考研英语语法分词解析(三)中公考研
三、分词的否定式
分词或分词短语表示否定意义时，将not置于分词之前，不能放在分词之后。
例句： Equipment not conforming to official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. (2001年第24题)
分析：该句是简单句。not conforming to official safety standards是分词短语作后置定语修饰equipment。
译文：凡是不符合官方安全标准的设备都已经搬出了车间。
例句： Not having been destroyed by the heavy snow， our houses at last were kept perfect during last winter.
分析：该句是简单句。 Not having been destroyed by...在句中作状语表示原因，相当于because our houses had not been destroyed by...。
译文：由于没有遭到大雪的破坏，去年冬天我们的房子最终完好无损。
四、独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子主语保持一致，即句子的主语便是它的逻辑主语，否则就会出现悬垂或荡空结构(前面已讲过)，但有时分词有其独立的逻辑主语，即分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，这就是独立主格结构。
(一)独立主格结构公式
逻辑主语A+分词(短语)+主B谓
在上述公式中，其中(逻辑主语+分词短语)属于独立主格结构，主谓是一完整句子，两者位置可以相互调换，A、B两主语不一致(A、B由名词或代词充当，有时也可在逻辑主语A 前加上介词with或without)，如前面所述例句。
例句： All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm， we decided to take the train.
分析： All flights...the snowstorm是独立主格结构部分， we decided...为一完整句子， all flights和we所指不一样，即分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致。另外，公式中分词短语也可用不定式、形容词等来代替。
(二)独立主格结构具体构成
1. 逻辑主语+分词(现在分词或过去分词)
例句： The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports， each making one major point in contrast with the other. (1996年第5题) 分析：该句是简单句。分词each making...在句中作同位语，对two news reports 做进一步解释，可以改成...two news reports, and each makes...。
译文：本文开头和结尾描述了两则新闻报道，每则都各有一个与另一则相对立的论点。
例句： A new technique worked out， the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.
分析：该句是简单句，A new technique worked out是一独立主格，在句中作状语表示原因，可改为because a new technique had been worked out。
译文：由于进行了技术创新，整个产量增加了20%。
2. 逻辑主语+介词短语
例句： Mr. Chen stood there， (with)a cap on his head.
分析：该句是简单句。(with)a cap on his head在句中作状语表示伴随，相当于and a cap was on his head.
译文：陈先生站在那里，头上戴了一顶帽子。
3. with/without+逻辑主语+分词
例句： Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone added to the system， so does the value of a computer system increase with each program turns out.(1997年第7题)
分析：该句是并列句。其中with each new phone added to the system相当于because each new phone has been added...。so does...为一倒装结构，表示前面所陈述情况适合于后者。
译文：正像网络电话的价值随着每一部新电话进入系统而提高一样，电脑系统的价值也随着每一个软件的开发而提高。
例句： With prices fluctuating so much， it s hard for the company to plan a budget.
分析：该句是简单句。With prices fluctuating so much在句中作状语表示原因，相当于because/since/as prices fluctuate so much。
译文：由于价格波动太大，公司难以做出预算。
专升本英语语法重点汇总
专升本英语语法重点汇总 一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very important. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English wel l. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important. 3、When was it that he bought a new car 五、倒装句型
高中英语语法分类练习题8 分词
练习8 分词 （） 1. __________ with the best students, I still have a long way to go. A. Having compared B. To compare C. Compared D. Compare （） 2. The music of the film _________ by him sounds so ___________ . A. playing, exciting B. played, excited C. playing, excited D. played, exciting （） 3. __________ against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home. A. Warned B. Having warned C. To warn D. Warn （） 4. In __________ countries, you can’t always make yourself _______ by speaking English. A. English-speaking, understand B. English-spoken, understand C. English-speaking, understood D. English-speaking, understood （）5. After _____________ the old man, the doctor suggested that he ___________ a bad cold. A. examining, should catch B. examined, had caught C. examining, had caught D. examined, catch （） 6. _____________ , Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it. A. Be a good swimmer B. Being a good swimmer C. Having been good swimmer D. To be a good swimmer （）7. ________ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary. A. Having not known B. Not to know C. Don’t know D. Not knowing （）8. As his parent, you shouldn’t have your child ___________ such a book. A. read B. to read C. reading D. be reading （）9. He returned from abroad ______________ that his mother had been badly ill. A. heard B. having been heard C. having phoned D. having been phoned
高英语语法专项练习：过去分词
