2018年上海市高考英语词汇手册词汇解析
（a~ advantage）
abandon oneself to sth. 陷入；沉湎于… e.g. abandon oneself to despair 陷入绝望have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事
to the best of one’s ability 竭尽全力
e.g. He completed the job to the best of his ability. 他竭尽全力完成了那项工作。
be able to do sth. = be capable of doing sth. 能够做某事
All aboard! 请大家上车（船、火车、飞机）！；Welcome aboard! 欢迎乘坐！
be about to do sth. 正要做某事。e.g. We were just about to leave when Jerry arrived. go abroad 出国= go overseas ; at home and abroad 国外
above all 最重要的是，尤其是。
be absent from…缺席… opp. be present at…出席…
in the absence of sb. 在缺乏…的情况下= in one’s absence;
opp. in the presence of sb. = in one’s presence 在某人面前，当着某人的面
be absorbed in (doing) sth. 全神贯注（做）某事
academic year 学年；academic achievement/ performance 学业成绩
with a northern accent 带有北方口音
have access to sth. 有机会/权使用某物
by accident 偶然= by chance; accidentally
accompany sb. on the piano 为某人钢琴伴奏
accomplish= achieve （尤指经过努力）完成，实现，达到
account for①解释；说明 = explain; ② (数量或比例)占
on account of 因为（问题或困难）= because of
take sth. into account 把某事考虑进去= take sth. into consideration
accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人某事= charge sb. with sth.
be accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于做某事= be used to (doing) sth.
acid rain 酸雨
act as 担任；act on 对…有作用/ 有影响
adapt (oneself) to…适应
add to 增加；add A to B 把A加到B 上去；add up to 总计
be addicted to sth. 对…上瘾；对…沉迷
e.g. He is addicted to football. 他迷上了足球。He is addicted to smoking. 他吸烟成瘾。adjust (oneself) to = adapt (oneself) to 适应
admit (to) doing 承认做某事= confess (to) doing
adult = grown-up 成年人
in advance 提前= ahead of time; ahead of schedule
take advantage of (不公正地)利用某人，占某人的便宜
opp. disadvantage n. 不利条件，缺点，劣势；advantageous adj. 有利的；有益的
（adventure~ appreciate）
adventurous adj. 有冒险精神的
advertise sth. on TV / in a newspaper 在电视/ 报纸上刊登广告
put an ad/ advertisement in a newspaper 在报纸上刊登广告
advise doing sth. 建议做某事
afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事
be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事；be afraid of doing sth. 担心/ 担忧某事
e.g. He is afraid to go out at night 他晚上不敢出去。
He was afraid of being caught by the police. 他担心被警察抓住。
be against sth. 反对某事；be for sth. 赞成某事
at the age of 5 = at age 5 在5岁的时候
for ages = for a long time 很长一段时间；很久
aged adj. 年老的，年迈的my aged parents; the aged= the old 老年人
I couldn’t agree more. = I agree completely. 我完全同意。
travel agency 旅行社
ahead of time/ schedule = in advance 提前
in aid of 为了帮助; read aloud 朗读
take aim at…瞄准…; aim to do…力争做到…; be aimed at doing sth. 旨在…
in the air 在空气中；on (the) air 正在广播
all the time 一直；all in all 总的说来；in all 总共= altogether
allow doing sth. 允许做某事；allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
have no alternative/ choice but to do sth. 除了做某事，别无选择
amount to①总计= add up to = come to ; ②等于，相当于 = be equal to
in the final analysis 归根结底(用于句首)
the twentieth wedding anniversary 结婚20周年纪念日
