定语从句的用法(基础讲解)

定语从句的用法(基础讲解)
定语从句的用法(基础讲解)

定语从句的用法

撰稿:郭素清 责编:白雪雁

【真题再现】

1. — What do you think of the school uni forms? ”

— Very good. I like clothes _______ make me feel comfortable. ”

【2012贵州贵阳】

A. that

B. what

2. There will be a flower show in the park ________ w e visited last week. 【2012 广东】 A. who

B. whe n

C. what

D. which

3. — Now ma ny peo pie smoke and get ill.【2012 广西玉林】 —So we should do someth ing __________ can help stop smok ing. A. what

B. who

C. /

D. that

4. I still remember the time _______ we spent together at XiSai mou nta in last year. 【2012 湖北黄石】

A. whe n

B. what

C. who

D. which

5. One of the most delicious drinks ___________ I like is orange juice. 【2012 湖北十堰】

A. which

B. that

C. whose

D. whom

6. — There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister?

【2012 湖北随州】

—The one__________ hat is yellow. A. who

B. whose

C. that

D. which

7. We all like the story about the teacher ________ h appened in our school last week.【2012 湖北咸宁】 A. which

B. who

C. whom

D. what

8. The English-Chinese dictionary ________ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value. 【2012江苏南京】 【用法讲解】 考试要求:

定语从句一般不是中考重点考查内容,大部分地区的中考只要求理解定语从句,但是部分地 区也对定语从句的引导词及定语从句中的主谓一致进行了考查,但是理解定语从句的结构对于准 确理解句子的意思相当重要。 1. 定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。 定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:

This is the p rese nt that he gave me for my birthday. 这是他为我生日送的礼物。

C. who

A. whose

B. whe n

【答案与解析】

1. A 。考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词 which 或that 。根据句意“你觉得校服怎么样呀?很好, C. who

D. that

由于先行词是物,所以引导词用

clothes 是“物”,所以定语从句的引导词用 我喜欢穿舒服的衣服”

which 或that ,而且引导词在

2. D 。考查定语从句引导词的用法。 定语从句中作宾语。

3. D 。定语从句的先行词是不定代词

4. D 。由于定语从句中的先行词是 或which ,故选D 。

5. B 。由于定语从句的先行词 drinks 被形容词最高级修饰,所以引导词只能用 that ,而不用which 。

6. B 。考查定语从句的引导词,

根据句意可知引导词在定语从句中作定语,

修饰hat ,只能选whose 。

7. A 。本题需要准确找出定语从句的先行词 the story ,是指物而不是指人,所以定语从句的引导词

用which 而不用who 。

8. D 。考查定语从句的引导词。由于先行词是物,且引导词在定语从句中作宾语,所以用

someth ing,所以定语从句的引导词用

that 。

time ,且引导词在从句中作宾语,所以定语从句的引导词用

that 。

that

Do you know everybody who came to the party?

你认识来宴会的每一位吗?

This is the p lace where Chairma n Mao once lived.

这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。

2.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

(1)who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。

The boy who is weari ng the black jacket is very clever.

穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。

(2)whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate ?

你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗?

Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

你要见的李先生已经来了。

(3)whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:

The girl whose mother is ill is stay ing at home today.

她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。

I know the boy whose father is a pro fessor.

我认识他父亲是教授的那个男孩。

(4)which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:

A dict ionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

字典是一本解释单词意思的书。

Here is the book (which) the teacher men tio ned yesterday.

这是老师昨天提到的那本书。

(5)that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

I ' ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news.

我已经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。

Who is the person that is readi ng the n ews paper over there?

正在那儿读报纸的人是谁?

(6)when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

I ' ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。

He arrived in Beiji ng on the day whe n I left.

就在我离开那天他到得北京。

(7)where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

This is the house where we lived last year.

这是我们去年居住的那个房子。

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的东边。

3.关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副

词又在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词可作主语、宾语或定语,关系副词可作状语。

(1)作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。例如:

I don ‘ t like peopW ho talk much but do little.

我不喜欢说得多而做得少的人。

The cars which are produced in Hubei Provinee sell very well.

湖北生产的汽车销售得很好。

(2)作宾语:例如:

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. 她是我昨天在校门口遇见的那个人。

The book that my gran dmother gave me is called The Great Esca pe. 奶奶给我的那本书叫《大逃亡》。(3)作定语:关系代词 whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:

What' s the n ame of the young marwhose sister is a doctor? 他的妹妹是医生的那个年轻男子叫什么名字?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

她的父亲是一位老师的那个女孩学习很努力。

(4)作状语

I ' ll never forget the dayvhen I first came to Beijing. 我将从不会忘记我第一次来北京的那天。

This is the house where I was born. 这是我出生的那个房子。

4.具体使用时注意下列问题:

只能使用that,不用which的情况:

⑴ 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。

例如:All that he said is true.所有他说的都是真的。

(2)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very 等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which。

例如: This is the only book that the old woman is interested in. 这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。

(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。

例如:It was the sec ond house that I bought. 这是我买的第二个房子。

(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

例如:This is the best book (that) I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的最好的书。

(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。

例如: He talked about the people and the things that he remembered. 他谈论他记起得的人和事。

只能用which,不能用that的情况:

(1)在非限制性定语从句中。例如:

I will take this one, which was exactly what we wan ted. 我想买这个,它确实是我想要的。

(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:

The thing about which he is talk ing is of great importance. 他在谈论的那个事是很重要的。

(3)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体

概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是

与and this相似。例如:

He succeeded in the comp etiti on, which made his parents very happy.

他在比赛中成功了,这使他父母很高兴。

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