南京大学博士生英语课程

2015级博士生英语考试（2015-2016学年）

DOCTORATE ENGLISH QUALIFYING TEST

English for Academic Communication

（任课教师：从丛）

GraduateSchool, NanjingUniversity

December 24, 2015

SECTION I

I

学术诚信是学术界的道德准则和伦理政策。它包括价值观，例如对作弊和抄袭的避免；学术准则的维护；以及研究工作和学术出版过程中的诚信和严谨。永远谨记，以下学术欺骗行为均被认为是腐败或愚蠢行为：

剽窃：在没有给予信用或应有的认可的情况下，采用或复制其他作者（个人、集体、组织、共同作者或其他类型，包括匿名作者）的原始创作。

造假：在任何正式的学术活动中对数据、信息或引用进行伪造。

破坏：采取行动阻止他人完成其工作，比如蓄意破坏他人的实验。

署名作者欺骗：那些做出显著贡献的人未被列入共同作者；或者，并不是所有的共同作者都肯定了论文的最终版本及已同意发表出版。

II

（1）

In the accessory, there is a thesis named Cloud Computing: Large Data and Cloud Service, completed by me, Xianlin Su, and other co-authors. Please check it! The main conclusions of the article were verbal reported in 3th International Symposium on Computer Science and Application that held by Harvard University in November, 2015. On this basis, the in-depth discussions of our main findings were made. Hope to be accepted on the magazine of Computer Science and Application.

(2)

We are so sorry to send you for withdraw the thesis, which was number as MS123, entitled the Cause and Prevention on Fog-haze. In the further experiments after the article was submitted, we found that the experimental data reported in the thesis cannot be repeated. Because the experimental equipment type we now using is different with the former one before writing of the paper, and for caution, we need a certain time for further verification. After the experiment and paper been verified and revised respectively, we will submit to your journal again then.

SECTION II ACADEMIC WRITING

I

Dear Prof. Brocca:

I am a PhD Candidate in Nanjing University, China. My name is Yu Xu, male, birthed in 1989. I am writing to you to apply for a visiting scholar?s position in you institution.

In recent years, I have already done several programs about combinational

influence on hydrology by the global change (mainly precipitation, temperature, and further for evapotranspiration), land use/cover change and river system change in the Delta of Yangtze River. Through the research works, I have mastered a series of analysis methods on meteorological observation data and models to simulate the flood process. Furthermore, I also use my own advantages of geography background, solving the hydrological problems with the method of subject crossing. In the past 2 years, I have published 6 theses in important journals at home and abroad. Of course, I can also collaborate with others well, and this is not a problem for me at all.

Through the articles you have published, Iacknowledge the similarity between our research and the advance of your achievement. So I yearn for the opportunity to study and cooperate with you. I believe that this chance will be a nice experience for me, and I will have a fruitful harvest.

As is well-known that Nanjing University has a very good reputation in the world. In the past years, we have showed great time and devotion to the study of hydrology, and have made lots of achievements. My supervisor, Prof. Xu, hasgiven full play to regional advantages, and analyzed the hydrological problems in Taihu Catchment exhaustively. So I think national cooperation is necessary.

In view of these, I hope this academic exchange will enhance my capacity for scientific research and promote the comprehensive to a certain extent between you and China.

What?s more, I have obtained funding from the Chinese government that will support me to do research activities.

I would appreciate it if you could consider my application. I look forward to your reply. Along with the accessory, my curriculum vitae was been send. Please check it!

Sincerely yours,

School of Geographic and Oceanographic Science

Nanjing University

Yu Xu

II

Curriculum Vitae

XU Yu, Ph.D.

School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University

Mail address: School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing

University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People?s Republic of China

Phone:

Email:

PERSONAL DATA

Yu Xu. Male. Birth time: September, 1989. Chinese

RESEARCH FIELD

Urban hydrology

Climatic hydrology

Flood simulation

Catastrophe

Water resource

OBJECTIVE

Seeking for a visiting scholar position specializing in hydrology and water resources

EDUCATION BACKGROUND

Ph.D. in hydrology and water resources, Physical Geography

Nanjing University (Nanjing, China), 2015 –

Thesis: Temporal and spatial patterns of the meteorological drought in Chongqing during recent 50 years (Accepted by the Journal of Water and Soil Conservation Research, in Chinese).