过去分词专项训练 Part1: Fill in the blanks 1. When_______(ask) why he was late, he went red.(脸红了) 2. Deeply ____ (move) by the story, she began to cry. 3. He walked out of the house，_______ （follow）by his pet dog ______(name )Snoopy. 4. When______ (travel), you should take care of your health. 5. Although________ (shock) at the nationwide milk crisis, many mothers still showed they would choose the brands of milk powder cautiously instead of saying “no” to it. party. 6. Even if______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening = Even if I______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening party. 7 _______(dress )in white, she looks really pretty. 8 ________(see) the picture, I couldn’t help thinking of his good old days. 9 Can you see the boy ___________ (question) by the police now? 10 The building ___________ (complete) at the end of this year will be our library. 3. At last the man managed to make himself ___ with his ____ French. A. understood; broken B. understand; break C. understanding; breaking D. understand; broken 4. _____ to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, the computer is playing a more and more important role in social life. A. Considered B. Considering C. To consider D. Consider 5. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 6. Daring, Can’t you get _________ quickly, only fifteen minutes for the party! A. changing B. change C. to be changed D. changed 7. We must study as much as possible to meet the needs of a _________ world we face. A. ever-changed B. ever-change C. ever-changes D. ever-changing 8 The ________ story of the hero _______ everyone to tears. A. moving; moved B. moving; moving C. moved; moved D. moved; moving 9. After the storm there were quite a few ______ trees on the ground. Many people saw them ______ down when the storm came up. A. fallen; fall B. fallen; fallen C. fallen; to fall D. falling; fall 10. To our great grief, there were more than 10 million people _______ in the Wen Chuang earthquake. A. killing B. to be killed C. killed D. having been killed em big at all. 11 _____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t se A Compare B When comparing C Comparing D When compared 12. If one third of a person’s blood _______, they may die. A. lost B is lost C. is losing D. loses tudents ____ outside to come in right away. 13. It’s time for the class meeting. Tell the s A. playing B. to play C. played D. who play 14. ____ drivers are a danger to the safety of the public. A. Drank B. Drunk C. Drinking D. Drink - 1 - / 3
2017年考研英语重点语法解析
2017年考研英语重点语法解析 2017考研英语语法重难点精解(真题) 一般将来时(Simple Future Tense) 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，其形式和用法如下所述。 1. will/shall+动词，表示单纯的将来含义。 例句：Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could decline. (2001年第23题) 分析：该句是复合句。written and spoken作定语修饰language;that后是一结果状语从句。 译文：有朝一日，软件既能用来做文字翻译又能做口头翻译，而且能翻译得很好，以至于对任何通用的第二语言的需求都会下降。 例句：Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth and will be very expensive. (选自2006年Text 2) 分析：该句是复合句。which引导的定语从句修饰its own hotel;从句中you may be sure 是插入语，从句的主干部分为which will be decorated with...and will be very expensive。 译文：希尔顿正在那儿建立自己的酒店，你或许可以肯定它将配有(以莎士比亚剧中人物的名字命名的)哈姆雷特汉堡包店、李尔王休息室、班柯宴会包间等，而且价格非常昂贵。 2. be going to+动词，表示按计划或打算在最近的将来做某事，也可表示对未来的预测。 例句：As long as poor people, who in general are colored, are in conflict with richer people who in general are lighter skinned, there is going to be a constant racial conflict in the world. (1999年第18题) 分析：该句是复合句。定语从句who in general are colored和who in general are lighter skinned分别修饰poor people以及richer people;从句的主干部分为poor people are in conflict with richer people。 译文：一般来说，只要穷人与富人(也就是一般的有色人种和白色人种)之间有冲突，那么这个世界上的种族冲突就不会停止。 例句：Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly?contested market. (选自2005年Part C) 分析：该句是简单句。 译文：显然，只有规模最大、应变能力最强的电视传媒集团才能够在这个精彩纷呈而又竞争激烈的市场中生存。 3. be to+动词，表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或要求别人去做的事，常用来表示官方的命令、决定、禁止、许可等。 例句：If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed，they must first change the relationship between America?s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract. (选自2011年Text 4) 分析：该句是复合句。其中，在主句中，定语从句it hopes to attract修饰audience。 译文：如果吉尔伯特和纽约爱乐乐团想获得成功，他们首先必须改变美国最古老的交响乐团和其想要吸引的新一批观众间的关系。 例句：But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of
