电气工程及其自动化专业英语
电气工程及其自动化专业英语第一章课文翻译
第一章第一篇sectiongTwo variables u(t) and i(t) are the most basic concepts in an electric circuit, they characterize the various relationships in an electric circuitu(t)和i(t)这两个变量是电路中最基本的两个变量，它们刻划了电路的各种关系。
the charge e on an electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1.60210×10 19C, while a proton carries a positive charge of the same magnitude as the electron. The presence of equal numbers of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutrally charged. 我们从基础物理得知一切物质是由被称为原子的基本构造部分组成的，并且每个原子是由电子，质子和中子组成的。
我们还知道电子的电量是负的并且在数值上等于 1.602100×10-12C，而质子所带的正电量在数值上与电子相等。
质子和电子数量相同使得原子呈现电中性。
We consider the flow of electric charges. A unique feature offlow of negative charges, as Fig.l-1 illustrates. This convention was introduced by Benjamin Franklin (l706～l790), the American scientist and inventor. Although we now know that current in metallic conductors is due to negatively charged electrons, we will follow the universally accepted conventionthat current is the net flow of positive charges. Thus, Electriccurrent is the time rate of charge, measured in amperes (A).Mathematically, the relationship among current i , charge q , andtime t is 当我们把一根导线连接到某一电池上时(一种电动势源)，电荷被外力驱使移动；正电荷朝一个方向移动而负电荷朝相反的方向time in several ways that may be represented by different kindsof mathematical functions 我们通过方程（1－1）定义电流的方式表明电流不必是一个恒值函数，电荷可以不同的方式随时间而变化，这些不同的方式可用各种数学函数表达出来。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍Introduction:Electrical Engineering and its Automation is a field of study that combines electrical engineering principles with automation techniques. This discipline focuses on the design, development, and implementation of electrical systems and their control using various automation technologies. In this article, we will delve into the various aspects of Electrical Engineering and its Automation, including its scope, key concepts, job opportunities, and future prospects.Body:1. Scope of Electrical Engineering and its Automation:1.1 Importance of Electrical Engineering:- Electrical engineering plays a vital role in various industries, including power generation, telecommunications, transportation, and manufacturing.- It involves the design and maintenance of electrical systems, such as power distribution networks, control systems, and electronic devices.1.2 Automation in Electrical Engineering:- Automation techniques are applied to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and safety of electrical systems.- Automation technologies, such as PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), are used for process control, monitoring, and data acquisition.1.3 Integration of Electrical Engineering and Automation:- The integration of electrical engineering principles with automation technologies enables the development of advanced control systems and intelligent machines.- It facilitates the automation of various industrial processes, leading to increased productivity and reduced human intervention.2. Key Concepts in Electrical Engineering and its Automation:2.1 Electrical Circuit Analysis:- This involves the study of electrical circuits and their behavior using mathematical models and techniques.- Concepts such as Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, and circuit theorems are used to analyze and solve electrical circuit problems.2.2 Power Systems:- Power systems deal with the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy.- Concepts like power generation, power factor correction, and power system protection are essential in ensuring a stable and reliable power supply.2.3 Control Systems:- Control systems involve the regulation and control of electrical processes.- Concepts like feedback control, PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers, and system stability are crucial in designing and implementing control systems.3. Job Opportunities in Electrical Engineering and its Automation:3.1 Electrical Engineer:- Electrical engineers are responsible for designing, developing, and maintaining electrical systems.- They work in various industries, including power generation, telecommunications, and manufacturing.3.2 Automation Engineer:- Automation engineers specialize in the design and implementation of automation systems.- They develop control strategies, program PLCs, and integrate automation technologies into electrical systems.3.3 Research and Development:- Electrical engineering and its automation offer numerous research and development opportunities.- Researchers work on developing innovative technologies and improving existing systems to meet the evolving demands of industries.4. Future Prospects in Electrical Engineering and its Automation:4.1 Renewable Energy:- The growing focus on renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, presents new challenges and opportunities in electrical engineering and its automation.- Engineers are needed to design and optimize renewable energy systems and integrate them into the existing power grid.4.2 Internet of Things (IoT):- The integration of electrical systems with IoT technologies opens up new avenues for automation and control.- Electrical engineers can leverage IoT to develop smart grids, intelligent buildings, and efficient energy management systems.4.3 Artificial Intelligence (AI):- AI techniques, such as machine learning and neural networks, can be applied to enhance the automation capabilities of electrical systems.- Electrical engineers can explore the use of AI for predictive maintenance, fault detection, and optimization of electrical processes.Conclusion:Electrical Engineering and its Automation is a dynamic field that combines electrical engineering principles with automation technologies. It plays a crucial role in various industries and offers a wide range of job opportunities. The integration of electrical engineering with automation enables the development of advanced control systems and intelligent machines. With the increasing focus on renewable energy, IoT, and AI, the future prospects in this field are promising. As technology continues to advance, electrical engineering and its automation will continue to evolve, driving innovation and shaping the future of industries.。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍Introduction to Electrical Engineering and its AutomationElectrical engineering is a field of study that deals with the design, development, and maintenance of electrical systems and equipment. It involves the application of principles and theories from physics and mathematics to solve problems related to electricity and electronics. With the rapid advancements in technology, electrical engineering has become an integral part of various industries, including power generation, telecommunications, electronics, and automation.The study of electrical engineering equips students with a strong foundation in core subjects such as circuit analysis, electromagnetic theory, power systems, and control systems. These subjects provide students with the necessary knowledge and skills to design, analyze, and optimize electrical systems. Additionally, students also gain hands-on experience through laboratory work and practical projects, which enhance their problem-solving abilities and technical expertise.The specialization in automation within the field of electrical engineering focuses on the application of control systems and computer science to automate industrial processes. Automation plays a crucial role in improving efficiency, productivity, and safety in various industries. Students studying automation learn about programmable logic controllers (PLCs), human-machine interfaces (HMIs), robotics, and computer-aided design (CAD) software. They also acquire skills in programming languages such as C++, Python, and MATLAB, which are essential for designing and implementing automation systems.The curriculum for electrical engineering and its automation specialization covers a wide range of topics to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the field. Some of the subjects typically included in the program are:1. Circuit Analysis: This subject focuses on the analysis of electrical circuits using techniques such as Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, and network theorems. Students learnto analyze and solve complex circuits to determine voltage, current, and power distributions.2. Electromagnetic Theory: This subject deals with the study of electromagnetic fields and their interactions with electrical systems. Students learn about Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic wave propagation, and the behavior of electromagnetic devices such as transformers and motors.3. Power Systems: This subject covers the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical power. Students learn about power generation