one after another 一个接着一个；one another = each other 互相
answer for… = be responsible for…对…负责
be anxious for/ about …为…担心；be anxious for…渴望得到…;
be anxious to do…渴望做…= be keen to do…= be eager to do…; anxiety n. 焦虑apart from ①除了= except;②除了…之外，还…= besides
apartment = flat 公寓
apologize to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉；= make an apology to sb. for sth. apparent adj. 明显的；显然的= obvious, clear, 而distinct (有区别的，不同的；明显的) appeal to sb. to do sth. = call on sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事；
sth. appeal to sb. 某事对某人又吸引力；appealing adj. 有吸引力的= attractive have a poor (good) appetite 胃口不好(好)；have an appetite for…爱好…
get a round of applause 获得一阵掌声
be the apple of one’s eye 是某人的掌上明珠
apply for…申请…; apply A to B：①把A运用到B 中；②把A 涂到B上去apply to…对…适用；apply oneself to…致力于…
I’d appreciate it (very much) if you could do sth. 如果你能做某事，我会不胜感激。
高考英语词汇手册词汇解析
（approach~ composition）
approach n. 接近；方法a new approach to teaching languages 一种新的语言教学法。
v. 对付，处理(= deal with) approach a problem 处理问题
appropriate adj. 合适的，适当的(= suitable, proper). opp. inappropriate
approximately adv. 近似，大约(用于科技文体）= about, around, roughly
argue v. 争论；争吵；争辩。arguing , argument. cf. quarrel n.& v. 争吵，吵架
arise v. (问题、困难) 产生；出现
be (just) around /round the corner:①即将来临，临近。②就在附近
arouse one’s interest 引起某人兴趣
arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
artificial adj. （尤指模拟自然的）人工的，人造的；仿真的。artificial flowers 假花；artificial heart 人造心脏man-made (尤指地貌或材料)：man-made lake 人工湖；
man-made fibres 人造纤维
burn to ashes 烧成灰烬（既可用主动语态也可用被动语态）
be ashamed of sth. 为…而感到惭愧；be ashamed to do sth. 不好意思做某事
set aside 留出；省出（时间、钱、空间）
fall asleep 入睡；fast/sound asleep 睡得很熟
assess v. 评价；评估=evaluate
assign sb. sth. 分配某人某物/某事；assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事
associate A with B 把A 与B联系起来
assume/ take responsibility for…承担…的责任
assure sb. that…使某人确信…; assure sb. of sth. 向某人保证某事
attach A to B 把A连接到B上；attachment n. 附件
attempt to do sth. = make an attempt to do sth. 企图做某事；attempted murder 谋杀未遂attendance n. 出席；出席人数；attend to sth. 处理某事
be sold at auction 被拍卖；put sth. up for auction 把某物拿出来拍卖
a large / small audience 许多/很少观众
have the authority to do sth. 有权做sth. authorize v. 授权~ sb. to do sth. 授权某人做sth. autumn = fall n. 秋季
sth. be available to sb. 某物为某人可获得
on (the) average 按平均值，平均而言
audio-visual aids/ equipment 视听设备；audio a. 声音的；音频的。visual a. 视力的；视觉的visualize ['v??u?la?z] vt. 想象；设想
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事；await = wait for
award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物；award sb. first prize 授予某人一等奖
be aware of = be conscious of…意识到…; awareness= consciousness n. 意识
back vt. 支持= support
the balance of nature 生态平衡；the balance = the rest 剩余(部分)
keep one’s balance 保持平衡；lose one’s balance 失去平衡
ban 禁止=forbid, prohibit; ban sb. from doing sth. = prohibit sb. from doing sth.
forbid sb. from doing sth., forbid sb. to do sth.
