英语句子成分主要有哪几种

英语句子成分主要有哪几种
英语句子成分主要有哪几种

英语句子成分主要有哪几种

英语句子主要由主语部分和谓语部分组成,英语的句子成分主要有以下七种:主语、谓语或谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。

主语一般位于句首,是全句所要表达的动作或状态的发出者,一般由名词或相当于名词的词汇担任。

谓语或谓语动词是用来表达主语做出的动作,或所处的状态的词汇,一般紧跟在主语之后,由动词承担。

表语是用于表达主语的身份或特征的,一般处于系动词或连系动词的后面,由形容词或名词承担。

宾语则是及物动词的动作对象,一般处于及物动词之后,由名词或相当于名词的词承担。

定语常放在名词或相当于名词的词前面,起限定或修饰该名词的作用,常由形容词承担。

状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至全局的副词,或相当于副词的短语或从句,放在被修饰的词汇的前后均可。

补语是起补充说明作用的,可用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份状态等。

例句1:Modern airplanes have two black boxes.

Modern airplanes名词短语作句子的主语,形容词modern修饰名词airplanes,作定语,实意动词have作谓语动词,紧跟该动词之后的是宾语,即two black boxes,two是数词作定语,表示数量,形容词black修饰boxes作定语。

例句2:She was a bank manager.

She是句子的主语,was是系动词,a bank manager位于系动词was之后,因此从

语法成分上讲,名词词组a bank manager是表语。

例句3:It left more than 2,000 people dead.

形容词dead在此句中作宾语people的补语,起补充说明宾语的状态,是宾语补足语。

例句4:He was declared a traitor by the Court.

A traitor在该句中用于补充说明主语he的状态,因此我们称之为主语补足语。

总结英语八大句子成分

英语八大句子成分 句子的主要成分是主语和谓语,次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。 1)主语:常用n./pron./num./to do/doing/从句(主语从句)担任,一般放于句首。如:Students study. We are friends. 20 years is not a short time./ 80,000miles is a long journey. To see is to believe. If buying a bag of candies doesn’t appeal to you, how about buying a tree? What he said impressed me most. ★祈使句的主语往往省略。Hurry up,please. 2)谓语:(时态和语态)表示主语的行为或状态,常用vi./vt./系动词或动词词组担任,放主语后。如:She cried. He left. We will arrive soon. He failed the exam. He gave me a gift. I found the book interesting. She remained young after 10 years. 3)宾语:表示动作的对象,常见的有动宾、介宾和形宾。常由n./pron./num./to do/doing/句子(宾语从句)担任。 ①vt+o He passed the exam. I received a message. ②vt+indirect object+direct O I’ll fetch you a chair. He passed the salt to me. I chose a book for me. 此类动词有:give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook, refuse 注:见附录一跟双宾的动词 ③vt+O+OC★ He made the girl laugh. 注:见附录二跟宾和宾补的动词 注:“动词+副词+宾语”,如果宾语是代词,放中间:Please put the shoes away. /Please put away the shoes. / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来。) 4表语:说明主语性质或状态。由n./pron./num./adj./adv./to do/doing/done/pp/句子(表语从句)担任。

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练 习 主语(subject ):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) Tvventy years is a short time in history.(数词) To see is to believe ? (不定式) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It 形式主语,主语从句是真正主 语) 谓语(predicate ):说明主语的动作、状态和特 征。 表语(predicative ):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 Seventy-four! You don' t look it.(代词) Five and five is ten.(数词) He is asleep.(形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My v/atch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To v/ear a flower is to say " I' m poor, I can' t buy a ring.(不;卫式) The question is v/hether they vnll come. (表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be, sound (听起来),look (看起来),feel (摸起来,smell (闻起来),taste (尝、吃起来), remain (保持,仍是),feel (感觉)??? 宾语: 1) 动作的承受者动宾 I like China.(名词) He hates you.(代词) How many do you need? We need two ?(数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动需词) I hope to see you again.(不立式) Did you write dov/n v/hat he said?(宾语从句) 2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词…介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks ? 3) 双宾语…-间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn' t come here.(名) We will make them happy.(形容词)We found nobody in.(副词) We study English. He is asleep. He likes dancing. Seeing is believing ? What he needs is a book. (代词) (动名词) (主语从 He is a teacher. (名词) It sou nds a good idea ? Her voice sounds sweet ? The food smells delicious. The door remains open. The sou nd sounds stra nge. Tbm looks thin. The food tastes good ? Nov/1 feel tired.

英语句子成分xxx$#

句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。 1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。如: Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语。 2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。如: Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends. (我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语。 3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如: They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。) I play with him. (我和他一起玩。) 这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语。 4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如: This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.) He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩。) 这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词,它们作定语。 5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如:

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解和练习试题

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 ?主语+不及物动词She came.. ?主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English. ?主语+系动词+主语补语 ?She is happy. ?主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ?She gave John a book. ?She bought a book for me. ?主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语 ?She makes her mother angry. ?The teacher asked me to read the passage. ?(There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 ?名/代--动词--名/代 ?we-- saw --you. ?we-- did --the work. ?主系表 ?名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词 ?you are beautiful ?you seems worried. ?you are a stufent.

?相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种: ?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 ?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 ?如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) ?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 ?如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) ?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 ?如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 ?如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) ?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 ?如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) ?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

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英语句子成分和英语句子结构

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语: 1)动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)We will make them happy. (形容词)We found nobody in. ( 副词) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语)Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式) His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式) Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)

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