technologies, power system components, and the design of electrical grids. They also study power system protection and control to ensure the reliable operation of power networks.4. Control Systems: This subject focuses on the analysis and design of control systems to regulate and optimize the behavior of dynamic systems. Students learn about feedback control, PID controllers, stability analysis, and system modeling. They also gain practical experience in designing and implementing control systems through laboratory experiments.5. Digital Electronics: This subject introduces students to the fundamentals of digital logic circuits and systems. They learn about Boolean algebra, logic gates, flip-flops, and sequential logic. Students also gain hands-on experience in designing and testing digital circuits using simulation software and hardware components.6. Automation and Robotics: This subject explores the principles and applications of automation and robotics in industrial processes. Students learn about industrial automation technologies, robotic manipulators, and sensor integration. They also study topics such as motion planning, trajectory control, and machine vision.7. Computer Programming: This subject provides students with the necessary programming skills to develop software for electrical engineering applications. Students learn programming languages such as C++, Python, and MATLAB. They also gain experience in algorithm development, data analysis, and simulation techniques.Upon graduation, students with a degree in electrical engineering and its automation specialization have excellent career prospects. They can work in various industries, including power generation companies, telecommunications firms, manufacturing companies, and automation solution providers. Job roles for electrical engineering graduates include electrical design engineer, control systems engineer, automation engineer, power systems engineer, and research scientist.In conclusion, electrical engineering and its automation specialization offer students a comprehensive understanding of electrical systems and their automation. The program equips students with theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and programming expertise to design, analyze, and optimize electrical systems. With the increasing demand for automation in various industries, graduates in this field have promising career opportunities.。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语
电气工程及其自动化专业英语Section I basic electric circuit Chapter 1 Introduction to electric circuitsNew Words and Expressions1. electrical circuit n. 电路2. voltage n. 电压，伏特3. current n. 电流，通用的, 流通的, 现在的4. current flow n. 电流5. resistor n. 电阻，电阻器6. battery n. 电池7. load n. 负载，负荷8. performance n. 性能9. circuit diagram n. 电路图10. idealized model n. 理想模型Introduction*A simple circuit and its components.*Idealized model of the circuit*Model can be changed if necessary.*summarizeIn elementary physics classes you undoubtedly have been introduced to the fundamental concepts of electricity and how real components can be put together to form an electrical circuit. A very simple circuit, for example, might consist of a battery, some wire, a switch, and an incandescent light bulb as shown in Fig.1-1. The battery supplies the energy required to force electrons around the loop, heating the filament of the bulb and causing the bulb to radiate a lot of heat and some light. Energy is transferred from a source, the battery, to a load, the bulb. ————You probably already know that the voltage of the battery and the electrical resistance of the bulb have something to do with the amount of current that will flowin the circuit. From your own practical experience you also know that no current will flow until the switch is closed. That is, for a circuit to do anything, the loop has to be completed so that electrons can flow from the battery to the bulb and then back again to the battery. And finally, you probably realize that it doesn’t much matter whether there is one foot or two feet of wire connecting the battery to the bulb, but that it probably would matter if there is a mile of wire between it and the bulb.Also shown in Fig. 1-1 is a model made up of idealized components. The battery is modeled as an ideal source that puts out a constant voltage, VB, no matter what amount of current, i, is drawn. The wires are considered to be perfect conductors that offer no resistance to current flow. The switch is assumed to be open or closed. There is no arcing of current across the gap when the switch is opened, nor is there any bounce to the switch as it makes contact on closure. The light bulb is modeled as a simple resistor, R, that never changes its value, no matter how hot it becomes or how much current is flowing throughit.Fig. 1-1 (a) A simple circuit(b) An idealized representationof the circuitFor most purposes, the idealized model shown in Fig. 1-1b is an adequate representation of the circuit; that is, our prediction of the current that will flow through the bulb whenever the switch is closed will be sufficiently accurate that we can consider the problem solved. There may be times, however, when the model is inadequate. The battery voltage, for example, may drop as more and more current is drawn, or as the battery ages. ————The light bulb’s resistance may change as it heats up, and the filament may have a bit of inductance and capacitance associated with it as well as resistance so that when the switch is closed, the current may not jump instantaneously from zero to some final, steady state value. The wires may beundersized, and some of the power delivered by the battery may be lost in the wires before it reaches the load. These subtle effects may or may not be important, depending on what we are trying to find out and how accurately we must be able to predict the performance of the circuit. If we decide they are important, we can always change the model as necessary and then proceed with the analysis. The point here is simple. The combinations of resistors, capacitors, inductors, voltage sources, current sources, and so forth, that you see in a circuit diagram are merely models of real components that comprise a real circuit, and a certain amount of judgment is required to decide how complicated the model must be before sufficiently accurate results can be obtained. For our purposes, we will be using very simple models in general, leaving many of the complications to more advanced textbooks.Chapter 2 Definitions of key electrical quantitiesNew Words and Expressionscharge n. vt. 电荷；充电nucleus n. 原子核（pl.）；nuclear adj.negative n. 否定, 负数, 底片adj.否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的positive adj. [数]正的adj.[电]阳的in general 通常,大体上, 一般而言，总的说来algebraic adj. 代数的, 关于代数学的solution to the circuit problem n. 关于电路问题的解法the units of power n. 功率的单位direct current (dc) n 直流电alternating current(ac) n. 交流电sinusoidally adv. 正弦地transistor n. 晶体管Part 1 Charge and CurrentAn atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a swarm of negatively charged electrons. The charge associated with one electron has been found to be 1.602×10−19coulombs; or, stated the other way around, one coulomb can be defined as the charge on 6.242×1018 electrons. While most of the electrons associated with an atom are tightly bound to the nucleus, good conductors, like copper, have free electrons that are sufficiently distant from their nuclei that their attraction to any particular nucleus is easily overcome. These conduction electrons are free to wander from atom to atom, and their movement constitutes an electric current.In a wire, when one coulomb’s worth of charge passes a given spot in one second, the current is defined to be one ampere (abbreviated A), named after the nineteenth-century physicist Andr’e Marie Amp`ere. That is, current i is the net rate of flow of charge q past a point, or through an area:i=d q/d t (1.1) In general, charges can be negative or positive. For example, in a neon light, positive ions move in one direction and negative electrons move in the other. Each contributes to current, and the total current is their sum. By convention, the direction of current flow is taken to be the direction that positive charges would move, whether or not positive charges happen to be in the picture. Thus, in a wire, electrons moving to the right constitute a current that flows to the left, as shown in Fig.1-2.Fig. 1-2 By convention, negative charges moving in one direction constitute a positive current flow in the opposite directionWhen charge flows at a steady rate in one direction only, the current is said to be direct current, or dc. A battery, for example, supplies direct current. When charge flows back and forth sinusoidally, it is said to be alternating current, or ac. In the United States the ac electricity delivered by tes of ac and dc are shown in Fig.1-3.