋连接了世界。
44、P56 【例138】多枝共干结构中共有成份的重译
Gas, oil, and electric furnaces are most widely used in industry.
工业上广泛应用的是煤气炉、油炉和电炉。
45、P57 【例141】单词分译——分译副词
The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.
中国人看起来为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。
46、P57 【例146】单词分译——分译动词
Increasingly sophisticated computer-controlled robots are entering industry to cut down production costs, time and labor requirements.
日益完善的由计算机控制的机器人正在进入工业领域，以降低成本、缩短生产时间、减少劳动力。
47、P58 【例148】短语及分句的分译——分译分词短语
Four node equations may be written based on an energy balance.
根据能量平衡的原则，可以写出四个节点的方程。
48、P58 【例154】短语及分句的分译——分译名词化结构
Even the dissolution in water cannot enable common salt to change its chemical properties.
即使我们将普通食盐溶于水，也不能改变其化学性质。
49、P59 【例158】长句的分译
Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost, and lime which can be obtained from calcinations of limestone widely present in nature.
塑料是由水、煤和石灰组成的。水是取之不尽的到处可以获得的天然资源；煤是用自动化和机械化手段开采的，成本较低；石灰是由煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的。
50、P59 【例160】英语单句的合译
The water must be kept free from harmful bacteria. It should be colorless and relatively odorless.
水应该是无色且相对无味的，应当避免沾染有害细菌。
51、P60 【例162】英语主从复合句的合译
Fig.1 incorporates many of which must be considered in developing a satisfactory system.
图一所示的许多因素，在研制良好系统时必须予以考虑。
52、P61 【例169】英语减少分句的复句合译
This type of “early discovery’ of lung cancer followed by surgical cure, which currently seems to be the most effective form of therapy, is often bubbled by diverse biologic behaviors in the rate and direction of growth of cancer.
人们希望“早期发现”肺癌，随后进行外科治疗，因为外科治疗可能是效果最好的办法。然而，由于肺癌生长速度和生长方向等生物学特征有很大差异，早期发现的希望往往落空。
53、P62 【例172】英语定语语序调整——单词后置定语词序的调整
Water is a substance suitable for preparation of hydrogen and oxygen.
水是适于制取氢和氧的一种物质。
54、P63 【例180】英语状语语序调整——英语后置状语调整为汉语前置状语
Faraday discovered the Law of Electromagnetic Induction after years of trial, error, and trial again.
经过几年的试验、失败、再试验，法拉第终于发现了电磁感应定律。
55、P64 【例185】缩略语的零翻译
Beijing has designed three hospitals with experience treating SARS patient to receive swine flu patients.
北京政府已经指定三家有治疗SARS病人经验的医院来接收猪流感病人。
56、P69 【例6】根据学科领域或专业确定词义
When an acid reacts with a base, a neutral product usually results, and we call it a salt.
当一种酸和一种碱起反应时，通常形成一种中性产物，我们称之为盐类。
57、P73 【例32】根据涉指关系辨识词义——指示照应
The two units used most frequently in electricity are volt and ampere; This is the unit of voltage and that of current flow.
电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：伏特是电压单位，安培是电流单位。
58、P74 【例37】根据语境辨识词义
Science is a servant of mankind.
科学造福于人类.
59、P75 【例46】词义引申的基本方法——词义明确化引申
The liquid carries the current through cell between the two plates.
液体使电流通过电池，由一块极板流向另一块极板。
60、P76 【例53】某些词类的引申——动词的词义引申
This current which flows first in one direction and then in the other is called an alternation current.
这种流向改变的电流称为交流电。
61、P77 【例58】副词的词义引申
The thicker the wire, the more freely it will carry current.
导线越粗，就越容易导电。
62、P77 【例63】英语介词的翻译——省译法——省译表示与主语有关的介词
Gold is similar in color to brass.
金子的颜色和黄铜相似。
63、P78 【例70】英语介词的翻译——省译法——in表示某一方面或处于某种状态时可以省译
Adverse to iron, mercury is in a liquid state at ordinary temperature.
