现在分词用法总结
v-ing用法（一）
--------作主语和宾语
形式若用作主语或者宾语时，也称为动名词。
1．形式有时态和语态的变化，结构如下表：
. She regretted having wasted so much time. 她后悔浪费了这么多的时间。
He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child.
2．形式的复合结构
（1）物主代词或名词所有格与形式构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
①形容词性物主代词+doing ②名词’s+doing
③代词宾格+doing ④名词+doing
. Mary’s being late for class made her teacher angry. 玛丽上课迟到使的她的老师很生气。
（2）形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③
④两种形式；作宾语时，①②③④四种形式都可以。
. Do you mind me coming late for the film 你介意我看电影来迟了吗
3. 作主语
（1）直接放在句首作主语，句子谓语动词用单数。
Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 集邮是很好的爱好。（2）在“it is no use/ no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ no pleasure 等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it 作形式主语。
. It is no use complaining; he can’t understand you.（3）在“it is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。
. It is useless speaking.
（4）形式短语用作主语时，常常由形容词性的物主代词或者名词所有格构成。
. Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。
（5）形式和to do不定式作主语的区别：一般说来，在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多使用形式；在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。
. To do such sort of thing is foolish. 做这种事真傻。
Smoking is harmful to our health. 吸烟有害健康。
4. 作宾语
（1）有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的动词有：escape 逃避；enjoy 喜欢；admit 承认；practise 练习；appreciate 欣赏；finish 完成；prevent 防止；avoid 避免；forbid 禁止；consider 考虑；forgive 宽恕； imagine 想象；risk 冒险；dislike讨厌；mind在意；save挽救；miss错过；suggest 建议；propose建议；
pardon 原谅；permit 允许；advise建议…
I suggest buying the book.
（2）有些动词短语后也要求跟作宾语，这样的动词短语有：
can’t stand 忍不住； can’t help 情不自禁；feel like 想，欲；put off 推迟…
. Do you feel like taking a walk 你要不要去散步
After reading the joke, I can’t help laughing.
（3）常跟在介词后作介词的宾语。这样的短语有：instead of 代替，而不是；look forward to 期盼，盼望；be good at; dream of; be interested in; insist on; set about; adapt to 适应；be used to 适应；devote... to...; care about; …
. We are looking forward to receiving your letter.
I will go shopping instead of staying at home.
（4）下列动词可用形式，也可用不定式作宾语，意义区别不大。如begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, hate, intend等。. Price will continue to rise/rising.
They began to make /making their study plan.他们开始制定学习计划。
（5）有一类动词（短语）既可接.-ing 也可接不定式，但意义区别较大。
remember / regret / forget to do.... 记着/ 遗憾/忘记要做……remember / regret / forget doing.... 记着/ 遗憾/忘记已经做
了……
try to do... 尽力去做…… mean to do...打算、意欲去做……
try doing... 试着去做…… mean doing...意味着……
stop to do...停下来去做另一件事can’t help doing... 禁不住做……
stop doing ... 停止正在做的事 can’t help to do...不能帮着做……
（6）在“have difficulty (trouble, a problem, a hard time, fun, a good time...) in + ; be busy (in) ; waste time(in) +; spend + time/ money (in)+ doing; There is no point(in) + ”等结构中，作介词宾语，in常常要省去。
. The children are busy playing their game.
I have some difficulty in finishing the work in only one day.
（7）用it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语放在后面。
主语+ think/ consider/ find/ feel like/ ... + it + no use / useless/ no good/ ...+doing
. I think it good getting up early in the morning.
I found it useless (no use) arguing about it.
5. 的被动式
（1）动词need，require，want，deserve后，用的主动形式表示
被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动结构。
. The watch needs mending. = The watch needs to be mended.（2）be worth 后面只能用的主动形式来表示被动意义。
. The book is worth reading.