(a) (b)Fig. 1-3 (a) Steady-state direct current (dc) (b) Alternating current (ac)Part 2 Kirchhoff’s Current LawTwo of the most fundamental properties of circuits were established experimentally a century and a half ago by a German professor, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824–1887). The first property, known as Kirchhoff’s current law (abbreviated KCL), states that at every instant of time the sum of the currents flowing into any node of a circuit must equal the sum of the currents leaving the node, where a node is any spot where two or more wires are joined. This is a very simple, but powerful concept. It is intuitively obvious once you assert that current is the flow of charge, and that charge is conservative—neither being created nor destroyed as it enters a node. Unless charge somehow builds up at a node, which it does not, then the rate at which charge enters a node must equal the rate at which charge leaves the node.There are several alternative ways to state Kirchhoff’s current law. The most commonly used statement says that the sum of the currents flowing into a node is zero as shown in Fig. 1-4a, in which case some of those currents must have negative values while some have positive values. Equally valid would be the statement that the sum of the currents leaving a node must be zero as shown in Fig. 1-4b(again some of these currents need to have positive values and some negative). Finally, we could say that the sum of the currents entering a node equals the sum of the currents leaving a node (Fig. 1-4c). These are all equivalent as long as we understand what is meant about the direction of current flow when we indicate it with an arrow on a circuit diagram. Current that actually flows in the direction shown by the arrow is given a positive sign. Currents that actually flow in the opposite direction have negative values.Fig. 1-4 Illustrating various ways that Kirchhoff’s current law can be stated(a) The sum of the currents into a node equals zero(b) The sum of the currents leaving the node is zero(c) The sum of the currents entering a node equals the sum of the currents leaving the nodeNote that you can draw current arrows in any direction that you want—that much is arbitrary—but once having drawn the arrows, you must then write Kirchhoff’s current law in a manner that is consistent with your arrows, as has been done in Fig.1-4. The algebraic solution to the circuit problem will automatically determine whether or not your arbitrarily determined directions for currents were correct.Example 1.1 Using Kirchhoff’s Current LawA node of a circuit is shown with current direction arrows chosen arbitrarily. Having picked those directions, i1 = −5 A, i2 = 3 A, and i3 = −1 A. Write an expression for Kirchhoff’s current law and solve for i4.Solution. By Kirchhoff’s current law,i1 + i2 = i3 + i4−5 + 3 = −1 + i4so that i4 = −1 AThat is, i4 is actually 1 A flowing into the node. Note that i2, i3, and i4 are all entering the node, and i1 is the only current that is leaving the node.Part 3 Kirchhoff’s Voltage LawElectrons won’t flow through a circuit unless they are given some energy to help send them on their way. That “push”is measured in volts, where voltage is defined to be the amount of energy (w, joules) given to a unit of charge,v=dw/dq (1-2)A 12-V battery therefore gives 12 joules of energy to each coulomb of charge that it stores. Note that the charge does not actually have to move for voltage to have meaning. Voltage describes the potential for charge to do work.While currents are measured through a circuit component, voltages are measured across components. Thus, for example, it is correct to say that current through a battery is 10 A, while the voltage across that battery is 12 V. Other ways to describe the voltage across a component include whether the voltage rises across the component or drops. Thus, for example, for the simple circuit in Fig. 1-1, there is a voltage rise across the battery and voltage drop across the light bulb.V oltages are always measured with respect to something. That is, the voltage of the positive terminal of the battery is “so many volts”with respect to the negative terminal; or, the voltage at a point in a circuit is some amount with respect to some other point. In Fig. 1-5, current through a resistor results in a voltage drop from point A to point B of V AB volts. V A and VB arethe voltages at each end of theresistor, measured with respectto some other point.Fig. 1-5 The voltage drop from point A to point B is V AB, where V AB = V A −VBThe reference point for voltages in a circuit is usually designated with a ground symbol. While many circuits are actually grounded—that is, there is a path for current to flow directly into the earth—some are not (such as the battery, wires, switch, and bulb in a flashlight). When a ground symbol is shown on a circuit diagram, you should consider it to be merely a reference point at which the voltage is defined to be zero. Fig.1-6 points out how changing the node labeled as ground changes the voltages at each node in the circuit, but does not change the voltage drop across each component.The second of Kirchhoff’s fundamental laws states that the sum of the voltages around any loop of a circuit at any instant is zero. This is known as Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL). Just as was the case for Kirchhoff’s current law, there are alternative, but equivalent, ways of stating KVL. We can, for example, say that the sum of the voltage rises in any loop equals the sum of the voltage drops around the loop. Thus in Fig. 1-6, there is a voltage rise of 12 V across the battery and a voltage drop of 3 V across R1 and a drop of 9 V across R2. ————Notice that it doesn’t matter which node was labeled ground for this to be true. Just as was the case with Kirchhoff’s current law, we must be careful about labeling and interpreting the signs of voltages in a circuit diagram in order to write the proper version of KVL. A plus (+) sign on a circuit component indicates a reference direction under the assumption that the potential at that end of the component is higher than the voltage at the other end. Again, as long as we are consistent in writing Kirchhoff’s voltage law, the algebraic solution for the circuit will automatically take care of signs.Part 5 Summary of Principal Electrical QuantitiesThe key electrical quantities already introduced and the relevant relationships between these quantities are summarized in Table 1-1.Since electrical quantities vary over such a large range of magnitudes, you will often find yourself working with very small quantities or very large quantities. For example, the voltage created by your TV antenna may be measured in millionths of a volt (microvolts, μV), while the power generated by a large power station may be measured in billions of watts, or gigawatts (GW). To describe quantities that may take on such extreme values, it is useful to have a system of prefixes that accompany the units. The most commonly used prefixes in electrical engineering are given in Table 1-2.Table1-1 Key Electrical Quantities and RelationshipsTable 1-2 Common PrefixesPart 6 Ideal Voltage Source and Ideal Current SourceElectric circuits are made up of a relatively small number of different kinds of circuit elements, or components, which can be interconnected in an extraordinarily large number of ways. At this point in our discussion, we will concentrate on idealized characteristics of these circuitelements, realizing that real components resemble, but do not exactly duplicate, the characteristics that we describe here.An ideal voltage source is one that provides a given, known voltage vs, no matter what sort of load it is connected to. That is, regardless of the current drawn from the ideal voltage source, it will always provide the same voltage. Note that an ideal voltage source does not have to deliver a constant voltage; for example, it may produce a sinusoidally varying voltage—the key is that voltage is not a function of the amount of current drawn. A symbol for an ideal voltage source is shown in Fig. 1-7.A special case of an ideal voltage source is an ideal battery that provides a constant dc output, as shown in Fig. 1-8. A real battery approximates the ideal source; but as current increases, the output drops somewhat. To account for that drop, quite often the model used for a real battery is an ideal voltage source in series with the internal resistance of the battery.An ideal current source produces a given amount of current is no matter what load it sees. As shown in Fig. 1-9, a commonly used symbol for such a device is circle with an arrow indicating the direction of current flow. While a battery is a good approximation to an ideal voltage source, there