英语语法 -ing分词的用法
英语语法-ing分词的用法 ing分词的用法 1、-ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 一般式完成式 主动形式doing 主动形式having done 被动形式being done 被动形式having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 4. -ing分词的语法作用 -ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 1)–ing分词（短语）作主语： Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。如： There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
英语语法详解ed分词(三)
英语语法详解ed分词（三） Her eyes filled with tears, she did not notice his ing. 18) This , we went out to play. ［A］ was done［B］ did［C］ was dong［D］ done 19) all his followers dead, the mander was taken by his enemy. ［A］ For［B］ As［C］ Because of［D］ With 1) B为正确答案。空档前是一完整的句子，在没有连词的情况下，不能填充A和D；根据题意，"利息"是"通过…(被)挣来的"，有被动之意，所以选B。 2) B为正确答案。此句的意思是"房子"被"遗弃，没人住"，是被动的意义，而A和C都不符合这一点。D是动词不定式，一般表示将来或具体动作，所以D也不对。 3) D错。应去掉多余的"is"，使-ED分词"examined"作后置定 语修饰"object"。C处并没有错。"present"是形容词，它与后面的 成分构成形容词短语修饰限定前面的"the ratio…carbon"。 4) D为正确答案。这句话前半句的-ED分词相当于一个时间状 语从句"When he was inaugurated a second time …"，主句的主语应当是人，所以A和D为可能选项，但A中的look forward to后应跟名词，那么只有D为正确选项。 5) A为正确答案。本句的意思是"在显微镜下看，雪花……"，显然这里的看是"被观察"之义。B、C、D都表示主动，A为正确选项。
考研英语语法大全———自己总结
考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后， 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表：
即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时； 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时； 在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中，动词do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 （三）时态详解 16个时态中，常用的有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(过去分词)
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语； 过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系； 过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
非谓语动词-ed分词
学习必备欢迎下载 20XX届高三英语语法复习(11) 非谓语动词---过去分词(III) 一、不规则动词过去分词表 (1)AAA型 cost（花费）cost cost cut（割）cut cut hit（打）hit hit hurt 伤害）hurt hurt let（让）let let put（放）put put read （读）read read (2) AAB型 beat（跳动）beat beaten (3) ABA型 become（变成）became become come（来）came come run（跑）ran run (4) ABB型 dig（挖）dug dug get（得到）got got hang（吊死）hanged hanged hang（悬挂）hung hung hold（抓住）held held shine（照耀）shone shone sit（坐）sat sat win （赢）won won meet（遇见）met met keep （保持）kept kept sleep（睡）slept slept sweep（扫）swept swept feel（感觉）felt felt smell（闻）smelt smelt leave（离开）left left build（建设）built built lend（借出）lent lent send （传送）sent sent spend（花费）spent spent lose （丢失）lost lost burn （燃烧）burnt burnt learn（学习）learnt learnt mean（意思是）meant meant catch（抓住）caught caught teach（教）taught taught bring（带来）brought brought fight （战斗）fought fought buy（买）bought bought think（想）thought thought hear （听见）heard heard sell（卖）sold sold tell（告诉）told told say（说）said said find（找到）found found have/has（有）had had make（制造）made made stand（站）stood stood understand明白understood understood (5) ABC型 begin（开始）began begun drink（喝）drank drunk ring（铃响）rang rung sing （唱）sang sung swim（游泳）swam swum blow（吹）blew blown draw （画）drew drawn fly（飞）flew flown grow（生长）grew grown know（知道）knew known throw（投掷）threw thrown show（出示）showed shown break（打破）broke broken choose（选择）chose chosen forget（忘记）forgot forgotten (forgot) speak（说，讲）spoke spoken wake（醒）woke woke drive（驾驶）drove driven eat（吃）ate eaten fall（落下）fell fallen give（给）gave given rise（升高）rose risen take（取）took taken mistake（弄错）mistook mistaken ride（骑）rode ridden write（写）wrote written do（做）did done go（去）went gone lie（平躺）lay lain see（看见）saw seen wear （穿）wore worn be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were been 二、形式与含义
考研英语语法长难句讲义-简单句并列句【】
考研英语：语法长难句
目录 第一课奋斗的开始-简单句 (3) 一什么是英语句子？ (3) 二英语句子的基本结构 (3) 三句子的成分 (4) 四简单句的考点分析 (6) 第二课难点稍露尖尖角并列句 (9) 一什么是并列句？ (9) 二并列连词及与其同义的逻辑关系词 (9) 三并列句的考点分析 (9)
第一课奋斗的开始-简单句一什么是英语句子？ 英汉句法结构的差异 举例： ?北京机场就要到了。 ?我要去剪头。 二英语句子的基本结构 1.主谓 2.主谓宾 谓语：实义动词 3.主谓表 谓语：系动词 系动词主要分为以下六类： ?be ?感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feel ?变化：become, get, turn, grow, fall ?保持：keep, stay, remain, stand ?表象：seem, appear
