健全公路机械管理体制有利于提高施工机械现代化水平

健全公路机械管理体制有利于提高施工机械现代化水平

一公路施工机械管理发展

A highway construction equipment management development

随着我国市场经济的发展以及科技水平的进步，施工机械设备管理在公路施工中占有十分重要的地位。公路机械的管理主要是在两个阶段：

Along with our country the development of market economy and the progress of technology, construction machinery equipment management occupies an important position in road construction. Road machinery management is mainly in two phases:

首先，传统机械管理阶段。传统的机械由于结构较为简单，其维修的专业技术要求较低以及低成本的修理费用，所以传统的机械管理是以事后维修为主。而随着现代工业的发展，机械的事后维修影响了下一个工程的进度，而且现代机械的结构较为复杂，所以我们要逐渐建立“预防性维修”的机械管理理念，从事后维修转变到事前维修。

First of all, the traditional mechanical management stage. Traditional mechanical structure is relatively simple, the maintenance of professional

and technical requirements is low, and low cost of repairs, so traditional mechanical management is for later maintenance. But with the development of modern industry, mechanical maintenance later influenced the next project progress, and modern mechanical structure is relatively complex, so we have to gradually establish a "preventive maintenance" mechanical management idea, is engaged in the maintenance after the transition to maintenance in advance.

其次，机械的综合管理阶段。传统的机械管理出现了许多局限性的问题，所以逐渐产生了综合工程管理和全员维修的制度。主要是根据设备维修，来对现代化机械出现的问题，进行综合的管理。而后又借鉴欧美的管理经验，结合我国自身的机械管理实际情况，建立全员维修的制度。

Secondly, mechanical integrated management stage. There appear a lot of limitations of traditional mechanical management problems, so gradually produced a comprehensive project management and maintenance of the whole system. Mainly according to equipment maintenance, to modern mechanical problems, a comprehensive management. Then draw lessons from Europe and the United States of management experience, in combination with the practical situation of China's own mechanical management, set up a full maintenance system.

二公路施工机械管理的现状

The present situation of the second road construction machinery management

首先，没有认真落实相关机械的管理制度。虽然我国现代公路建设的发展速度较快，但许多企业并不重视对机械的保养，直至机械出现了严重的故障才对其检测和维修，降低了机械的生命周期，也流失了资产。这种不重视保养的管理对机械、施工人员以及工程存在很大的安全隐患。

First, there is no earnestly implement relevant machinery management system. Although the fast development of modern highway construction in our country, but many enterprises do not pay more attention to the maintenance of machinery, mechanical appeared until serious fault on the test and maintenance, reduce the mechanical life cycle, also lost assets. This does not attach importance to the maintenance management, construction personnel and mechanical engineering there is a big security hidden danger.

其次，施工企业不重视维修人员和操作人员的素质培养。现行的施工

企业只是一味对操作人员有技术上的要求，而不重视对人员的素质培养。导致机械的维修、操作技术在不断的降低。施工企业只注重短期的利益，为不为长期的发展做一个统筹性的长远规划，是施工机械管理的一个重大弊端。

Secondly, the construction enterprises do not take the quality training of maintenance personnel and operators. The current construction enterprise just has technical requirements to the operator, and don't pay more attention to the quality of personnel training. Result in mechanical maintenance, operations, technology is constantly reduced. Construction enterprises only focus on short-term interests, for don't do one for long-term development of long-term planning as a whole, is a major construction machinery management.

第三，不注重对公路施工机械更新，降低了施工的效率。由于施工企业对机械管理的重视度不够，机械的更新频率非常慢。同时也给施工人员的安全造成了很大的威胁。久而久之，企业的收益和信誉会逐渐降低，钢塑土工格栅最终对企业的整个效益造成影响。

Third, does not pay attention to update for road construction machinery, reduce the efficiency of construction. Due to the construction enterprise to the attention of the machinery management degree is not enough,

mechanical frequency of updates very slow. At the same time also to the construction personnel security caused great threat. Over time, earnings and credit will reduce gradually, ultimately affect the whole benefit of enterprise.

第四，落后的机械管理机构。我国许多企业在机械管理的过程中职责分工不明确，管理层几乎不关注机械管理，甚至把机械管理推诿给操作人员。在机械出现问题后，各个职能部门携带一种“嫌麻烦”的态度，对机械管理你推我让，导致机械的维修进度大大的延迟。从而影响整个工程的进度，这是我国公路施工的一个普遍的现象。同时，由于管理机构不健全导致整个管理的力量相对薄弱。

Fourth, behind the machinery management of institutions. Our country many enterprises in the process of mechanical management responsibilities are not clear, management focus on mechanical management, hardly even the machinery management shuffle to the operating personnel. After the mechanical problems, various functional departments carries a "trouble" attitude, you push me to the machinery management, cause delayed mechanical maintenance progress greatly. Which affect the whole project schedule, this is a common phenomenon in our country highway construction. Due to incomplete management mechanism at the same time, causing the management strength is

relatively weak.