用法（二）
作定语、表语和宾语补足语
包括两类：动名词和现在分词。它们形式一样，但是功能完全不同。动名词：作主语、宾语、表语、定语
现在分词：作表语、定语、状语、补语
1.作定语
形式可以当成动名词和现在分词，都可以作定语。
（1）动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能和用途。被修饰名词与动名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系；可用“名词+for+动名词”来表达；动名词通常只能位于所修饰的名词前。
a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 游泳池
a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖
a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
a washing machine = a maching for washing 洗衣机
a dancing hall = a hall for dancing 舞厅
（2）现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或者动作；被修饰的名词和现在分词在逻辑上有主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达。单个的
现在分词作定语，常置于被修饰的名词的前面；现在分词短语作定语，须置于被修饰名词的后面。
a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 一个正在睡觉的男孩 a drinking horse = a horse which is drinking 一匹正在饮水的马
an moving story = a story which moves people 一个动人的故事a terrifying sound = a sound which terrifies people 一阵可怕的声音
The girl swimming in the river (= who is swimming in the river) is good at dancing. 在河里游泳的那个小女孩舞跳得很好。
注：如果被修饰的名词是不定代词时，即使是单个现在分词作定语，也要放在不定代词之后。
（3）下列情况不能使用作定语，必须使用定语从句：
①作定语的现在分词表示动作与主语谓语的动作不是同时发生，要使用定语从句。
. The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.(误)
The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.
②现在分词的完成时一般只用来作状语，不作定语。
. The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.(误)
The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.(正)
（4）现在分词短语作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
. The sleeping boy is my aunt’s son.（表示动作正在进行）
动名词短语作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途，并不存在逻辑上的诸位关系。
. Can you tell me where the waiting room is
过去分词短语作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。
. The book written by him is very famous.
不定式短语作定语表示将来的动作。
. He said he had an important meeting to attend. 他说他有各重要的会议要参加。
2. 作表语
（1）动名词和现在分词都可以作表语。动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，指一般性、经常性的动作。表语和主语常可互换位置。
. Her job is teaching children to dance.
（2）现在分词作表语，相当于形容词，说明主语的性质，它与主语是逻辑上的主动关系，意思为“令人……的”。
. He was amusing. 他很有趣。
The situation is encouraging. 形式令人鼓舞。
能这样使用的常见的现在分词还有： charming，disappointing，interesting，exciting，puzzling，shocking，surprising，frightening等。
（3）动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般性的动作；不定式作表语表示一次具体的动作或者将要发生的事。
. His hobby is painting. 他的爱好是画画。（一般性的动作）
Today what he wants to do is to paint. 今天他要做的事是画画。
（具体的动作）
His wish is to become an artist. 他的愿望是成为一名艺术家。（将要发生的事）
3.作宾语补足语
跟在宾语后面，对其进行补充和说明，因此称为宾语补足语，通常称为“宾补”。宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。这时的形式是现在分词，它与宾语是逻辑上的主动关系，表示的是正在进行的动作。
. I saw him going upstairs.
We watched her crossing the street.
We heard her singing in her room.
常见的后面可以接宾语补足语的动词有：
（1）表示感觉和心理状态的词：see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, feel, smell, listen to, catch（碰巧发现），observe
等。
（2）使役动词：set，keep，have，get，leave，make等。
（3）有些动词（词组）: regard，describe，accept，think of，look on等之后，可有as引出动词ing形式作宾补。
. They describe the cartoon as being attractive. 他们描述说这个动画片很吸引人。
用法（三）
作状语
现在分词作状语
1. 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。它的各种形式变化：
如果表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，就用现在分词的一般式，如果先于谓语动词的动作发生，就使用其完成时态。
. Carrying a full basket of fruits, he entered the room.
Having bought everything she needs, she left the supermarket.
2.现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或者整个句子，表示原因、
时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
(1)作时间状语。
①形式所表示的动词已经发生，谓语动词表示的动作随之发生，可用现在分词短语作状语。
. Hearing the exciting news, the boy jumped for joy.
②现在分词表示的动作在进行的过程中美味与动词发生了，此时可以使用现在分词短语作状语，但有时在它的前面加上when或者while。 . Listening to the music, he feels excited.
= when he listens to the music, he feels excited.
While playing the piano, she got very happy.