lift a ban 解除禁令
bank n. 储蓄罐= piggy bank, break the bank 花钱很多；透支
have a barbecue进行烧烤
barely=hardly= scarcely 几乎不
It’s a bargain. 这是合算的. bargain with sb. 与某人讨价还价
barrier n. 障碍= obstacle
base n. 底部= bottom; 基础=foundation; military base 军事基地
basic research 基础研究；basic principles 基本原理
on a regular basis 定期地；on a daily basis 每天
have/ take a bath 洗个澡
on the beach 在海滩上；bean curd 豆腐
bear/ keep sth. in mind 牢记某事
beat v. 打败；击败(用于比赛）；defeat v. 击败，战胜(既可用于比赛中，也可用于战争中) be beaten to death 被打死；beat sb. black and blue 把某人打得青一块紫一块。
beauty spots 名胜，风景点= scenic spots; places of interest
make the bed 铺床；bed-wetting n. 尿床
Where’s the beef? 葫芦里究竟卖什么药？
beggar n. 乞丐
on behalf of sb. 代表某人
behave oneself 守规矩
believe it or not, 信不信由你；Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
belong to…属于…; belongings n. 所有物；财产，财物= possessions
below prep& adv. 在下面ant. above; below freezing/zero 零度以下
beneath= underneath prep. 在…下面；在…正下方
of benefit = beneficial 有益的
besides prep. 除了…以外(还有) = in addition to, as well as；
besides adv. 还有；此外= moreover, furthermore, additionally
bet sth.(money) on sth. 把…押在…上；
I bet (that)…; I’ll bet (that)…我敢肯定；我敢保证；我相信…; You bet! 当然！
give sb. a big hand 给某人热烈鼓掌
biography n. 传记；autobiography [??t?ba?'?gr?f?] n. 自传
not a bit = not at all 一点也不；do one’s bit 尽自己的一份力量
black coffee 清咖啡；black tea 红茶
be to blame for sth. 对某事负有责任；blame sb. for sth. = blame sth. on sb. 责怪某人某事
go blank 头脑突然一片空白，My mind went blank. 我头脑突然一片空白。
Be blanketed in/ with…覆盖/ 笼罩着/在…中
May God bless you. 愿上帝保佑你。
take a blind eye to…对…视而不见
Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。blood type 血型；blood transfusion 输血
give/ donate blood 献血
be in (full) blossom (花) 盛开= be in flower; be in bloom
blue adj. 忧郁的；沮丧的= depressed
on board 在船上；在车上；在飞机上；boarder n. 住宿生；boarding school 寄宿学校boiling water 沸水；boiled water 开水；boiling point 沸点
bold [b??ld] adj. 大胆的；鲁莽的。cf. bald [b??ld] adj. 秃头的；brave adj. 勇敢的
be (all) skin and bone 瘦得皮包骨头的
a closed book 一无所知的事；预定= reserve
borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物；lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
borrowed word 外来词
bottom line 底线；from the bottom of one’s heart 从心底里；Bottoms up! 干杯！
be bound to do sth. 一定会/ 肯定会做某事
bow [b?u] n. 弓；蝴蝶结。Bow and arrow 弓箭；bow [ba?] v.& n. 鞠躬bow to sb.
use one’s brain/ head 动动脑筋
branded adj. 名牌的branded products 名牌产品
It is brave of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是勇敢的；bravery n. 勇敢
have a break = have a rest 休息一会
bridge n. 桥；桥牌。play bridge 打桥牌
in brief = briefly 简要地
broad adj. 宽的，ant. narrow adj. 狭窄的broaden v. 使变宽；扩大broaden one’s horizons brochure n. 小册子= booklet, leaflet (小册子；传单)
browse [bra?z] v. 浏览；随便翻阅browse through …
Buddhist ['budist] n. & adj. 佛教的；佛教徒; Christian [?kr?st??n] n.& adj.基督教的；基督教徒budget v. 把…编入预算
buffet [?b?fe?] n. 自助餐buffet lunch 自助午餐
bulb n. 灯泡= light bulb; bulb n. 球茎
a bunch of flowers 一束花；a bunch of keys 一串钥匙
burn the midnight oil 挑灯夜战，开夜车；burst into flames 突然起火
burst into tears/ laughter/song = burst out crying/ laughing/ singing 突然哭/大笑/唱起歌来
be out of business 停业；倒闭；Business is business. 公事公办；get down to business 干正事。It’s none of your business. 这与你无关。
undo the buttons 解开纽扣undo [?n'du?] v. 解开；do up a button 系上扣子
buy = purchase
a piece of cake 很容易的事
call on sb. 拜访某人；call for 要求；需要；call off = cancel 取消
make camp 扎营；go camping 去露营；summer camp 夏令营
launch a campaign 发起一项运动
on campus 在校园里
be capable of doing sth. = be able to do sth.
card n. 名片= business card
carrot and stick 胡萝卜加大棒；威逼利诱
in case 万一；以防万一；in any case 不管怎样，无论如何
pay in cash 用现金支付；cashier [k?'???] n. 出纳；收银员
cast sb. as…让某人扮演…
rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨
cause 引起；导致= lead to, bring about, give rise to, result in, contribute to
without cease 不停地
cease to do sth. (长时间停做某事)；cease doing sth. (短时间停止做某事，以后还会做) wedding ceremony 婚礼
be certain to do sth. 一定会做某事= be bound to do sth.
be sure to do sth. 务必做某事（用于祈使句）；一定会做某事（用于述句）
a certain student = some student 某一位学生
take one’s chances = try one’s luck 碰碰运气; by chance 碰巧
The chances are that…可能…= It is likely that…
The chances are that she'll be coming. 很可能她要来.