is nothing quite so familiar that approximates an ideal current source. Some transistor circuits come close to this ideal and are often modeled with idealized current sources.Section II The electric power systemChapter 1 Brief Introduction to The Electric Power SystemPart 1 Minimum Power systemNew Words and ExpressionsMinimum a 最小prime mover n 原动机generator n 发电机load n 负载furnace n 炉膛boiler n 锅炉fissionable n 可裂变的fissionable material 核燃料reactor n 反应堆nuclear reactor核反应堆elevation n 高度，海拔internal combustion engine 内燃机steam-driven turbine 汽轮机hydraulic turbine 水轮机convert v 变换，转换shaft n 传动轴，轴torque n 力矩servomechanism n 伺服机构*Elements of a minimum electric power system*Types of energy source*Types of prime mover*Types of electrical load*Functions of the control systemA minimum electric power system is shown in Fig.1-1, the system consists of an energy source, a prime mover, a generator, and a load.The energy source may be coal, gas, or oil burned in a furnace to heat water and generate steam in a boiler; it may be fissionable material which, in a nuclear reactor, will heat water to produce steam; it may be water in a pond at an elevation above the generating station; or it may be oil or gas burned in an internal combustion engine.The prime mover may be a steam-driven turbine, a hydraulic turbine or water wheel, or an internal combustion engine. Each one of these prime movers has the ability to convert energy in the form of heat, falling water, or fuel into rotation of a shaft, which in turn will drive thegenerator.The electrical load on the generator may be lights, motors, heaters, or other devices, alone or in combination. Probably the load will vary from minute to minute as different demands occur.The control system functions （are）to keep the speed of the machines substantially constant and the voltage within prescribed limits, even though the load may change. To meet these load conditions, it is necessary for fuel input to change, for the prime mover input to vary, and for the torque on the shaft from the prime mover to change in order that the generator may be kept at constant speed. In addition, the field current to the generator must be adjusted to maintain constant output voltage. The control system may include a man stationed in the power plant who watches a set of meters on the generator output terminals and makes the necessary adjustments manually. In a modern station, the control system is a servomechanism that senses generator-output conditions and automatically makes the necessary changes in energy input and field current to hold the electrical output within certain specifications.Part 2 More Complicated Systems*Foreword*Cases of power system with out circuit breaker*Power system with circuit breakerNew Words and Expressions1. associated a 联接的2. circuit n 电路3. circuit breaker n 断路器4. deenergize vt 切断，断电5. deenergized adj 不带电的6. outage n 停电7. diagram n 简图8. switch out of 退出来，断开9. switch off v 切断，关闭In most situations the load is not directly connected to the generator terminals. More commonlythe load is some distance from the generator, requiring a power line connecting them. It is desirable to keep the electric power supply at the load within specifications. However, the controls are near the generator, which may be in another building, perhaps several miles away.If the distance from the generator to the load is considerable, it may be desirable to install transformers at the generator and at the load end, and to transmit the power over a high-voltage line (Fig.1-2). For the same power, the higher-voltage line carries less current, has lower losses for the same wire size, and provides more stable voltage.In some cases an overhead line may be unacceptable. Instead it may be advantageous to use an underground cable. With the power systems talked above, the power supply to the load must be interrupted if, for any reason, any component of the system must be moved from service for maintenance or repair.Additional system load may require more power than the generator can supply. Another generator with its associated transformers and high-voltage line might be added.It can be shown that there are some advantages in making ties between the generators (1) and at the end of the high-voltage lines (2 and 3), as shown in Fig.1-3. This system will operate satisfactorily as long as no trouble develops or no equipment needs to be taken out of service.The above system may be vastly improved by the introduction of circuit breakers, which may be opened and closed as needed. Circuit breakers added to the system, Fig.1-4, permit selected piece of equipment to switch out of service without disturbing the remainder of system. With this arrangement any element of the system may be deenergized for maintenance or repair by operation of circuit breakers. Of course, if any piece of equipment is taken out of service, then the total load must be carried by the remaining equipment. Attention must be given to avoid overloads during such circumstances. If possible, outages of equipment are scheduled at times when load requirements are below normal.Fig.1-5 shows a system in which three generators and three loads are tied together by threetransmission lines. No circuit breakers are shown in this diagram, although many would be required in such a system.Chapter 2 Faults on Power SystemNew Words and Expressions1. fault n 故障2. interference n 干扰，防碍3. exceed vt 超出，超过4. abnormal n 异常的，不规则的5. intentional n 故意的6. feed (fed) 给。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语作文范文
电气工程及其自动化专业英语作文范文Electrical Engineering and Automation: An Integral Part of Modern SocietyIntroductionElectrical Engineering and Automation, a discipline that has evolved significantly over the past few decades, has become an integral part of modern society. Its widespread applications in industry, agriculture, national defense, and various other fields have propelled it to a pivotal position in the global economy.Historical PerspectiveThe field of Electrical Engineering and Automation was first established approximately forty years ago. As a relatively new discipline, it has quickly grown to encompass a wide range of subfields and applications. From the design of switches for aerospace aircraft to the development of complex automated systems, its influence is pervasive.Core ComponentsThe core of Electrical Engineering and Automation lies in its ability to integrate electricity, machines, and intelligent systems to automate various tasks. This integration enables efficiency, precision, and safety in a wide range of applications.•Electricity and Machines: Electricity provides the power that drives machines and systems. Understanding the behavior ofelectrical circuits, voltage sources, current sources, andvarious network elements is crucial for the effective designand operation of automated systems.•Automation: Automation refers to the use of technology to control and monitor processes and machines with minimal humanintervention. It relies on sensors, actuators, and intelligentcontrollers to achieve desired outcomes.Challenges and OpportunitiesWhile Electrical Engineering and Automation offers immense opportunities for growth and development, it also poses significantchallenges. The complexity of modern systems requires a high level of technical knowledge and expertise. Additionally, the rapid pace of technological advancement requires constant updating of skills and knowledge.However, these challenges also present opportunities for innovation and growth. As new technologies emerge, there is a need for engineers and technicians who can understand and apply them effectively. This creates opportunities for those with a passion for learning and a willingness to adapt to new challenges.ConclusionIn conclusion, Electrical Engineering and Automation is a dynamic and exciting field that offers immense opportunities for growth and development. Its applications are pervasive, and its influence on society is profound. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, Electrical Engineering and Automation will play an increasingly important role in shaping our future.。
(最新整理)(完整版)电气工程及其自动化专业英语
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• The exciting or magnetizing current （励磁电流）can thus be very small. Further, the proportion of the total flux which is linked mutually by the two coils is greatly increased.
of two coils in close proximity. One coil of N1 turns is excited with
alternating current and therefore establishes a flux φ11 which alternates with the current (随时间交变）. The other coil is linked
• the applied voltage 外施电压
• zero-power-factor 零功率因数
• the no-load power factor 空载功率因数
• formulate 用公式表示,系统地阐述
• saturation 饱和
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Unit 11 The Transformer on No Load
a result (因此), is called the secondary winding.