③现在分词短语的动作完成之后，谓语动词表示的动作才发生没用的完成时作状语。
. We are ready for the examination, having made full preparations. 我们已经能够做好了充分的准备，现在可以应考了。
(2)作原因壮语。
现在分词做原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。
①现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用现在分词的一般式。
. Living far from my company, I have to get up early every morning.
. Being exhausted, the man fell on the ground and slept.
=Because the man was exhausted, he fell on the ground and slept.
②现在分词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生，用完成式。Having smoked too much, he has suffered from lung cancer.
(3)表示方式、伴随情况的状语。
现在分词短语表示方式或伴随比较常用，用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，它没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但可以转换为并列句。
. They went to the cinema, laughing and talking.
Following the old man, these children finally got out of the forest.
(4)作结果状语。
现在分词短语作结果状语，通常放在句末，中间有逗号。有时为了突出结果，分词前带有thus。
. The big earthquake happened in May near the small village, killing about 1000 people.
（5）作条件状语。
现在分词有时表示一中假设的情况，相当于一个条件状语从句，这种情况下，也在短语前加上if 或unless，使条件更明显。
his advice, you will solve the problem easily.
= If you take his advice, you will solve the problem easily.
Working hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.
（6）作让步壮语。
现在分词作让步状语时，相当于一个让步壮语从句，有时分词短语前也可带有连词although，whether，even if，even though。
. Knowing all this, I still want to see it for myself.
Working hard as he did, he still couldn’t secceed.（7）现在分词做评论性状语
有些惯用分词短语在句子里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。Generally speaking 一般来说 broadly speaking 广义上说Strictly speaking 严格说来 personally speaking 就个人而言
Frankly speaking 坦率地说 judging from/ by 由……判断Providing 如果 supposing 如果
. Considering the time, we have decided to start early tomorrow morning.
Judging from his accent, he must be from America.
高考英语复习方法总结单词讲解与分词讲解.doc
高考英语复习方法总结：单词讲解与分词讲 解 高考英语复习方法总结：单词讲解与分词讲解 高考英语复习方法总结：分词讲解 我们要讨论一下英语中一种非常重要的动词变化形式----三种非谓语动词的形式，即动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和两种分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)。今天我们着重讲一下分词。 分词，是动词的一种变化形式，只是这样变化完成之后，原先动词所具有的动作意义明显减弱了，更偏向于英语中形容词和副词的语法作用，因此在句中主要充当定语、状语和补足语。并且，使用分词可以起到简化定语从句和状语从句的作用，也就是分词可以起到定语和状语从句的语法作用，这一点我们会在下面的讲解中慢慢体会。 一、分词做定语 1、现在分词做定语 现在分词做定语主要有两种意义 (1)、表示主动、一般的动作 我们说过，分词是定语从句的简化，在分词表示这种意义时，若将分词改成定语从句，定语从句谓语动词要用一般现在时。此时，现在分词多数表示的是所修饰名词的一种持久性特点。 e.g a puzzling problem=a problem that puzzles everyone The exploring > (2)、表示主动地、正在进行的动作
此时现在分词所表示的是所修饰名词的一种短暂性特点，强调正在发生的动作 e.g falling leaves=leaves that are falling 2、过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语，也有两种意义 (1)、表示被动的、一般的或完成的动作 此时动词一般为及物动词，此时若将分词改成定语从句，定语从句谓语动词要用被动语态 e.g the exploited > The boiled water=the water that has been boiled(表示完成) (2)、主动地、完成的动作 由及物动词变来的过去分词才有被动意义，而由不及物动词变来的过去分词则不表示被动，只表示主动完成的语态。 e.g a retired general=a general that has retired. 总结：现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别是： A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义(不及物动词的过去分词除外)。 B.从时态角度来讲，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。 二、分词做状语 分词做状语，其实就是相应的状语从句简化的结果，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随 1、表示时间，分词短语一般至于句首。
come和go后接现在分词的用法归纳与对比