It is characteristic/typical of sb. to do sth.
It is characteristic/ typical of him to doze off often in class.
他经常在课堂上打瞌睡，这是他的特点。
cheat v. 欺骗= deceive
play chess 下国际象棋
chewing gum 口香糖
in one’s childhood 在某人童年时
chip n. (电脑)芯片
have no choice/ alternative but to do sth. 除了做某事之外别无选择
at Christmas 在圣诞节期间；on Christmas Day 在圣诞节那天
go to church 去教堂做礼拜
under/ in no circumstances 任何情况下都不
classic music 经典音乐；classical music 古典音乐
clean adj. 无过失(犯罪)记录的，a clean driving licence 无违规记录的驾驶执照。He’s got a clean record. 他没有犯罪记录。
climb v. 爬；攀登= ascend
Every cloud has a silver lining. 黑暗里总有一线光明。
on the coast 在海岸上
coastline n. 海岸线
What a coincidence! 太巧了！
comedian [k?'mi?d??n] n. 喜剧演员；tragedian [tr?'d?i?d??n] n. 悲剧演员command respect 赢得尊敬
have a good command of…熟练掌握…; 精通…
comment on…对…做评论/ 评价
commit suicide 自杀；commit a crime 犯罪
be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事
common sense 常识；have sth. in common 有某些共同之处
communicate with sb. 与某人交际/ 交流；communicate A to B 把A传达给B keep sb. company 给某人做伴
compare A with B 把A 和B 进行比较；compare A to B 把A比作B
in comparison to/ with…= by comparison with…和…相比
compete in…参加…的比赛；compete with sb. 与某人竞争
complain about sth. 抱怨某事；complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨/ 投诉某事= make a complaint to sb. about sth.
pay sb. a compliment = pay a compliment to sb. 赞美/ 恭维某人
My compliments to sb. 替我向某人问候/ 致意
be compose of …由…组成/ 构成= be made up of …= consist of…
composition n. 作文；组成，构成
2018年高考英语全国卷1_试题(卷)重点词汇归纳
2018全国I卷高考词汇 听力 1.program n.节目；程序；计划 2.talk/ lecture n.讲座 3.report n/v.报告 4.generous adj.慷慨的 5.curious adj. 好奇的 6.be curious about 对......好奇 7.curiosity n.好奇心 8.out of curiosity 出于好奇 9.helpful adj.有用的；乐于助人的 10.on foot =walk 步行 11.It is probable/ possible/likely that 12.It is possible/ likely to do sth. 13.Sb. is likely to do sth. 某人可能做某事 14.relationship n.关系 15.classmate n.同学 16.schoolmate n.同学，校友 17.patient n.病人adj. 有耐心的 18.patience n. 耐心 19.regret v./n.后悔；遗憾 20.regret doing sth.后悔做过某事 21.regret to do sth.很遗憾要去做某事 22.regretful adj.后悔的 23.give up +（doing） sth.放弃做某事 24.research n./v.研究；调查 25.drop out 退出；退学；脱离 26.drop in 偶然(或顺便)走访 27.drop off 让……下车；减少；睡着 28.college n. 大学 29.colleague n.同事 30.major n.专业；主修科目 v.主修adj. 主要 的，重要的，主修的 31.major in 主修 32.ecology n.生态学 https://www.360docs.net/doc/726986951.html,cation n. 教育 https://www.360docs.net/doc/726986951.html,cate v.教育 35.chemistry n.化学 36.manager n.经理 37.manage v.管理；经营；设法 38.manage to do sth. 设法做某事 39.guide n.指南；入门书；v.引导；带领 40.guidance n.指导；引导；领导 41.local adj.当地的；乡土的 n.当地居民 42.seaside n.海边；海滨 43.offer v.提供;出价；试图n.录取通知书 offer to do sth.主动做某事 https://www.360docs.net/doc/726986951.html,rmation n.信息(常考的不可数名词) advice 建议/ progress 进步/ fun有趣的事 /homework家庭作业/ housework家务活/ furniture家具 equipment设备/ luggage/baggage行 45.take place 发生 46.concert n.音乐会 47.extra adj.额外的；外加的48.apartment n.