水银与铁不同，在常温下是液态。
64、P79 【例80】英语介词的翻译——增译法——翻译时适当予补出英语中省略的词
The computer can read in and out information in less than a second.
这台计算机能在不到一秒的时间里输入和输出数据。
65、P80 【例89】英语介词的翻译——转译法——介词with表示原因、状态时常常译成汉语的连词
With its great potential, the wide use of optical communications will not come overnight.
虽然光通讯有巨大的发展潜力，但它不会在一夜之间就得到广泛的应用。
66、P81 【例104】英语代词的翻译——代词的一般译法——省译——还原
The most common acceleration is that of freely falling bodies.
最普通的加速度是自由落体的加速度。
67、P82 【例108】代词转译为连词
Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily.
物质具有一定的特征，因此我们能很容易地识别它。
68、P83 【例115】人称代词的译法——还原
Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller units known as “subatomic particles.”
原子虽小，却仍由叫做“亚原子例子”的更小单位组成。
69、P84 【例128】形容词性物主代词译成“其”
The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.
两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和高度而言比较小。
70、P86 【例154】英语连词的翻译——连词的省略
Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.
几乎所有的物质都热胀冷缩。
71、P87 【例160】英语连词的翻译——连词的转换
Every object, large or small, has a tendency to move toward every other object.
每一个物体，无论大小，都有向其他物体移动的倾向。
72、P87 【例166】英语形容词的翻译——转译为名词
The new chip is about 1.5 times as integrative as that of the old ones.
新型芯片的集成度是旧型号的1.5倍。
73、P88 【例167】形容词转译为动词
The electricity crisis can be solved as long as low-cost power is available.
只要能获得低成本的电力，电力紧张问题就会解决。
74、P88 【例169】形容词转译为副词
This gives a visual representation of the relationship between them.
这可以直观地显示他们的关系。
75、P89 【例180】“形容词+不定式短语”作后置定语可译为汉语的“的”字结构
The force necessary to stretch the spring is great.
拉伸弹簧所需的力很大。
76、P90 【例186】形容词并列结构作定语常常后置，可以顺译，也可将后置定语译在被修饰名词之前
Many problems, both technological and financial, need to be solved.
许多问题需要解决，即包括技术问题又包括财政问题。
77、P90 【例192】作表语形容词的转译
Such recent terms as chemical physics and biophysics are indicative of the widening application of the principles of physics, even in the studies of living organisms.
像化学物理学和生物物理学这类新术语，就是物理学原理被推广应用的明证，表明其应用范围甚至已扩展到生物机理的研究中。
78、P91 【例198】副词作状语位于句首
Scientifically it would still be a big leap to go from cloning a sheep to cloning humans, and it is premature to discuss this as if it were inevitable going to happen.
在技术上，从克隆羊到克隆人还有很长的路要走，现在就把它们作为不可避免的事情来讨论还为时过早。
79、P92 【例211】被动语态中副词一般采用直译法
The AC and DC components can be treated separately.
交流和直流分量可以分别加以处理。
80、P93 【例222】英语普通名词翻译——增补法
The expansion of metal on heating must be taken into consideration before a long metal bridge is built.
要建造金属大桥，就必须考虑金属的热膨胀特性。
81、P94 【例227】名词转译为形容词
The theory is of great importance that the hotter a body is, the more energy is radiates.
物体越热，其辐射的能量越多，这一理论极为重要。
82、P94 【例232】名词的省译
Going through the process of heat treatment, metals become much stronger and more durable.
金属经过热处理后，强度更大，更加耐用。
83、P95 【例241】动词转译为名词
Modern industry needs considerable quantities of this metal, either in the form of iron or in the form of steel.
现代工业对这种金属的需求量很大，无论是铁的形式还是钢的形式。
84、P97 【例257】倍数减少、比较的表达及翻译
If you treble the distance between an object and the earth, the gravitational attraction gets nine times weaker.
如果一个物体与地球之间的距离增加两倍，则它受到地球的引力会减小到原来的1/9。
85、P99 【例267】出于汉语词语搭配的需要
In 1943 the British developed a new type of radar set which used a much shorter wavelength.