come和go后接现在分词的用法归纳与对比 一、表示日常生活或娱乐 come 和 go 后接日常生活的某些活动或娱乐活动，表示来做某事或去做某事，此时两者用法基本相同，只是“方向”不同。 1. come doing 的用例 Come dancing. 来跳舞。 Would you like to come sailing? 你愿意来坐船游览吗? Come swimming with us tomorrow. 明天跟我们一起游泳吧。 Why don’t you come ice-skating with us tonight? 今晚来和我们一起溜冰好吗? 2. go doing 的用例 It’s dangerous to go skating on the lake.在湖上滑冰有危险。 I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳，其余的人都打网球去了。 Could you look after the kids while I go shopping? 我去买东西，你照管一下孩子，好吗? On Saturdays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing. 我小的时候,我们星期六都一早起床去钓鱼。 还可表示方式或伴随 go后接现在分词可以表示“去”的方式，或者是伴随“去”还有另一个动作同时在发生。如： She slipped and went hurtling downstairs. 她一失足咕噜噜跌下楼梯。 The car went skidding off the road into a ditch. 汽车打滑冲出公路跌进沟里。 说明：在这类用法中，go doing 远比 come doing 用得普通，表示去进行该活动，其用法与上面讲到的“come+现在分词”相似，只是方向不同，一个表示“来”做某事，一个表示“去”做某事。 同时 go doing 的搭配能力也比 come doing 强得多，通常能这样搭配的现在分词有 climbing, cycling, exploring, dancing, fishing, hiking徒步旅行, hunting, riding, roller-skating, sailing, shooting, skating, skiing, surfing, swimming, walking, dancing, shopping, fishing, water-skiing 等。 They are going skiing. 他们要去滑雪。 They are going sailing. 他们要去航行了。 I’ m going shopping this afternoon.今天下午我要去购物。， 二、表示“来”“去”的方式 come 和 go 后面可以跟表示运动的动词的现在分词，可以“来”“去”的方式，含有“……来”“……去”之意，但在具体翻译时应灵活处理。 1. come doing的用例 She came running into the room. 她跑进屋来。 Memories of his childhood came flooding back. 他童年的往事涌上心头。 2. go doing的用例 She went sobbing up the stairs. 她呜咽着上楼去了。 The car went skidding off the road into a ditch. 汽车打滑冲出公路跌进沟里。 三、“go+现在分词”的其他用法
高中现在分词的用法
高中英语现在分词的用法 1）- ing分词（短语）作主语： 1. 动词-ing 形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如： 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。 3. Walking is my only exercise. 散步是我唯一的运动。 4. Talking mends no holes. （谚）空谈无济于事。 5. Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 1. 为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 常见的作表语的名词或短语有：no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time 等。如： It is worthwhile discussing with her. It 's no good waiting here. Let 's go home. It was a waste of time reading that book. 2. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not。如： Your schoolmate 's not coming home made her parents worried. 2）-ing 分词（短语）作宾语： 1. I suggest ending the meeting. 我建议结束会议。 2. He admitted taking the money. 他承认钱是他拿的 3. I couldn ' t help laughing.
高考英语一般现在时用法总结(完整)题库
高考英语一般现在时用法总结(完整)题库 一、单项选择一般现在时 1．Usually Beijing Roast Duck _____ together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet sauce. A．was served B．will serve C．is served D．served 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：通常北京烤鸭配上特制的薄煎饼、青葱和甜酱。句子说的是一般情况，要用一般现在时态；句子主语Beijing Roast Duck是单数第三人称，和谓语动词serve之间是被动关系，所以推知句子要用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为C。 2． Temperatures________ quite dramatically at night in mountains, so put on some warm clothes before going out. A．are dropped B．drop C．are being dropped D．have dropped 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：山里的气温晚上下降得厉害，所以出门前穿上一些暖和的衣服。山里的气温到晚上骤降是自然状况，应该用一般现在时的主动语态。故选B。 考点：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。 3．You’d better write down her address before you ________ it. A．forget B．are forgetting C．forgot D．will forget 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：趁你还没有忘记，最好把电话号码记下来。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时，故选A项 考点 : 考查动词的时态 4．All of you ______ at the school gate! We’ll soon start. A．will gather B．gather C．will be gathering D．are gathering 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查祈使句。本文属祈使句。带有命令的口气，相当于“All of you , please gather at the school gate!”所以选B。所有人到学校门口集合，我们马上要出发了。 考点：考查祈使句
英语分词的用法