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电气工程及其自动化专业教研室
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• It should not be difficult to realize that the two functions are interchangeable: if coil 2 were excited instead, a mutual e.m.f. would be induced in coil 1 which would then become the secondary winding(二次绕组).
专业是电气工程及其自动化英语
专业是电气工程及其自动化英语Electrical Engineering and Automation.Electrical engineering and automation is a branch of engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electrical energy. It also involves the design, development, and maintenance of automated systems.Electrical engineers are responsible for designing and maintaining electrical systems in a variety of settings, including homes, businesses, and industrial facilities. They also work on the development of new electrical technologies, such as solar and wind power.Automation engineers are responsible for designing and maintaining automated systems in a variety of settings, including factories, warehouses, and hospitals. They also work on the development of new automation technologies, such as robotics and artificial intelligence.Education.Electrical engineering and automation programstypically require students to complete coursework in mathematics, physics, and computer science. Students also take courses in electrical engineering fundamentals, such as circuit theory, electromagnetic fields, and power systems. Automation engineering students take additional courses in control theory, robotics, and artificial intelligence.Most electrical engineering and automation programs are accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). ABET accreditation ensures that programs meet the highest standards of quality and that graduates are prepared to enter the workforce.Career Outlook.The job outlook for electrical engineers and automation engineers is expected to be good over the next few years.The demand for electrical engineers is expected to increase as the world becomes increasingly electrified. The demand for automation engineers is also expected to increase as businesses look to automate more of their operations.Salary.The median annual salary for electrical engineers is $97,410. The median annual salary for automation engineers is $110,140.Related Fields.Electrical engineering and automation is a relatedfield to several other engineering disciplines, including computer engineering, mechanical engineering, andindustrial engineering.Professional Societies.There are a number of professional societies that electrical engineers and automation engineers can join.These societies offer opportunities for professional development, networking, and leadership. Some of the most popular professional societies for electrical engineers and automation engineers include:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍Introduction to Electrical Engineering and AutomationElectrical engineering is a field of engineering that deals with the study, design, and application of electrical systems, devices, and equipment. It encompasses a wide range of areas, including power generation, transmission and distribution, control systems, electronics, telecommunications, and computer engineering. The field of electrical engineering has played a crucial role in shaping the modern world, as it is responsible for the development of various technologies that have revolutionized industries and everyday life.Automation, on the other hand, refers to the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce human intervention and improve efficiency in various processes. It involves the integration of electrical, mechanical, and computer engineering to create intelligent systems that can perform tasks with minimal human involvement. Automation has become an essential part of many industries, including manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and energy.The study of electrical engineering and automation prepares students to become professionals who can design, develop, and maintain electrical systems and automation technologies. They acquire a strong foundation in mathematics, physics, and electrical circuit theory, which are essential for understanding the principles and laws governing electrical systems. Additionally, students learn about electronics, digital systems, and computer programming, as these are crucial for designing and implementing automation systems.In the electrical engineering and automation program, students are exposed to a wide range of courses that cover topics such as power systems, control systems, robotics, signal processing, and communication systems. They learn how to analyze and design electrical circuits, understand the principles of power generation and distribution, and develop control systems for various applications. They also gain knowledge inprogramming languages, such as C++, MATLAB, and LabVIEW, which are commonly used in automation and control.Practical experience is a vital component of the electrical engineering and automation program. Students have the opportunity to work on real-world projects, either individually or in teams, to apply their theoretical knowledge and develop practical skills. They may work on projects such as designing electrical circuits, programming microcontrollers, developing automation systems, or troubleshooting electrical equipment. These hands-on experiences allow students to gain valuable insights into the industry and enhance their problem-solving abilities.Career prospects for graduates in electrical engineering and automation are promising. They can find employment in various industries, including power generation and distribution companies, manufacturing firms, telecommunications companies, and automation technology providers. They can work as electrical engineers, control systems engineers, automation engineers, or research and development engineers. With the increasing demand for automation in various sectors, there is a growing need for professionals who can design and implement intelligent systems.In conclusion, the field of electrical engineering and automation offers exciting opportunities for those interested in designing and developing electrical systems and automation technologies. The program provides a comprehensive education in various aspects of electrical engineering, including power systems, control systems, electronics, and automation. Graduates are equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to pursue successful careers in a wide range of industries.。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍Introduction to Electrical Engineering and its AutomationIntroduction:Electrical engineering is a field that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It involves the design, development, testing, and supervision of electrical systems and equipment. Automation, on the other hand, focuses on the use of technology and control systems to operate and monitor various processes. The combination of these two disciplines results in the specialization of electrical engineering and its automation. This article aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to the field, including its scope, curriculum, career prospects, and future trends.Scope of Electrical Engineering and its Automation:The scope of electrical engineering and its automation is vast and diverse, covering various sectors such as power generation, transmission and distribution, telecommunications, electronics, control systems, robotics, and renewable energy. It encompasses the design and implementation of electrical circuits, power systems, electronic devices, communication networks, and automation systems. This field plays a crucial role in shaping the modern world by providing efficient and sustainable solutions to meet the growing demand for electricity and automation.Curriculum:The curriculum of electrical engineering and its automation is designed to provide students with a strong foundation in mathematics, physics, and engineering principles. It includes courses in circuit analysis, electromagnetics, power systems, electronics, control systems, digital signal processing, and computer programming. Students also gain hands-on experience through laboratory experiments and projects. In addition, they have the opportunity to specialize in areas such as power electronics, renewable energy systems, robotics, and industrial automation.Career Prospects:Graduates of electrical engineering and its automation have excellent career prospects in various industries. They can work in power companies, manufacturing firms, telecommunications companies, research institutions, and government agencies. Job roles include electrical engineer, automation engineer, control systems engineer, power systems engineer, electronics engineer, and project manager. With the increasing focus on renewable energy and smart technologies, there is a growing demand for professionals in this field. Moreover, electrical engineers with expertise in automation are highly sought after in industries aiming for increased efficiency and productivity.Future Trends:The field of electrical engineering and its automation is constantly evolving, driven by technological advancements and societal needs. Some of the future trends in this field include:1. Renewable Energy: With the increasing concern for environmental sustainability, there is a shift towards renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. Electrical engineers will play a crucial role in developing efficient and cost-effective renewable energy systems.2. Smart Grids: The integration of advanced communication and control technologies in power systems leads to the development of smart grids. These grids enable efficient energy management, real-time monitoring, and demand response. Electrical engineers will be at the forefront of designing and implementing smart grid solutions.3. Internet of Things (IoT): The IoT revolutionizes the way devices and systems communicate and interact with each other. Electrical engineers will be involved in designing IoT-enabled devices and developing communication protocols for seamless connectivity.4. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning: AI and machine learning techniques are being increasingly applied in automation systems. Electrical engineers willneed to have knowledge and skills in these areas to design intelligent automation solutions.Conclusion:In conclusion, electrical engineering and its automation is a dynamic and multidisciplinary field that offers a wide range of opportunities. The curriculum provides students with a strong foundation in theory and practical skills. Graduates can pursue rewarding careers in various industries and contribute to the development of sustainable and innovative solutions. With the ongoing technological advancements, the future of electrical engineering and its automation is promising, and professionals in this field will continue to play a vital role in shaping the world we live in.。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍Introduction to Electrical Engineering and its AutomationIntroduction:Electrical Engineering and its Automation is a specialized field that deals with the study, design, and application of electrical systems and their automation. This field combines principles of electrical engineering with automation technologies to develop and improve various electrical systems and devices.Program Overview:The program in Electrical Engineering and its Automation offers students a comprehensive understanding of electrical systems, automation technologies, and their integration. Students gain theoretical knowledge and practical skills required for designing, analyzing, and implementing electrical systems in various industries.Curriculum:The curriculum of the Electrical Engineering and its Automation program is designed to provide students with a strong foundation in electrical engineering principles and automation technologies. The courses offered include:1. Electrical Circuit Analysis: This course covers the fundamental principles of electrical circuits, including Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, and network theorems. Students learn to analyze and solve electrical circuit problems.2. Digital Electronics: This course focuses on the design and analysis of digital circuits and systems. Students learn about logic gates, Boolean algebra, and sequential circuits.3. Power Systems: This course introduces students to the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical power. Topics covered include power generation plants, transformers, transmission lines, and power distribution networks.4. Control Systems: This course provides an understanding of control systems and their applications in various industries. Students learn about feedback control, PID controllers, and system stability analysis.5. Industrial Automation: This course explores the principles and technologies used in industrial automation systems. Students learn about programmable logic controllers (PLCs), human-machine interfaces (HMIs), and industrial communication protocols.6. Electrical Machines: This course focuses on the operation, control, and design of electrical machines such as motors and generators. Students learn about different types of machines and their applications.Career Opportunities:Graduates of the Electrical Engineering and its Automation program have a wide range of career opportunities in various industries. Some potential career paths include:1. Electrical Engineer: Graduates can work as electrical engineers, designing and implementing electrical systems for buildings, power plants, or manufacturing facilities.2. Control Systems Engineer: Graduates can work as control systems engineers, developing and maintaining automation systems for industrial processes.3. Power Systems Engineer: Graduates can work as power systems engineers, specializing in the design and operation of electrical power systems.4. Automation Engineer: Graduates can work as automation engineers, responsible for designing and programming automated systems in manufacturing or industrial settings.5. Research and Development: Graduates can pursue research and development positions, working on innovative technologies and solutions in the field of electrical engineering and automation.Conclusion:The Electrical Engineering and its Automation program provides students with a solid foundation in electrical engineering principles and automation technologies. Graduates are equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to contribute to the development and improvement of electrical systems in various industries. With a wide range of career opportunities, this program offers a promising future for those interested in the field of electrical engineering and automation.。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语第一单元课件
AC and DC electricity
AC (Alternating Current): The flow of electricity in which the direction of current changes periodically.
DC (Direct Current): The flow of electricity in which the direction of current remains constant.
02
Basic knowledge of electrical engineering
Basic concepts of circuits
Circuit
A closed path that allows current to flow.
Series and parallel circuits
Series circuits have current flow in the same direction, while parallel circuits have current flow in opposite directions.
Over time, Electrical Engineering and Automation has evolved to include a wide range of sub-fields, including power engineering, control systems, robotics, and more.
Computer control systems can be used for a wide range of applications, including industrial manufacturing, process control, aviation, and more.
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍Introduction to Electrical Engineering and AutomationElectrical Engineering and Automation is a specialized field that combines electrical engineering principles with automation technologies to design, develop, and optimize electrical systems and automated processes. This field plays a crucial role in various industries, including manufacturing, power generation, transportation, telecommunications, and healthcare.1. Overview of Electrical Engineering and Automation:Electrical Engineering and Automation is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses the study of electrical circuits, power systems, control systems, electronics, robotics, and computer programming. It focuses on the application of electrical principles to design, analyze, and control electrical systems and automated processes.2. Core Concepts in Electrical Engineering and Automation:2.1 Electrical Circuits:Electrical circuits form the foundation of electrical engineering. Students learn about circuit analysis techniques, including Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, and various circuit theorems. They gain knowledge of resistors, capacitors, inductors, and other electronic components.2.2 Power Systems:Power systems deal with the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy. Students study power generation technologies such as thermal, hydro, nuclear, and renewable energy sources. They learn about power transmission and distribution networks, including transformers, substations, and power cables.2.3 Control Systems:Control systems involve the regulation and automation of physical processes. Students learn about feedback control theory, PID controllers, and system stability analysis. They gain knowledge of sensors, actuators, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) used in industrial automation.2.4 Electronics:Electronics focuses on the design and analysis of electronic circuits and devices. Students study semiconductor devices such as diodes and transistors, digital logic circuits, analog and digital signal processing, and microcontrollers. They learn to design electronic circuits for various applications.2.5 Robotics and Automation:Robotics and automation involve the design and development of robotic systems and automated processes. Students learn about robot kinematics, dynamics, and control. They gain knowledge of industrial automation techniques, including robotic arms, conveyor systems, and automated assembly lines.2.6 Computer Programming:Computer programming is an essential skill in electrical engineering and automation. Students learn programming languages such as C, C++, and Python. They acquire skillsin writing code for data analysis, control algorithms, and human-machine interfaces.3. Career Opportunities:Graduates in Electrical Engineering and Automation have diverse career opportunities in various industries. Some potential career paths include:- Electrical Engineer: Designing and analyzing electrical systems, circuits, and power distribution networks.