三公路施工机械管理的方法

Three road construction machinery management method

首先，健全公路机械管理体制。它是落实管理的前提和基础，主要将其分为三个步骤：其一，对人员进行把关。对于操作人员的选拔，应该具有相关的技术操作证书，和机械施工上岗证，而且对其进行宣传机械管理意识。并妥善保管；第三，明确管理职责，对于施工机械出现的问题，建立一个专门的部门来负责管理、维修机械，保证机械出现故障时，能够及时、精确的修理好。双梁起重机总而言之，健全公路机械管理体制，有利于提高施工机械现代化水平，从而保证工程的质量和进度。

First, improve the management system of road machinery. It is the premise and foundation to carry out the management, it is mainly divided into three steps: first, to check staff. For operating personnel selection, should have related certificates of technical operations, and mechanical construction license, and to promote its mechanical management consciousness. And safekeeping; Third, clear management responsibilities for construction machinery problems, set up a special

department to be responsible for management and maintenance of machinery, mechanical failure, able to timely and accurately repaired. To sum up, improve the highway mechanical management system, to improve construction machinery modernization level, to ensure project quality and progress.

第二，对管理人员进行相关的技术培训。随着我国机械行业的不断发展，对于技术的要求也越来越高，旧有的技术已经不能适应现代化机械的操作，所以我们要加强对管理人员的技术培训。首先，对其观念进行培训，对实际技能的培养。现代机械的结构相对来说较为复杂，幕墙所以管理人员要掌握相应的技术来对机械进行操作和管理。

Second of all, the related technical training for personnel management. With the continuous development of China's machinery industry, more and more is also high to the requirement of technology, the old technology already can not adapt to modern mechanical operation, so we should strengthen the management of technical training. First of all, the training concept, to the cultivation of practical skills. Modern mechanical structure is relatively complex, so the managers to master relevant technology to the mechanical operation and management.

第三，提高公路机械更新的频率。当然，更新并不是有新的机械类型

就立即购买、更换。而是对一些已经不适应于现代公路建设的机械，质量、安全有着直接的影响，所以企业应该为施工项目提供良好、优质的机械设备，提高施工的效率，保证工程的质量，继而使得企业的竞争力不断的增加。

Third, improve the highway mechanical frequency of the updates. Update not, of course, purchase, replacement as soon as have new machine type. But for some have not adapted to the modern machinery of highway construction, has a direct influence quality, safety, so the enterprise should provide good for construction project, the high quality machinery and equipment, improve the efficiency of the construction, ensure the quality of the project, which in turn increase the competitiveness of enterprises constantly.

第四，完善维修、保养的工作。首先，要确保维修人员的素质较高，责任心较强，并且对其进行专业的维修技能培训。在机械出现故障时，能够及时的对机械进行正确的修理，避免由于机械故障的问题延误施工的时间；其次，防水板也保证了施工人员的安全，提高工作效率。

Fourth, improve the repair and maintenance work. First of all, to ensure that maintenance personnel's quality is higher, a strong sense of

responsibility, and carries on the professional service skills training. In mechanical failure, in a timely manner to correct repair of machinery, avoid delays due to mechanical failure problem of construction time; Second, also guarantee the safety of construction personnel, improve work efficiency.

第五，结合市场来提高机械利用率。公路施工由于公路等级和规模的不同，所需的机械设备在结构、规格上也有所不同。我国公路施工中存在一种现象就是有任务的施工单位机械设备供应不足，而无任务的施工单位则机械闲置。所以我们可以把机械设备结合市场进行租凭，可以对闲置机械提高其利用率，减少技术落后和机械不足的风险，而降低风险的同时，苹果苗在一定程度上可以降低施工的成本，增加施工的经济效益。

Fifth, combined with the market to improve machine utilization. Highway construction, due to the different road grade and size required mechanical equipment on the structure, the specification is also different. A phenomenon exist in the highway construction in our country is a task of construction machinery and equipment are in short supply, while no task of construction units machinery spare. So we can combine machinery and equipment rental market, can improve its utilization of idle machinery, reduce the risk of backward technology and lack of machinery, and at the

same time, to reduce risk to a certain extent, can reduce the cost of construction, increase the economic benefits of construction.

四结语

4 conclusion

机械管理直接影响了人员的安全、施工的效率、工程的质量以及施工企业的整体效益，所以施工过程中，应该健全机械管理机制，保证机械的运行水平。电动单梁起重机加强对机械的管理，能够最大化施工工程、企业的经济效益和社会效益。

Mechanical management directly affect the efficiency of personnel safety, construction, engineering quality and construction enterprise overall efficiency, so the construction process, should improve the machinery management mechanism, to ensure that the machinery running level. Strengthen the management of machinery, to maximize the economic benefits of construction project, the enterprise and social benefits.