英语分词的用法 英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。及物动词的现在分词表示正在进行和主动意义，过去分词表示已经完成和被动意义。现将常用的英语分词的用法归纳如下: 1.作定语 分词可用来修饰名词或代词，并和所修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 (1)前置定语 单个分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词之前，作前置定语。例如： What exciting news it is! 这是多么令人振奋人心的消息! There were a lot of excited people at the concert．演奏会上，很多人兴奋不已。 (2)后置定语 a、少数单个分词(尤其是过去分词为多)作定语时，也可作后置定语。例如： Make sentences with the words given ．用所给的词造句。 The goods ordered will be delivered soon. The money left is far from enough. Many people are dubious about the announcement from the authorities concerned. b、单个分词作不定代词的定语时，要放在被修饰代词之后，作后置定语。例如： Is there anything unsolved ? 还有没解决的问题吗? There is something missing ． 有东西丢失了。 c、分词短语作定语时，要放在被修饰名词之后，作后置定语。这时的分词短语相当于一个定语从句。例如： Do you know the old woman sitting under the tree ?(=Do you know the old woman who is sitting under the tree ?) 你认识坐在树下的那个老太太吗? There comes a girl dressed in red ．(=There comes a girl who is dressed in red ．) 一个穿红衣服的女孩走过来了。 2.作表语 分词作表语，相当于形容词。现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的性质或特征，含有“令 人……的”意思。过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的情形或状态，含有“感到……的”意思。例如： The match was very disappointing ． 这场比赛令人失望。 They were very disappointed ． 他们都非常失望。 3.作补语 (1)作宾语补语 a、分词作宾语补足语，宾语和现在分词(主动意义)有逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语和过去分词 (被动意义)有逻辑上的动宾关系。 分词通常用在see，hear, watch，notice，feel，find等感官动词或have，get，make
高考英语语法总结.pdf
高考英语语法总结 一．非谓语动词 一．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） " 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后 要还原to I 'd like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET 1995） A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C） 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
现在分词用法总结
现在分词 一、基础知识： 现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。 基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语： （1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ①It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ②It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。 eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有： A: start, begin, intend, attempt, continue等后接doing和to do无区别。 B: like, love, prefer, hate等后接doing和to do略有区别，后接doing侧重经常习惯性的行为，后接to do侧重具体的某一次行为。 eg: I like swimming in summer but today I like to see a film at home
初中英语现在分词用法总结
初中英语现在分词用法总结 一、基础知识： 现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。 基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语： （1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ① It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ② It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③ It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④ There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/
意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤ There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/ 无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥ There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦ There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有：
过去分词用法详解
过去分词的用法 一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。 二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作 三、过去分词的用法： 1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义 例如：（1）The cup is broken.（2）He is retired. （3）After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经变成形容词性质，主要表示主语的状态（被动完成）,而被动语态则表示动作. 例如：(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) （2）The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用 -ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……” 例如：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.
1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。 例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。 例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如：The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用v-ing形式 例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语 作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。 例如：Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表被动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。 例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting.