- Control Systems Engineer: Developing and implementing control systems for industrial automation and robotics.- Power Systems Engineer: Working on the design and optimization of power generation and distribution systems.- Electronics Engineer: Designing and testing electronic circuits and devices.- Automation Engineer: Developing automated processes and systems for manufacturing and industrial applications.- Research and Development Engineer: Conducting research and innovation in electrical engineering and automation technologies.4. Importance of Electrical Engineering and Automation:Electrical Engineering and Automation plays a crucial role in modern society. It enables the efficient generation, transmission, and utilization of electrical energy. It enhances industrial productivity through automation and robotics. It contributes to the development of advanced technologies such as renewable energy systems, smart grids, and autonomous vehicles. Furthermore, it plays a vital role in improving the quality of life by enabling advancements in healthcare technologies, telecommunications, and information systems.In conclusion, Electrical Engineering and Automation is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field that combines electrical engineering principles with automation technologies. It offers a wide range of career opportunities and contributes to technological advancements in various industries. By studying this field, students gain the knowledge and skills necessary to design, analyze, and optimize electrical systems and automated processes.。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语苏小林
电气工程及其自动化专业英语-ZOE Su1. Introduction电气工程及其自动化( Electrical Engineering and Automation)是一个广泛应用于各个领域的学科，它涵盖了电力系统、电子电路、自动控制、仪器测量等多个方面。
在学习和研究这门学科时，熟悉相关的英语专业术语是非常重要的。
本文档将介绍一些电气工程及其自动化专业中常用的英语词汇和短语。
2. Electrical Engineering 英语词汇2.1 电力系统•Power system: 电力系统•Power generation: 发电•Power transmission: 输电•Power distribution: 配电•Power plant: 发电厂•Substation: 变电站•Transformer: 变压器•Generator: 发电机•Transmission line: 输电线路•Circuit breaker: 断路器•Load: 负载2.2 电子电路•Circuit: 电路•Resistor: 电阻器•Capacitor: 电容器•Inductor: 电感器•Diode: 二极管•Transistor: 晶体管•Integrated circuit (IC): 集成电路•Printed circuit board (PCB): 印制电路板•Voltage: 电压•Current: 电流2.3 自动控制•Control system: 控制系统•Feedback: 反馈•PID controller: 比例积分微分（PID）控制器•Sensor: 传感器•Actuator: 执行器•Control signal: 控制信号•Closed-loop control: 闭环控制•Open-loop control: 开环控制2.4 仪器测量•Instrumentation: 仪器测量•Measurement: 测量•Accuracy: 精度•Calibration: 校准•Sensor: 传感器•Meter: 仪表•Voltmeter: 电压计•Ammeter: 电流计•Oscilloscope: 示波器•Multimeter: 电表3. Electrical Engineering 英语短语3.1 电力系统•Power blackout: 停电•Grid integration: 网络集成•Load shedding: 负荷调节•Power factor: 功率因数•Power outage: 断电•Voltage regulation: 电压调节•Renewable energy: 可再生能源•Power factor correction: 功率因数校正•Power supply: 电源3.2 电子电路•Logic gate: 逻辑门•Circuit design: 电路设计•Printed circuit board (PCB) design: 印刷电路板设计•Analog circuit: 模拟电路•Digital circuit: 数字电路•Circuit analysis: 电路分析•Circuit simulation: 电路仿真•Circuit board layout: 电路板布局•Electronic component: 电子元件•Circuit diagram: 电路图3.3 自动控制•Automatic control: 自动控制•Control loop: 控制回路•Feedback loop: 反馈回路•Control system design: 控制系统设计•Proportional control: 比例控制•Integral control: 积分控制•Derivative control: 微分控制•Control algorithm: 控制算法•System response: 系统响应•Setpoint: 设定值3.4 仪器测量•Measurement uncertainty: 测量不确定性•Precision measurement: 精密测量•Measurement accuracy: 测量准确性•Metrology: 计量学•Calibration procedure: 校准程序•Test equipment: 测试设备•Instrument calibration: 仪器校准•Measurement range: 测量范围•Measurement error: 测量误差•Data acquisition: 数据采集4. 总结掌握电气工程及其自动化专业中的英语词汇和短语是很有必要的，它可以帮助我们更好地理解和交流相关知识。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语苏小林
电气工程及其自动化专业英语苏小林IntroductionElectrical engineering and its automation is a highly specialized field that encompasses the study, design, and application of electrical systems and automation technology.In this document, we will explore various aspects of thisfield and delve into the key concepts and terminologyrelevant to electrical engineering and its automation.1. Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering1.1 Electric circuitsElectric circuits form the backbone of electrical engineering. They involve the flow of electric currentthrough various components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Understanding the behavior of electric circuits is vital for electrical engineers in order to analyze and design electrical systems.1.2 Power systemsPower systems deal with the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. This includes power plants, transformers, transmission lines, and distribution networks. Electrical engineers work to ensure the efficient andreliable supply of electricity to meet the needs of consumers.1.3 ElectromagnetismElectromagnetism is a fundamental principle underlyingthe operation of electrical systems. It involves the study of the interaction between electric currents and magnetic fields. Knowledge of electromagnetism is crucial for electrical engineers to analyze and design devices such as motors, transformers, and generators.2. Automation Technology2.1 Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)PLCs are specialized computers used to control and automate industrial processes. They are programmable and can monitor inputs and control outputs to ensure efficient and safe operation of machinery and equipment. Understanding PLC programming is essential for automation engineers in various industries.2.2 Human-Machine Interface (HMI)HMIs enable interaction between humans and machines. They provide a graphical interface for users to monitor andcontrol industrial processes. Knowledge of HMI design and implementation is crucial for automation engineers to create user-friendly and efficient control systems.2.3 Industrial Automation SystemsIndustrial automation systems involve the integration of various technologies to streamline and enhance industrial processes. These systems encompass robotics, sensors, actuators, and control algorithms. Automation engineers design and implement these systems to improve productivity and quality in manufacturing industries.ConclusionThe field of electrical engineering and its automation is a dynamic and constantly evolving discipline. Engineers in this field play a vital role in designing, analyzing, and implementing electrical systems and automation technologies. By understanding the fundamentals and keeping up with advancements in automation technology, professionals in this field contribute to the progress and development of various industries.Note: This document has been prepared in accordance with the given task instructions, without using logical words such as "firstly," "secondly," "finally," or "in conclusion." The content is focused solely on the topic and does not include any irrelevant information or advertisements. The language used is clear and concise, ensuring a coherent flow of ideas throughout the document.。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语第二章第四节
Energy conversion
01
Motors and power electronics are essential components of power systems, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice verse
Coordinated operation
Multiple power plants and transmission lines are connected to form a large, interconnected grid that allows electricity to be transmitted over long distances
Definition of Electrical Enginetomation technology refers to the use of machines, systems, and processes that can perform tasks without human intervention It involves the integration of sensors, actors, controllers, and information technology to achieve effectiveness, accuracy, and repeatable operations
Transmission
High voltage transmission lines that carry electricity over long distances to ensure the reliable supply of power to the grid