公寓 49.deliver v.发表；递送；释放；给...接生 50.have a meal 吃饭 51.carpet n.地毯 52.design v./n.设计 53.designer n.设计师 54.quality n.质量；品质 55.quantity n.数量 56.size n.尺寸 57.adequately adv. 充分地；足够地 58.equip vt.装备；配备 59.be equipped with 配备有；装有 60.equipment n.设备 61.downtown adj.市中心的 62.payment n.付款，支付 63.reporter n.记者 64.proud adj.自豪的 65.be proud of 以......为骄傲 66.take pride in 以......为骄傲 67.sympathetic adj.同情的；共鸣的 68.sympathy n. 同情；安慰 69.grateful adj.感的 70.shape n.形状v. 形成；塑造 71.get into shape 强身健体 72.skill n.技术；技巧 73.skilful adj.熟练的；有技巧的 74.whole adj. 完整的；纯粹的 75.wholly adv. 完全地；全部 76.origin n.起源；原点；出身 77.universe n.宇宙；世界；领域 78.presentation n. 展示；描述，述；介绍 79.give a presentation 做报告，做介绍 80.present vt.提出；介绍；呈现；赠送adj. 现 在的；出席的n. 现在；礼物 81.presenter n.提出者；推荐者；主持人 82.sold out 售罄的；卖完 83.be late for 因……而迟到 84.no rush 别着急 85.be tired of 厌烦做某事 86.be tired from (doing) sth.对做某事感到疲 劳 87.distance n.距离；远方；疏远 88.distant adj.遥远的；冷漠的；不友好的 89.headache n.头痛；麻烦 90.have a headache 患了头痛 91.ask for sick/ leave 请病假，请假 https://www.360docs.net/doc/726986951.html,plete adj. 完整的；完全的；彻底的vt.完 成 93.be interested in sth. 对…有兴趣=show interest in 94.relationship n. 关系；关联 95.nature n. 自然；性质；本性 96.guide n.指南；向导；入门书vt. 引导；带领 97.scenery n. 风景；景色 98.view n. 观察；视野；意见；风景vt. 观察 .下载可编辑.
十年高考英语高频词汇归纳
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2018年高考英语3500高考词汇
2018年高考英语词汇解析 A 1.●abandon v.放弃，遗弃，抛弃 abandon the baby/ child/ friend abandon the plan/ idea/ effort/ hope abandon oneself to 陷入，沉湎于 He abandoned himself to despair. 2.◎ability n. 能力；才能 the ability to walk 行走的能力 to the best of one’s abi lity 竭尽全力 He completed the job to the best of his ability. 3.●abnormal adj.不正常的，畸形的，反常的 They thought his behavior was abnormal. 反义词：normal 4. ◎aboard prep. adv.在船（飞机，火车）上，上船(飞机，轮船) all the people aboard 机上的人 5. about prep关于，ad 大约，到处 a) be abo ut to do sth…(when) I was about to go out when it began to rain. b) look about/around/round c) How/What about…询问情况或建议 6 . above prep在…上面above all 首先;尤其 7. abroad ad.到(在)国外 a) go /study /live abroad b) at home and abroad在国内外 8. ●absence n. 不在，缺席 absence from work/ school The decision was made in my absence. in the absence of 在缺少…条件下 The case was dismissed in the absence of proof. 9. ◎absent adj. 缺席的，不在的 be absent from absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的 10. ◎absorb vt. 1) 吸收，吸进（液体，气体等）2) 理解，掌握 absorb ink/ water/ neat/ light/ oxygen/ sound/ energy absorb information/ knowledge be absorbed in专注于，聚精会神于… 11.●abuse v / n. 滥用，谩骂 abuse alcohol/ drugs 酗酒/嗜毒 abuse power/ position/ privilege 滥用权力/职权/特权 12. accept vt. accept the gift /invitation /plan accept sb/sth as… 13.●access n.方法，通路，机会 The only access to the farm was a narrow bridge.
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新课标高考英语词汇表3500
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