1943年，英国人发明了一种波长短得多的新型雷达。
86、P104 【例6】现在分词短语作时间状语，翻译成“……之后”
Being cooled in the air, this kind of steel becomes harder and harder.
在空气中冷却之后，这种钢就变得越来越硬。
87、P105 【例18】现在分词短语作让步状语，可根据上下文适当加入“虽然……但”、“即使……也”、“哪怕……也”等
The photon, not having a material mass, may be considered as having radiation mass.
光子虽然没有物质重量，但可以认为它具有辐射质量。
88、P107 【例36】过去分词短语译成并列分句或后续分句
The energy in coal and oil came from the sun, stored there by the plants of millions of years ago.
煤和石油里的能量来自太阳，是由数百万年前的植物储藏起来的。
89、P108 【例43】介词短语作定语译为动宾结构的句式
Pollution is caused either by man’s release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.
引起污染有两种途径：一是人们经常把全新的人造物质释放到环境中，或是把大量的天然物质，譬如油轮溢出的石油，释放到海里。
90、P109 【例46】介词短语作状语译为状语从句
With the base grounded, transistor Q4 is a very high impedance.
当基极接地时，晶体管Q4便成为一个非常高的阻抗。
91、P111 【例63】不定式短语作主语的顺译与倒译
It will become possible, with the aid of electronic computers, to produce goods by teams of machines that transfer materials from one to another.
借助电子计算机，利用几组机器把材料从一台机器传送到另一台机器来生产产品将成为现实。
92、P112 【例73】不定式作定语，译成动宾关系短语
Another important factor to be taken into consideration is that current strength is equal at certain points in a series circuit.
需要考虑在内的另外一个重要因素是串联电路中电流强度处处相等。
93、P113 【例78】不定式作定语，在there be句型中的译法
There are some metals to possess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized.
金属具有导电能力和被磁化能力。
94、P115 【例88】不定式作宾语补足语，可顺译为主谓结构作整个句子的宾语
Short circuits would cause very strong currents to flow.
短路会使得很大的电流流过。
95、P116 【例99】名词短语译成主谓关系短语
The primary concern of electrical engineering is doing of work by the delivery of energy.
电工学主要关注的是通过输送能量做功的情况。
96、P122 【例11】主语转译为状语
The application of the innovative design makes the electric machine become smaller and more efficient.
由于在设计方面的革新，电机的体积变小而且效率提高。
97、P123 【例22】谓语转译为状语
This kind of satellites is designed to burn up in the earth’s atmosphere after completing their missions.
按其设计，这种卫星在完成使命后于大气层中烧毁。
98、P124 【例29】表语转译为宾语
This material is sound-proof.
这种材料具有隔音效果。
99、P125 【例35】宾语转译为主语
The new equipments provide a relatively small loss of energy.
新设备的能耗较小。
100、P127 【例50】状语转译为定语
When a spring is tightly stretched, it is ready to do work.
拉紧的弹簧随时可以做功。
101、P129 【例60】英语长句翻译——倒译法
Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has strong affinity.
铝总是和其他元素结合在一起，最普遍的是和氧结合在一起，因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力。由于这个原因，在自然界中任何地方都找不到游离状态的铝；所以一直到十九世纪人们才知道有铝。
102、P130 【例66】英语长句的翻译——分译法
Great efforts will be made to achieve advancement and independent innovation of technology, which will lead to improved safety and cost-efficiency of nuclear power reactors and competitiveness of nuclear power.（长句分译法）
我们将更努力实现先进的技术和技术的自我更新，这将提高核反应堆的安全和成本效益及核电的综合性能。
103、P130 【例67】英语长句的翻译——重组法
When you use a computer to process information, you must have input, which is the data you will deal with; you must process the data, which is the act of doing something with data according
to instructions, and you must have output, which is the result of your processing.
使用计算机处理信息时，必须输入所要处理的数据；同时必须按工作指令处理这些数据；最后，还必须有输出，即处理的结果。
104、P132 【例78】定语从句的转译法
Metals, which contains free electrons, are good conductors of electricity.