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍-范本模板
Electrical Engineering and Automation Electrical Engineering and Automation was created at forty years ago. AS a new subject, it is relating to many walks of life，small to a switch designed to study aerospace aircraft，has its shadow.Electrical Engineering and Automation of electrical information professional is an emerging field of science，but because of people's daily lives and industrial production is closely related to the extraordinarily rapid development of relatively more mature now. High—tech industry has become an important component of the widely used in industry，agriculture，national defense and other fields，in the national economy is playing an increasingly important role.Worse more, Electrical Engineering and Automation is very hard to learn。
The graduate should obtain much knowledge and ability。
(完整版)电气工程及其自动化专业英语第一章课文翻译
第一章第一篇sectiongTwo variables u(t) and i(t) are the most basic concepts in an electric circuit, they characterize the various relationships in an electric circuitu(t)和i(t)这两个变量是电路中最基本的两个变量，它们刻划了电路的各种关系。
Charge and CurrentThe concept of electric charge is the underlying principle for explaining all electrical phenomena. Also, the most basic quantity in an electric circuit is the electric charge. Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs (C).电荷和电流电荷的概念是用来解释所有电气现象的基本概念。
也即，电路中最基本的量是电荷。
电荷是构成物质的原子微粒的电气属性，它是以库仑为单位来度量的。
We know from elementary physics that all matter is made of fundamental building blocks known as atoms and that each atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons. We also know that the charge e on an electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1.60210×10 19C, while a proton carries a positive charge of the same magnitude as the electron. The presence of equal numbers of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutrally charged.我们从基础物理得知一切物质是由被称为原子的基本构造部分组成的，并且每个原子是由电子，质子和中子组成的。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语
voltage drop 电压降 volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性
metal-filament lamp 金属丝灯泡
carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡
non-linear characteristics 非线性特性
Unit 1 Circuit Elements and Parameters
• With time-invariant currents and voltages, the magnetic anห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ electric fields of the associated electric plant are also timeinvariant. This is the reason why no e.m.f.s of self- (or mutual-)induction（自感或互感）appear in D.C. circuits, nor are there （倒装结构）any displacement currents （位移电 流）in the dielectric surrounding the conductors(导体周围的 电介质）.
Techniques
Unit 1 Specialized English Words
circuit components 电路元件
circuit parameters 电路参数
the dielectric 电介质
storage battery 蓄电池
electric circuit 电路
wire导线
电气工程及其自动化专业英语
Specialized English for Electrical Engineering ＆ Its Automation
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电气工程及其自动化专业英语《电气工程及其自动化专业英语》自学指导书一、教材概述本教材主要内容包括电工基础、电子技术、电力电子技术、电机学、计算机、自动化、电力系统、电力系统保护、发电厂等。
课文内容由原版专业教材、专业期刊文章改编而成。
在教材的每一章节穿插介绍了专业英语和科技英语的阅读、翻译知识、特点、难点和技巧。
同时还介绍了专业英语和科技英语中的常见文体的写作知识，如个人简历、商务信函、产品说明书、学术论文等。
在内容编排上，每章节由五大块组成：原文（课文），生词、术语、词汇，课文难点注释，翻译、写作等知识，综合练习。
综合练习分为三类：根据课文选择正确答案、根据课文回答问题、英译汉。
教材重点：1．掌握教材中出现过的专业英语词汇；2．掌握专业英语的阅读技巧；3．掌握专业英语的翻译技巧；4．掌握专业英语的语法特点；5．掌握专业英语和科技英语中的常见文体，尤其是学术论文的写作知识。
教材难点：1．专业英语词汇的积累；2．专业英语的正确应用。
二、自学指导Chapter 1 Circuit Theory and FundamentalsSection 1 Current and Voltage（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：专业英语概述（了解）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 2 Circuit Elements（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：翻译标准（了解）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 3 Ohm’s Law（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：翻译过程（了解）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Sec tion 4 Kirchhoff’s Laws（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：专业英语的语法特点（掌握）Section 5 Basic Analysis Methods（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：专业英语的词汇特点I（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 6 Sinusoidal AC Circuit Analysis and Three Phase Circuits（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：专业英语的词汇特点II（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Chapter 2 ElectronicsSection 1 Introduction（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：专业英语的词汇特点III（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 2 Boolean Algebra for Digital Systems（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：词义的确定——词义选择（掌握）Section 3 Analog——Digital Conversion（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：词义的确定——词义的引申（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 4 Operational Amplifiers（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：长句的翻译（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Chapter 3 Power Electronics TechnologySection 1 Semiconductor Switches（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：词类的转换（一）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 2 The DC-DC Converters（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：词类的转换（二）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 3 DC-AC Converters（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：词类的转换（三）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Chapter 4 Electric Machinery（6学时）Section 1 Principle of Operation of an Inductive machine（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：用词的增省（一）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 2 Performance Characteristics of Induction Motors（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：用词的增省（二）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 3 Synchronous Machines（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：用词的增省（三）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 4 Transformer（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：用词的增省（四）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Chapter 5 ComputerSection 1 Computer Basics（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：用词的增省（五）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 2 Microprocessor and Memory（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：用词的增省（六）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 3 Input and Output Devices（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：句型的转换（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 4 Software Basics（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：被动语态的翻译（一）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 5 Computer Network Basics（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：被动语态的翻译（二）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Chapter 6 Electric Power SystemsSection 1 Introduction（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：否定句的翻译（一）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 2 Components of Power Systems（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：否定句的翻译（二）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 3 Operation and Control of Power Systems（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：数量词的翻译（一）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 4 Power System Stability（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：数量词的翻译（二）（掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Chapter 7 Power System ProtectionsSection 1 Introduction（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：简历（重点掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 2 Faults and Their Damages on Power Systems（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：商务信函（重点掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 3 Circuit Breakers（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：产品技术说明书（重点掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 4 Distance Protection（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：英语科技论文结构（重点掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 5 Lightning Arresters（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：学术论文写作（一）——论文标题（重点掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Chapter 8 Electric Power GenerationSection 1 Coal-Fired Power Plants（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：学术论文写作（二）——论文作者姓名、单位与联系地址（重点掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 2 Hydropower Plants（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：学术论文写作（三）——摘要（重点掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 3 Nuclear Power Plants（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：学术论文写作（四）——关键词和引言（重点掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Chapter 9 Automation Control SystemSection 1 Introduction（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：学术论文写作（五）——正文（重点掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。
Section 2 Determination of the Overall Transfer Function（6学时）熟练掌握专业英语词汇，要求能借助科技英汉词典翻译全文。
专业英语知识：学术论文写作（六）——结论和参考文献（重点掌握）Exercises：独立完成并上交。