高中英语分词用法练习题及答案
习题精选---分词用法: 1.The boy went to the ball,＿like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2.＿in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made＿on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When＿,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5.＿to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. ＿his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7.＿on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 8.The old engineer talked of the difficulty they ＿the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. ＿such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10.＿the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen ＿near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play 12.Tom was very unhappy for ＿to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 13.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ＿“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 14. We went to see him yesterday evening, ＿him away. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found 15. ＿of plastics, the machines are easy to carry. A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made Suggested answers: 1-5 DACA B 6-10 BABAD 11-15 ADCCD
现在分词用法讲解
一、现在分词：在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。 二、现在分词的基本用法 1. 作表语：表主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing。 2. 作定语： (1). 表示主动的、进行的状态：The girl wearing blue skirt is my sister. = The girl who is wearing blue skirt is my sister. （比较：The factory being built now is a big one.） (2). 说明被修饰词的性质和特征：This is an interesting story. (3). 相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开：Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. (4). 与adv. / n. 构成复合词作定语：This is an English-speaking country. 3. 作状语：表示主动的、进行的状态，其逻辑主语是句中的主语。(如果不是，需在v.-ing 形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语: Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.) (1). 原因状语：Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home. (2). 时间状语：Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while：While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. (3). 条件状语：Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. (4). 让步状语：Weighing almost two hundred kilograms, the stone was moved by him alone. (5). 结果状语：He died, leaving nothing but debts. (6). 伴随状语：He sat by the desk, begging. 注意：The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 由此可知伴随状语的特点：①主语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作(状态)同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。(7). 方式状语：Following their teacher, the students entered the room quietly. 4. 作宾补：表示主动的、进行的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的“主表”或“主谓”关系：We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) / I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) 三、现在分词的两个基本特点 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行：a developing country, boiling water, rising sun (比较: a developed country, boiled water, risen sun) 2. 在语态上表示主动：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级(比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级) 四、独立主格结构（Absolute Phrase）由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。其本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 A lecture to be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night. （原因）Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. （条件） He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. （伴随） An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. （结果） The meeting over, they all went home. （时间） Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. （结果） The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. （伴随） Another story to be completed, the writer stayed up almost every night. （目的）
分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析
分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析 分词做状语，在我们的英语表达里有何用法与见解呢?以下是小编给大家带来分词作状语用法，以供参阅。 英语分词的形式非谓语动词主动形式被动形式意义 现在分词一般式doing being done与句中谓语动作几乎同时发生 完成式having donehaving been done先于句中谓语动作发生，强调时间先后 过去分词done-----------------与句中主语为逻辑上的被动，表完成 英语分词的意义在英语中，分词包括现在分词与过去分词两种形式，即-ing与-ed。一般情况下，从时态和语态两种角度来讲，现在分词表示主动、进行;而过去分词表示被动与完成。 对于分词的含义，我们从以下两组词语为例进行分析： 1)the sinking ship 正在下沉的船fallen leaves 落在地上的树叶\ the boiled water 凉白开水 1)从语态角度来看，现在分词表示主动含义，它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系。the sinking ship 可以改写为the ship that is\ was sinking, 这里的ship相当于sink的逻辑主语。其次，从时态角度看，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，相当于一个进行时态;此外，它还可以表示一般的动作，相当于一个一般的时态。综上，现在分词的意
义有两种：主动进行的动作和主动一般的动作。 2)从语态角度来看，过去分词可以表示被动含义也可以表示主动含义，即动词不同则含义不同。及物动词的过去分词只有被动含义，如the boiled water=the water that was boiled \ the water that has been boiled. 而不及物动词没有被动只有主动，如the sunken ship= the ship that has sunken.但是不及物动词的过去分词出现频率较低，常见的过去分词多为及物动词的过去分词，表达被动含义。其次，从时态角度看，过去分词具有一般动作或完成动作的含义，相当于一般时态或完成时态。不及物动词只具有完成动作。 英语分词作状语的用法分词做状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、伴随、比较。 四、分词作状语的原则：其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。 常见分词作状语的情况举例： 表条件：Given more time, I would be able to complete the work. \ United we stand; divided we fall. (合则兴，分则亡) 表时间：Walking in the street,I saw him. 表原因：Getting hurt badly in the match, he has to stay at home. 表伴随：Watching the TV play, she burst out crying. 表让步：Having lived in China for years, he still cant speak Chinese well. 表结果：I went home, finding the door locked.
高三英语分词作状语知识点整理
高三英语分词作状语知识点整理 为同学们整理了高三英语分词作状语知识点整理。希望对考生在备考中有所帮助，欢迎大家阅读作为参考。 难点形成原因: 1. 对在句中作时间、条件、原因还是别的状语不是很清楚。 2.分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。 解决办法： 1.理解分词作状语时可以转换成相应的状语从句。 2.分清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。 用法讲解： 1. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件，方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句;表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如： Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 分词短语作时间状语 Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer
network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. 分词短语作原因状语 Given time (=If he is given time), hell make a fist-class tennis player. 分词短语作条件状语 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.) 分词短语作伴随状语 2. 有时为了强调，分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. Though tired, he still continued reading. 3. 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较。 不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句或并列句，如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词;如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。例如：