由于金属含自由电子，所以是电的良导体。
105、P133 【例84】地点状语从句的翻译
Wherever conductors are needed, insulators will be indispensable.
凡是需要导体的地方，就缺不了绝缘体。
106、P133 【例88】让步状语从句的翻译
Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonic, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be.
各种机器零件，不管多脏，也不管多么不规则，用超声波处理，都可以清理得干干净净，甚至像新零件一样。
107、P134 【例90】目的状语从句的翻译
The ozone layer which surrounds the earth shields the planet lest it be subjected to strong ultraviolet radiation.
地球上空的臭氧层起着保护地球的作用，以免其受紫外线强烈辐射。
108、P135 【例105】同位语从句译成定语
Obviously there was little probability that they would succeed in electrolysis.
很明显，他们在电解方面成功的可能性是极小的。
109、P136 【例111】宾语从句的翻译一般采用直译法将宾语从句译作汉语的宾语Scientists have already known that under the extreme temperatures, say 260℃, metal presents zero resistance, that is, superconductivity of metal.
科学家们已经了解到，在极端的温度下，比如零下260℃，金属呈零电阻，也就是说，金属具有超导性。
110、P137 【例115】非人称主语句译成人称主语句
The principal objection to arc lighting was its high intensity, making it unsuitable for most indoor applications.
人们反对弧光灯，主要是由于其灯光强度高，因而，不适用于大多数的室内照明。
111、P141 【例13】被动语态局译为被动隐含句
The finished products must be carefully inspected before delivery.
成品出厂之前必须仔细地予以检查。
112、P142 【例27】译作主语的是句中的某一状语成份
The newly-found electrical material is widely used home and abroad.
国内外广泛采用这种新型电工材料。
113、P143 【例31】“it+被动态谓语+主语从句”的句型常译为无主句或采用加译主语的译法
It should be noted that increasing the length of the wire will increase its resistance.
应当注意，增加导线长度会增加其电阻。
114、P144 【例43】虚拟让步句的译法
If something should go wrong, the signal lamp would light up.
万一发生什么事故，信号灯就会照亮。
115、P146 【例52】陈述句的倒装
So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
光的传播如此之快，以致我们难以想象它的速度有多大。
116、P146 【例54】虚拟条件句的倒装
Should the current be cut off, coil would return to its original position.
如果切断电流，线圈即恢复原来的位置。
117、P147 【例62】祈使句+and+句子，可译为“（如果）……，就……”
Set an object in motion, and it will keep on moving because of its inertia.
使物体运动起来，它就会因惯性作用而继续运动。
118、P148 【例68】时态——一般过去时
He developed a computer model based on the data accumulated in these studies.
他根据研究中积累的数据研制了一个计算机模型。
119、P148 【例70】时态——一般将来时
If broken anywhere, the electric circuit will immediately stop carrying a current.
不论在什么地方切断，电路都会立即停止通电。
120、P148 【例72】时态——现在进行时
Since 1964, Alcan has been using digital computers to help control and optimize the output of its various processes.
自1964年以来，加拿大铝业公司一直在利用数字计算机来帮助控制公司的各种生产过程和使该过程的生产最佳化。
为方便大家复习准备考试，特整理科技英语翻译考试重点句子，因所有句子及翻译均人为手打，请以课本为准。
——研电1411班倾情奉献
常见英文连接词和句型总结讲解学习
常见英文连接词和句 型总结
作文过渡词的用法 1、表示时间的 at first 起初 next 接下来 then 然后 after that 那以后 later 后来 soon 不久soon/shortly after ……之后不久finally 最后 in the end 最后 eventually 最终 at last 最后 lately 近来 recently 最近now=at present=nowadays since then 自从那时起 after that 那以后 after a while 一会儿 afterward 后来 to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点 immediately马上meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时 until now 直到现在 suddenly=all of a sudden 突然 as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候at the age of… 在……岁的时候 as soon as 一……就…… early in the morning 大清早 after/before dark 天黑后/前 from now on从现在开始 from then on 从那时开始 2、表示列举和时序 first, second, third…finally last but not the least最后但并非最不重要的firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, 首先 for one thing其一 for another其二, at the same time , at first , at last 3、表示列举
小议科技英语翻译技巧
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
英语作文万能总结句
英语作文万能总结句 1、Taking all these factors into consideration， we naturally e to the conclusion that… 把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论…… 2、Taking into aount all these factors， we may reasonably e to the conclusion that … 考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论…… 3、Hence/Therefore， we’d better e to the conclusion that … 因此，我们最好得出这样的结论…… 4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点.