?终止：prove 4.主谓双宾 5.主谓宾宾补 举例： ?I bought him a dog. ?You should keep the room clean and tidy. ?We made him our monitor. ?His father told him not to play in the street. 三句子的成分 1.谓语 1）谓语的成分： 举例： ?Your mother must very beautiful. 2）动词能不能多？ 举例 ?Laugh at others is my hobby. ?I enjoy see movies. ?My dream is become a rich lady. 练习 ?他穿上外衣，锁上门，离开了家。 ?大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。 ?长江流经不同的生态体系，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。 ?我爱你，你爱我。 ?冬天来了，春天就不远了。
英语专升本考试重点复习内部资料 (专升本英语语法,词汇,阅读理解、翻译)
语法七大语法考试重点 一独立主格 （一）：独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 二过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。 2）用法 a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t. 3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
考研英语语法分词解析(三)考研
三、分词的否定式 分词或分词短语表示否定意义时，将not置于分词之前，不能放在分词之后。 例句： Equipment not conforming to official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. (2001年第24题) 分析：该句是简单句。not conforming to official safety standards是分词短语作后置定语修饰equipment。 译文：凡是不符合官方安全标准的设备都已经搬出了车间。 例句： Not having been destroyed by the heavy snow， our houses at last were kept perfect during last winter. 分析：该句是简单句。 Not having been destroyed by...在句中作状语表示原因，相当于because our houses had not been destroyed by...。 译文：由于没有遭到大雪的破坏，去年冬天我们的房子最终完好无损。 四、独立主格结构(Absolute Construction) 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子主语保持一致，即句子的主语便是它的逻辑主语，否则就会出现悬垂或荡空结构(前面已讲过)，但有时分词有其独立的逻辑主语，即分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，这就是独立主格结构。 (一)独立主格结构公式 逻辑主语A+分词(短语)+主B谓 在上述公式中，其中(逻辑主语+分词短语)属于独立主格结构，主谓是一完整句子，两者位置可以相互调换，A、B两主语不一致(A、B由名词或代词充当，有时也可在逻辑主语A 前加上介词with或without)，如前面所述例句。 例句： All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm， we decided to take the train. 分析： All flights...the snowstorm是独立主格结构部分， we decided...为一完整句子， all flights和we所指不一样，即分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致。另外，公式中分词短语也可用不定式、形容词等来代替。 (二)独立主格结构具体构成 1. 逻辑主语+分词(现在分词或过去分词)
动词-ed分词的用法讲解
动词-ed分词的用法 一、基本概念 1.分词的定义 1.动词的-ed 分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2.过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词（相当于被动语），在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1）过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don't touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的（它是被打坏的）。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2）过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 如：The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 （excited people 被激动了的人） We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。（被资质认证过的老师，或经过资质认证的老师。）过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗? The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。 3）过去分词做状语： -ed 分词和-ing 分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when 或while 来强调时 间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市
考研英语语法重难点精解(6)：副词(一)
考研英语语法重难点精解(6)：副词（一） 副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子。 例句：Andrew, my father s younger brother, will not be at the picnic, much to the family s disappointment. （1997年第3题） 分析：该句是简单句，其中副词much修饰介词短语to the family s disappointment。 译文：我父亲的弟弟安德鲁不会参加野餐，这令全家人非常失望。 一、副词的分类 1. 时间副词，如now, yesterday, today, ago, then, lately, soon, shortly, immediately, finally, recently, before, tomorrow。 例句: Americans today don t place a very high value on intellect. （选自2004年Text 4）分析：该句是简单句。 译文：现在美国人不重视智力。 2. 地点副词，如here, there, above, below, downstairs, upstairs, home, somewhere, everywhere, elsewhere, down, up, anywhere等。 例句：Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. （选自2002年Text 1）分析：该句是复合句，两个which引导的定语从句分别修饰an example和a story，前 一个which引导的定语从句为非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。 译文：比如说，在一次护士大会上，我听到了一个能很好地发挥幽默效果的故事，因为所有的听众都对医生持有相同的看法。 3. 程度副词，如fairly, rather, very, almost, too, quite, enough, so, much。 例句: She had clearly no intention of doing any work, although she was very well paid.（1997年第34题） 分析：该句是复合句，although后面跟的是让步状语从句。 译文：虽然付给她的报酬丰厚，但她无意去工作。 4. 频率副词，如sometimes, often, usually, always, frequently, constantly, rarely, seldom, never, occasionally。 例句：In addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served. 分析：该句是简单句，其中built in意为“内嵌式的”。在方式状语中，that need to