Spatial-temporal Trends of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration and its Influential Variablesin Eastern China(In the manuscript, in English).

B.E. in Physical Geography

Southwest University of China (Chongqing, China), 2012 - 2015

Thesis: Reference Crop Evapotranspiration and Surface Humidity Index in Chongqing City (Accepted by the Journal of Water and Soil Conservation Research, in Chinese)

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Meteorological Drought in Chongqing from 1960 to 2008 based on Surface Humidity Index (Accepted by Journal of Southwest University: Natural Science Edition, in Chinese).

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Meteorological Drought in Chongqing in Recent 50 Years.Water and Soil Conservation Research(Accepted, in Chinese).

Wu. Y.F., Xu. Y., Xu. G., Gan. F.F., 2016. Evaluation of Arable Land Resource in Anhui Province. Journal of Southwest Normal University (Accepted, in Chinese).

Wu. Y.F., Xu. Y., Xu. G., Gan. F.F., 2016. Influential Elements of Per Unit Area Grain Yield and the Meteorological Disaster Risk Assessment ofGrain Crops in Anhui Province. Journal of Chinese Agricultural University (Accepted, in Chinese).

Gan. F.F.,Xu. G., Xu. Y., Wu. Y.F., 2016. Research on Earthquake: A Case in Sichuan and Chongqing. Journal of Southwest Normal University (Accepted, in

Chinese).

B.A. in Geographic Science

West Anhui University of China (Lu?An, Anhui Province, China), 2008-2012

Thesis: Research on Limited Factors in Tourism Development in Shouxian County, Anhui Province (in Chinese)

AWARDS & HONORS

Miyoshi Student Award in West Anhui University, 2009

The first Prize for Excellent Student of Southwest University, 2012-2015

Outstanding Graduates of Southwest University, 2015

National scholarship for graduate students, 2014

HIGHLIGHTS OF QUALIFICATIONS

Extensive experience in operate the main flood simulation software;

Expertise in dealing with large data.

SELECTED PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS

(Published and acceptedpapers)

1. Xu. Y., Xu. G., Wu. Y.F., Gan. F.F., 2015. Reference Crop Evapotranspiration and Surface Humidity Index in Chongqing City. Water and Soil Conservation Research. 23 (2): 176-181 (in Chinese).

2.Xu. Y., Xu. G., Wu. Y.F., Gan. F.F., 2016. Temporal and Spatial Variations of Meteorological Drought in Chongqing from 1960 to 2008 based on Surface Humidity Index. Journal of Southwest University: Natural Science Edition. (Accepted, in Chinese)

3.Xu. Y., Xu. Y.P., Wu. Y.F., Wu. L., 2016. Temporal and Spatial Variations of Meteorological Drought in Chongqing in Recent 50 Years.Water and Soil Conservation Research.(Accepted, in Chinese)

4. Xu. Y., Xu. Y.P., Wu. Y.F., Wu. L., Wang. Y.F., Li, G., Spatial-temporal Trends of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration and its Influential Variables in Eastern China. International Journal of Climatology. (In manuscript, in English).

5.Xu. Y., Xu. Y.P., Wu. Y.F., Wu. L., Wang. Y.F., Li, G., Research on the Temporal and Spatial Variation of Humidity Index in Eastern China.International Journal of Climatology. Journal of Natural Resources. (In manuscript, in English).

6. Wu. Y.F., Xu. Y., Xu. G., Gan. F.F., 2016. Evaluation of Arable Land Resource in Anhui Province. Journal of Southwest Normal University. (Accepted, in Chinese)

7. Wu. Y.F., Xu. Y., Xu. G., Gan. F.F., 2016. Influential Elements of Per Unit Area Grain Yield and the Meteorological Disaster Risk Assessment ofGrain Crops in Anhui Province. Journal of Chinese Agricultural University. (Accepted, in Chinese)

8. Gan. F.F.,Xu. G., Xu. Y., Wu. Y.F., 2016. Research on Earthquake: A Case in

Sichuan and Chongqing. Journal of Southwest Normal University. (Accepted, in Chinese)

Bio-statement

Yu Xu,Ph.D.