5、All in all， we cannot live without … But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之，我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题. 1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为…… As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____. 2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future. 3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……
英语作文万能句型总结
英语作文万能句型总结 1、It's important/necessaryforsb.todosth.(对…来说做某事是重要的/必要的) 这个句式可以广泛地应用于各种表达观点或者建议的作文。比如，说到友谊，你可以说"对我们来说，交朋友是非常有必要的";说到健康的建议，你可以说"对你来说，每天跑步是很重要的";说到梦想，你可以说"对我们来说，拥有梦想是很重要的"等等。 2、notonly…but also…(不但…而且) 它可以连接两个主语一致的句子："她鼓励我努力"和"她帮我复习功课"这两个简单句子就可以用这一句式连接，变成"她不仅鼓励我努力学习，还帮我复习功课";它还可以连接两个观点："读书给我带来了快乐"和"读书开阔了我的眼界"，可以变成"读书不仅给我带来了快乐，还开阔了我的眼界"。 3、help sb.(to)do/help sb.with(帮助某人做某事) 它可以用在"写人记事"的作文中，比如"我的老师帮我学习";也可以用来表达"建议"的作用，我们可以在刚才的"对你来说，每天
跑步是很重要的"这句话后面加上"因为它可以帮助你保持健康和精力充沛"。 4、make名词adj.(让某人/某事…) 在"写人记事"的文章中，写了一个事情后，总要写一下心情，否则作文会比较单薄。此时，这个句型就非常有效，比如"在她的帮助下，我取得了好成绩"，这句话后就可以加一句"它让我感到非常的高兴和自豪"。 5、so…that…(如此…以至于) 只要涉及到"结果"的两个相关句子就可以使用这个句式。比如"我的脚受伤了"和"我几乎无法走路"就可以变成"我的脚受伤如此严重以至于我几乎无法走路"。 6、spend…doing sth.(花费时间做) 这个句式可以用很多场合：提建议，叙述往事，花钱，花时间等。比如"我的老师帮我学英语"就可以改成"我的老师每天花1个小时帮我学英语";一个建议"对你来说，每天跑步是很重要的"，也可以添加这一句型，变成"对你来说，每天花30分钟跑步是很重要的"。
科技英语翻译练习
一．句子翻译练习；英译汉 1. It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts. 严禁乱拆,以免损坏该设备的零件。 2.All living things must, by reason of physiological limitations, die. 由于生理上的局限, 一切生物总是要死亡的。 3. The removal of minerals from water is called softening. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 4.Gene piracy is not new. 窃取基因不是新鲜事。 5.All plants and animals need carbon for growth. 所有的动植物均需要碳才能生长。 6. Failure to fix these symbols in mind keeps students from mastering the mathematical subjects they take up. 由于未能记住这些符号,使得许多学生无法掌握他们选修的教学课程。 7. This higher cost is not entirely due to the shape of the part, or the use of a more expensive metal. 成本教高不完全是由于部件的形状,也不是由于使用的金属比较昂贵。 8. A chicken is a suitable specimen for the study of the general external features of a bird. 鸡是研究禽类外部特征的合适范例。 9. The flow of electrons is from the negative zinc plate to the positive copper plate. 电子从负的锌极流向正的铜极。 10. As a ship is loaded, it sinks deeper into the water, displacing an additional amount of water equal to the weight of the added load. 船装了货吃水更深,其排开的附加水量等于所装货的重量。 11.Non-mobile robots, capable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly, are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world. 不能行走的机器人能学会做工,并能孜孜不倦地工作,今天在世界各地的工厂里得到了使用。 12.The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power. 蒸汽机发明的结果是, 机械力代替了人力。 13.Agricultural technique spreading centers have been set up everywhere in that province, helping farmers to do their work in a more scientific way. 该省已普遍成立了农技推广中心,帮助农民以更加科学的方法种田。 14.When two bodies oscillate at the same frequency, they are said to be in resonance. 当两个物体以相同的频率震动时, 我们说它们处于共振状态。 15.Temperature is changed quickly from room temperature to 125℃and is held there for at least 15 minutes. 使温度很快从室温升到125℃, 并至少保持15分钟。 16.After sealing the header is cleaned and then the leads are clipped to the desired length. 封焊后把管座清洗干净,然后把引线剪到所需长度。 17.The damage caused by acid rain can be alleviated by adding lime to lakes, rivers and streams and/or their catchments' areas. 往湖泊、河流和溪流及(或)它们的集水区中撒石灰,可以减轻酸雨所造成的损害。
华北电力大学科技英语翻译汇总题库
