定语从句的用法(基础讲解)
定语从句的用法
撰稿:郭素清 责编:白雪雁
【真题再现】
1. — What do you think of the school uni forms? ”
— Very good. I like clothes _______ make me feel comfortable. ”
【2012贵州贵阳】
A. that
B. what
2. There will be a flower show in the park ________ w e visited last week. 【2012 广东】 A. who
B. whe n
C. what
D. which
3. — Now ma ny peo pie smoke and get ill.【2012 广西玉林】 —So we should do someth ing __________ can help stop smok ing. A. what
B. who
C. /
D. that
4. I still remember the time _______ we spent together at XiSai mou nta in last year. 【2012 湖北黄石】
A. whe n
B. what
C. who
D. which
5. One of the most delicious drinks ___________ I like is orange juice. 【2012 湖北十堰】
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. whom
6. — There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister?
【2012 湖北随州】
—The one__________ hat is yellow. A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. which
7. We all like the story about the teacher ________ h appened in our school last week.【2012 湖北咸宁】 A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. what
8. The English-Chinese dictionary ________ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value. 【2012江苏南京】 【用法讲解】 考试要求:
定语从句一般不是中考重点考查内容,大部分地区的中考只要求理解定语从句,但是部分地 区也对定语从句的引导词及定语从句中的主谓一致进行了考查,但是理解定语从句的结构对于准 确理解句子的意思相当重要。 1. 定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。 定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:
This is the p rese nt that he gave me for my birthday. 这是他为我生日送的礼物。
C. who
A. whose
B. whe n
【答案与解析】
1. A 。考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词 which 或that 。根据句意“你觉得校服怎么样呀?很好, C. who
D. that
由于先行词是物,所以引导词用
clothes 是“物”,所以定语从句的引导词用 我喜欢穿舒服的衣服”
。
which 或that ,而且引导词在
2. D 。考查定语从句引导词的用法。 定语从句中作宾语。
3. D 。定语从句的先行词是不定代词
4. D 。由于定语从句中的先行词是 或which ,故选D 。
5. B 。由于定语从句的先行词 drinks 被形容词最高级修饰,所以引导词只能用 that ,而不用which 。
6. B 。考查定语从句的引导词,
根据句意可知引导词在定语从句中作定语,
修饰hat ,只能选whose 。
7. A 。本题需要准确找出定语从句的先行词 the story ,是指物而不是指人,所以定语从句的引导词
用which 而不用who 。
8. D 。考查定语从句的引导词。由于先行词是物,且引导词在定语从句中作宾语,所以用
someth ing,所以定语从句的引导词用
that 。
time ,且引导词在从句中作宾语,所以定语从句的引导词用
that 。
that
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
你认识来宴会的每一位吗?
This is the p lace where Chairma n Mao once lived.
这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。
2.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
(1)who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。
The boy who is weari ng the black jacket is very clever.
穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。
(2)whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate ?
你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗?
Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
你要见的李先生已经来了。
(3)whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:
The girl whose mother is ill is stay ing at home today.
她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。
I know the boy whose father is a pro fessor.
我认识他父亲是教授的那个男孩。
(4)which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:
A dict ionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
字典是一本解释单词意思的书。
Here is the book (which) the teacher men tio ned yesterday.
这是老师昨天提到的那本书。
(5)that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
I ' ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news.
我已经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。
Who is the person that is readi ng the n ews paper over there?
正在那儿读报纸的人是谁?
(6)when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
I ' ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。
He arrived in Beiji ng on the day whe n I left.
就在我离开那天他到得北京。
(7)where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
This is the house where we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的那个房子。
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的东边。
3.关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副
词又在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词可作主语、宾语或定语,关系副词可作状语。
(1)作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。例如:
I don ‘ t like peopW ho talk much but do little.
我不喜欢说得多而做得少的人。
The cars which are produced in Hubei Provinee sell very well.
湖北生产的汽车销售得很好。
(2)作宾语:例如:
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. 她是我昨天在校门口遇见的那个人。
The book that my gran dmother gave me is called The Great Esca pe. 奶奶给我的那本书叫《大逃亡》。(3)作定语:关系代词 whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:
What' s the n ame of the young marwhose sister is a doctor? 他的妹妹是医生的那个年轻男子叫什么名字?
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
她的父亲是一位老师的那个女孩学习很努力。
(4)作状语
I ' ll never forget the dayvhen I first came to Beijing. 我将从不会忘记我第一次来北京的那天。
This is the house where I was born. 这是我出生的那个房子。
4.具体使用时注意下列问题:
只能使用that,不用which的情况:
⑴ 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。
例如:All that he said is true.所有他说的都是真的。
(2)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very 等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which。
例如: This is the only book that the old woman is interested in. 这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
例如:It was the sec ond house that I bought. 这是我买的第二个房子。
(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
例如:This is the best book (that) I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的最好的书。
(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。
例如: He talked about the people and the things that he remembered. 他谈论他记起得的人和事。
只能用which,不能用that的情况:
(1)在非限制性定语从句中。例如:
I will take this one, which was exactly what we wan ted. 我想买这个,它确实是我想要的。
(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:
The thing about which he is talk ing is of great importance. 他在谈论的那个事是很重要的。
(3)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体
概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是
与and this相似。例如:
He succeeded in the comp etiti on, which made his parents very happy.
他在比赛中成功了,这使他父母很高兴。