My name is Yu Xu, a PhD student in School of Geographic and Oceanographic Science, Nanjing University, China. My major is physical geography, and my research orientation here is hydrology and water resource. I moved to Nanjing in 2015, after I got my Master?s Degree in Southwest University in Chongqing Municipality. I have already had 8 articles been published and accepted in Chinese and international journals, though I am sure that there are only several people have read them. If you ask me about research interests in the coming years, I will tell you that what I want to develop in Nanjing University is mainly concentrated on the simulation of flood process and dynamic storage capacity in river system in the Delta of Yangtze River. Needless to say, I love research and I hope to go further on this sacred road.

SECTION III Documenting Sources in journal Papers Example 1

Title

The paper named“Catchment scale soil moisture spatial-temporal variability” was published on Journal of Hydrology (J. Hydro). The article was received in 24 March, 2012 and available online in 18 February, 2013.

IF (Impact Factor)

J. Hydro isone of the most authoritative journals in the field of hydrology and water resources. The IFrosecontinually from 2007 on, when the IF was 2.15.And the

IF rose to 3.05 in 2014. The format of title, citation in the text and reference are as follows:

Title Format

Titleson this journalare often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible. The format of title should be written in theformat of lower case except of the first letter of the main title and subtitle, and the specific terms like toponymies. The main title and subtitle should be separated by semicolon.

Citations in the text

Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors. All citations in the text in the J. Hydro should refer to:

1. Single author: the author?s family name and the year of publication, separated by comma;

Examples:“…, or more appropriatel y …rank stability?(Chen, 2006), for…”; “Miralles (2010) obtained very similar results analyzing…”

2. Two authors: both author?s names and connected by the conjunction of and, followed by the year of publication.

Examples:“…satellite sensors could bereprese ntative for smaller areas (Loew and Mauser, 2008), and, hence…”

3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by "et al." and the year of publication.

Examples:“…such as flood prediction and forecasting (Brocca et al.,2010; Koster et al., 2010), n umerical weather...”

4. References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically ifnecessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified bythe letters “a”, “b”, “c”, etc., placed after the year of publication.

Examples: “... has still to be tested (Brocca et al., 2010b, 2011). Geophysical...”

5. Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed firstalphabetically, then chronologically. For Notes containing more than one citation, references shouldbe separated by a semi-colon.

Examples: “... as demonstrated (Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1995). Kramer et al.(2000) have recently shown ....”

Reference

The references should be listed in alphabetical order at the back of the paper. All the authors?name should be listed. In the reference, entries of the reference should use a hanging indent style with 2 characters, that is, the second line and subsequent lines should be indented while the first line should be flush with the left

margin.Family name precedes the initials of first and middle name, typed with only the first letter as a capital (Examples: Allen, R.C.; Wang, J.,). Journal names should be abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations (Examples: J. Hydro.; Hydro. Process.). Detail examples are as follows:

Examples:

Reference to an article:

Bandyopadhayay, A., Bhadra, A., Raghuwanshi, N.S., Singh, R., 2009. Temporal trendsin estimates of reference evapotranspiration over India. J. Hydrol. Eng. 14

(5),508–518.

Ozdogan, M., Salvucci, G.D., 2016. Irrigation-induced changes in potential evapotranspiration in southeastern Turkey: test and application of Boucher?s complementary hypothesis. Water Resour. Res. 40 (4), doi:10.1029/2003WR002822.

Reference to an article in other languages except English:

Ren, G.Y., Guo, J., Xu, Z.M., Chu, Z.Y., Zhang, L., Zou, X.K., L., Q.X., Liu, X.N., 2005.Climate change of China?s mainland over the last half c entury.

ActaMeterol. Sin.63, 942–956 (in Chinese).