2018<科技英汉互译教程>上篇期末考试范围 P.23例2 This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves special consideration. 这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。 P.24 例3 If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive. 如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。 例7 Keep the batteries in dry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away. （如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。 这种句式中，祈使句表示条件，and后面的句子表示结果，可译为“如果……，就……”，或者“……就”。 P.25例12 In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. 换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但须经过挖握、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。 例14 The solar wind grossly distorts the earth's magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail. 太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。 译文中将分词短语译成了动词并列式分句（或后续分句），即在一个主语下使用两个或两个以上的并列动词，用逗号隔开。 P.26 例17 The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction. 用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力。 例20 An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science. 要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。 P.27 例23 The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth. 月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界，是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼，太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰，而浸长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。 原句中含有4个分句：由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰a world；介词on+关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰a world的同位语a sterile mountainous waste；关系副词where 引导的定语从句，也修饰a sterile mountainous waste；so…that引导的结果状语从句。 例24 Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers, operating with numbers, and giving the result in numerical form. 计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。
初中英语作文万能句型总结
初中英语作文万能句型总结，让你英语作文不用烦现在学生不管是中考、期末考、月考……还是什么大大小小的考试，英语作文是必考项，重要性不言而喻。当然，英语作文也是让大多数学生最头疼的事情。提高英语写作能力不是一蹴而就的，但是能把英语作文变成单词填空的话，那会大大的节省时间和精力，以小的投入获取大回报!!这种方法虽然不可取，但是在突击作文提分、面对的难写的作文时候很有可能达到事半功倍的效果! 下面这些英语作文万能句子，是厚学小编特地为大家整理的，掌握了这些，你的英语作文不在忧伤。 一、开头万能句型 1、互联网(可替换为手机)已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。 Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well。 2、如今，(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。 Nowadays，(overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face。 3、随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为… With the development of science and technology，more and more people believe that… 二、结尾万能句型 1.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来…… In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future。 2.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)…… But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____, while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______。 3.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……
科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
科技英语翻译
十个必须收藏的SCI论文翻译技巧 ? ?| ?浏览：8 ?| ?更新：2014-10-25 00:11 ?| ?标签：翻译 要使译文显得比较流畅和专业，就必须懂得技巧，专家整理收集了一些技巧，以供大家学习，下面为大家介绍必须收藏的十大技巧，英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的技巧作指导。常用的技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。 方法/步骤 1. 1 1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式， 在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如：（1）What about calling him right away?马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语） 2. 2 2. 省译法：这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语 思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词）
3. 3 3转换法：指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说，就是在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词；把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词；把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语；把谓语变成主语、定语、表语；把定语变成状语、主语；把宾语变成主语。在句型方面，把并列句变成复合句，把复合句变成并列句，把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面，可以把主动语态变为被动语态。我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。Our institute is co-a dministrated by the States Education Commission and the municip al government. (名词转动词) 4. 4 4.拆句法和合并法：这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people a re justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。（在定语从句前拆译） 5. 5 5.正译法和反译法：这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。在美国，人人都能买到枪。In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译)In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) 6. 6
考研英语作文常用句子总结
考研英语作文常用句子总结 句型在英语学习中占有不可替代的作用，背诵一些有用的句子对于我们来说也是非常重要的。考研英语作文冲刺复习要注意积累，记忆一些好的句式。素材丰富了，大家才能下笔灵活，下面分享的这些考研英语常用写作句型，大家可以收藏。 1.The cartoon vividly shows an important truth that…漫画生动地揭示了一个重要的道理 2.As is vividly depicted in the drawings 漫画生动地描述了 3.Clearly, the cartoon reveals a very common problem in our society 很明显，漫画揭示了我们社会的一个普遍现象 4.The implied meaning of the drawings is that 漫画的寓意是 5.As is manifested in the cartoon 如漫画所示 6.The two drawings stand in a sharp contrast 两幅图形成了鲜明的对比 7.A ridiculous situation 一个可笑的场景 8.To grasp the full implication 充分理解寓意 9.With sweats trailing down the face 汗流满面 10.There is no denying that… 毋庸置疑…… 11.There is a general assumption that 人们普遍认为 12.To make careful decision 认真做决定
浅析科技英语中长句的翻译技巧
翻译期末作业论文 浅析科技英语中长句的翻译 A brief analysis on translation of long sentence in scientific English 浅析科技英语中长句的翻译 摘要 如今随着社会的不断发展，科学技术也越来越尖端并且正在不断的更新中。同时随着经济全球化发展，各国的科学技术也在互相补足与融合。而这时候，为了能有更准确的理解，标准的科技英语翻译工作自然就成了科学技术的重要生产力。科技英语翻译的重要性也越发突出。本文将分析科技英
语中长句和复合句的使用及分类，然后重点解析科技英语中长句的几种翻译技巧，从而能将复杂的科技英语中长句准确的译为汉语。 引言 科技英语是用来陈述自然界、科技界所发生或出现的事情, 描述其规律、特点、过程等的语言, 其表达客观准确、逻辑性强、结构严谨。为了更好地记录自然界的现象和科技界的动态, 用来记录的句子往往偏长、结构复杂。所以在科技英语的翻译实践中遇到的具体问题之一就是科技英语长句的翻译，那么如何处理长句呢？这不仅需要掌握一定量的词汇，而且最重要的必须掌握相应的翻译技巧方可能更准确的翻译。本文包含五个部分：首先，介绍了科技英语中长句的特点；其次，讲述了科技英语中长句和复合句的分类；再次，则分析了科技英语中长句的应用和在科技英语中英语长句的优点；接下来，这也是本文的重点，也就是浅析了科技英语中长句的几种翻译技巧；最后，则是全文的一个总结概述。 1.科技英语中长句的特点 科技英语的特点主要是术语繁沉、论证严密，翻译时要特别注意逻辑是否严谨、术语是否准确、表达是否简练明确。在实践过程中，科技英语长句的翻译是一个比较复杂、棘手的难题。不仅限于并列句和复合句，简单句有时也很长，它的一个重要特点就是修饰语较长，这些修饰语一般都是短语和从句，它们或是位于名词后面的短语或从句，或是位于动词后面的短语或从句。 因此，为了兼顾译文的准确性和可读性，我们就要掌握一定的方法和技巧。 2.科技英语长句的分类 2.1Sentence with a number of subordinate clauses of different levels. E.g.Perhaps the factor thatmakes a positive outcome most likely is the clear recognitin by the Japane se government and business community that there is an emergent need for innovation, and a wide agreem entthat the national interest requiredthatmajor effort be concentrated in this area. 也许，带来积极结果的因素很大可能上是日本政府和商业界对当前急切需要创新和国家利益要求需在该领域投入更多的努力的认知。 2.2The sentence with a series of past-modifiers, like a chain E.g. Each cylinder is encased in a water jacket, which forms part of circuit through which water is
科技英语翻译
形合和意合 1.昨天看电影我没有买到好票。 I did not buy good seat for movie last day. 2.这个车间既做来料加工，又做来样加工。 This workshop processes raw material on client’s demand and processes according to investor’s sample as well. 3.她在中国留学服务中心工作。 She works at Chinese service center for Scholarly Exchange. 4.烤烟，苹果，羊毛和甘薯是延安的四大农产品，年产量3.12亿元，占农业总产值的52.5%。 Cured tobacco, apples, wool and sweet potatoes are the four main agricultural products in Yan’an, their output values at 312 million yuan RMB, according for 5.2% of its total agricultural output values. 5.可以预言，钛材在飞机或各种飞行器上的应用将会与日俱增，并且在其他工业中的应用也会扩大。 It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasing in aerospace and in other industries. 6.If rise of blood pressure occurs with some other disease, it is called secondary hypertension. 某种与其他疾病伴发的高血压，称为继发性高血压 7.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book. 本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。 