Reference to a conference paper:

Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., Smith, M., 1998. Crop Evapotranspiration: Guidelinefor Computing Crop Water Requirement. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No.56. Food and Agriculture Organization, Italy.

Reference to a book:

Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 1979. The Elements of Style, third ed. Macmillan, New York.

Example 2

Title

The thesis titled “Spatial-temporal Variability of Soil Moisture and Its Estimation across Scale：A Case in Italy”was published on Water resource research (Water. Resources. Res).It was received in and 26th April,2013 and available online, and 5th January, 2014.

IF (Impact Factor)

The IF of Water Resource Research is 3.6 in 2014.

The impact factor (IF)rosecontinually from 2007 on, when the IF was the same with2.15 and rose to 3.05 and 3.6 in 2014 respectively.

Title Format

The title is in the format of upper and lower case, avoiding abbreviations and formulae where possible. The main title and subtitle should be separated by semicolon.

Citations in the text

1. Single author: the author?s family name and the year of publication, separated by comma. The author?s name should be written in italic (similarly hereinafter);

Examples:“…improve hydrologic and climatic modeling and prediction[...; Koster et al., 2004]...”

“I n the results concluded by Zhang (2011), soil moisture...”

2. Two authors: both author?s names and connected by the conjunction of and, followed by the year of publication.

Examples:“…have been recentlyattracted great attention [Wagner and Bouwer., 2007]…”

3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by “et al.” and the year of publication.

Examples:“…and soil moisture active and passive (SMAP) [Entekhabi et al., 2008]....”

4. References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically ifnecessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified bythe letters “a”, “b”, “c”, etc., placed after the year of publication.

Examples: “... extending their results to larger catchments.Brocca et al.[2009c], for five nested catchments...”

5. Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed firstalphabetically, then chronologically. For Notes containing more than one citation, references shouldbe separated by a semi-colon.

Examples: “... complex water balance models or detailed spatial measurements [Longobardi et al., 2003; Brocca et al., 2009c] ....”

Reference

The references should be listed in alphabetical order at the back of the paper. All the authors?name should be listed. In the reference, entries of the reference should use a hanging indent style with 2 characters, that is, the second line and subsequent lines should be indented while the first line should be flush with the left margin.Family name precedes the initials of first and middle name, typed with only the first letter as a capital (Examples: KronW; Wang J). Journal names should be written in italic and never be abbreviated,(Examples: Journal of Hydrology; Hydrological Sciences Journal). At the end of every list, detail information should be

noted when the reference was written in other languages except English, or haven?t published formally. Detail examples are as follows:

Examples:

Reference to an article:

Albertson J D, and MontaldoN, 2003. Temporal dynamics of soil moisture variability:

1. Theorethical basis, Water Resource Research. 39(10),

1274,doi:10.1029/2002WR001616.

Reference to an article in other languages except English:

Ren GY, Guo J, Xu ZM, 2005.Climate change of China?s mainland over the last half century. ActaMeterological Science.63, 942–956 (in Chinese).

Reference to a conference paper:

Aronica G, and Candela A,2004. A regional methodology for derivingFlood Frequency Curves (FFC) in catchments with uncertain knowledgeof soil moisture conditions, in Proceedings of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society International Conference14–17June 2004, pp. 1147–1183, University of Osnabrück, Germany.

Reference to a book:

Soil Moisture Equipment Corp, 1996.Trase, Operating Instructions(Version 2000), Santa Barbara, California.

说明:

标题：Journal of Hydrology（JH）要求除正副标题及专业术语的首字母大写外，其余全部小写。Water Resource Research（WRR）则要求所有名词的首字母均大写；

文中引用：文内引用方面没有太大区别。均需要标记作者的姓及发表年份，且用逗号连接。其中WRR要求当作者人数多于三人时所写的et al 用斜体；

参考文献：JH要求作者的family name后使用“,”连接，first name 和middle name的缩写字母之间用“.”连接。期刊名需要缩写。WRR则要求作者的family name、first name及middle name之间不需要连接符号。同时，期刊名不需要所写，但要用斜体。