8.一种微生物能够破坏另一种微生物，这种现象最早是巴斯德发现的，他指出这可以用到医疗上去。 That a microganism is capable of destroying one of anther species was first discovered by Pasteur, who pointed out that can be used to the therapeutic use. 英汉句子中心的差异 1.他们培育出的细胞看上去像胚胎干细胞，这的确令人惊讶。 It’s truly amazing that they can produce cells that look like embryoric stem cells. 2.1968年12月阿波罗8号宇宙飞船上那些想家的宇航员们在太空拍下了整个地球的彩照，此后在1970年4月很快就出现了第一个地球日，这绝非是历史的偶然。 It’s no accident of history that the first Earth Day in April 1970 came so soon after the color photograghs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission to the moon December 1968. 3.你们已经取得了进步，对此我毫不怀疑。 There has been no doubt in my mind of the progress which you have achieved. 4.由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快的重新实现访问，这使我感到特别高兴。 I was all the more delighted when as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 5.由于现代世界的发展和近年来在单门学科狭窄前沿上的研究进展，出现一些极其复杂的难题，单凭一两人的力量是无法对它们进行透彻研究的。 One cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent development in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. 6.这种小型热带鱼由于具有自行修复受损和患病的眼部细胞的独特能力，长期以来一直为科学家所关注。The tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in their own eyes. 7.不努力就不会成功。 One can never succeed without making great efforts.
初中英语作文万能模板范文万能句子汇总之初二英语作文慰问信等3个话题(含中文对照)
初中英语作文万能模板范文万能句子 篇一：初二英语作文A Letter of Sympathy 慰问信 A Letter of Sympathy ——to the Parents of the Columbia Astronauts Dear parents of the Columbia astronauts. I am a student from X X Middle School in China. My name is Li Ming. I was very sorrowful when I learned from TV that SpShuttle Columbia broke up during re-entry and seven astronauts all lost their lives. You have lost your lovely sons arid daughters. You must be very grieved. However, you must also be proud of your children, because they have done great contributions to space projects. So please restrain your sorrow.Although this time they thiled, we could I get some experience from their failure. We will continue developing space projects, because we can explore the space through those projects and search for more information about sion that they haven't done.
英语作文万能模板及万能句型汇总
中考英语作文万能模板及万能句型汇总 作文万能模板 一、阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述． １．阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．２．分析并举例使其更充实． 二、解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 １．问题现状２．怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点） In recent days，we have to face a problem-----A，which is becoming more and more serious. First，------------（说明Ａ的现状）．Second，---------------（举例进一步说明现状）Confronted with A，we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing，---------------（解决方法一）。For another -------------（解决方法二）。Finally，--------------（解决方法三）。 Personally，I believe that -------------（我的解决方法）。Consequently，I’m confident that a bright future isawaiting us because --------------（带来的好处）。 三、说明利弊题型 这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测） １.说明事物现状２.事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）３.你对现状（或前景）的看法Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally，its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------（Ａ的优点之一）。Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）。 But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------（Ａ的第一个缺点）．To make matters worse，------------------（Ａ的第二个缺点）． Through the above analysis，I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore，I would like to ---------------（我的看法）．（From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A，we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way，---------------（对前景的预测）．）