教育管理(本)《公共管理学》期末填空单选练习及答案
教育管理（本）《公共管理学》期末填空、单选练习及答案
2012.11
（根据练习册、中央电大期末复习册及教材章节练习题归并）
一、填空题
1．公共管理的主体是公共组织，客体是社会公共事务，目的是实现公共利益，其过程是公共权力的运作过程。
2．公共物品或服务是指具有效用的不可分割性、消费的非竞争性和受益的非排他性等特性的产品。
3．公共管理学是一门研究公共管理活动规律的学科，它是在公共行政学的基础上发展起来的。（P３）
4．（新）公共管理学在２０世纪８０年代的英国和美国应运而生，并迅速扩展到西方各国。
5. 20世纪40至60年代，可以说是对早期公共行政策的批评与该学科的转变时期，其中最有影响的代表人物是罗伯特·达尔和赫伯特·西蒙，这种批评与转变的结果则是新公共行政学与政策科学的出现。
6公共管理的主体是指行使公共权力的组织和个人。
7一般来讲，政府的职能应分为两部分：政治职能和管理职能。
8政府职能的演变大致经历了限制政府干预、主张政府干预和对政府职能的重新思考三个阶段。
9非政府公共组织的基本特征是非政府性、公益性、正规性、专门性和志愿性。
10我国非政府公共组织的构成主要包括社会团体和民办非企。
11公共政策是指一定的政治实体在特定的情境中，为达到预期目标而制订的行动方案或行动准则。
12根据公共政策对社会有关群体的影响来分，公共政策可分为分配性政策、调节性政策、自我调节政策和再分配政策。
13从不同的角度对政策执行的理论进行界定，形成了行动学派和组织理论学派。
14公共政策的执行可以分为政策宣传、政策分解、物质与组织准备、政府实验和全面实施这五个主要环节。
15政策评估是指政策评估专业人员依据一定的价值标准，运用科学的评估技术与方法，对政策方案的内容、执行情况、执行结果的估计与评价。
16公共组织是以实现公共利益为目的，以管理社会公共事务，提供公共服务为基本职能的社会组织。
17政府组织具有政治性、社会性、权威性、法治性和系统性的特征。
18在公共组织的各构成要素中，是最基本的要素，职位是公共组织结构的支撑点和联结点。
19公共组织结构类型有直线式、职能式、直线职能式和矩阵式结构。
20在某一特定规模的行政组织内，行政组织的管理层次与管理幅度呈反比关系。
21公共部门人力资源除具有能动性、社会性、再生性、时效性、高增值性等一般人力资源特性以外，还具政治性和道德性方面特殊性质。
22公共部门人力资源规划的核心是人力资源需求、供给的预测。
23公共部门职务分析的基础是组织图的编制。
24职务分析的主要内容是工作内涵和任职资格。
25公共部门招募的渠道有两个：一是内部招募，二是外部招募。
26公共部门人员的惩罚可分为司法惩罚和行政惩罚两类。
27．西方公共人力资源管理模式存在四种基本的制度，即政治任命制度、公务员制度、集体谈判
制度和弱势群体保护行动制度。
28公共财政的主要内涵，一是指公共财政是市场的财政，二是指公共财政是公共的财政。
29公共财政的基本职能有资源配置职能、调节收入分配职能和稳定经济职能。
30国家预算管理过程包括预算的编制和审定、预算的执行与监督和国家决算三个阶段。
31公共财政框架构建的核心主要表现在对财政支出的规范、政府财政职能的转变、理顺政府与市场的关系、政府财政的法制化四个方面。
32依据不同的标准，政府审计可以分为不同的种类，以审计的性质为标准，政府审计可以分为预算审计和决算审计。
33信息一种经加工处理后以特定形式存在的数据，它对信息接收者有意义。
34公民有权知道他们应该知道的事情，这种权利被称为公民的知情权。
35最早确立政府信息公开制度的国家是瑞典。
36电子政务以应用为目的，其应用系统建设主要包括信息收集、业务处理和决策支持三个层面。
37公共部门绩效，尤其是政府绩效主要包括经济绩效、社会绩效、政治绩效三个方面。
38完整的绩效管理应包括绩效计划、绩效监控、绩效评估、绩效反馈和绩效结果五个方面。
39绩效评估的主体大致可以分为政府自身、社会组织和公民个人。
40一般而言，我们用经济、效益、效率、公平和责任等架构绩效评估的维度和标准。
41绩效评估的时效指标可分为强调速度指标和强时限制指标。
42衡量公共部门领导决策的质量，主要有方向标准和优化标准两方面的指标。
43公共管理伦理是指公共管理过程中被人们共同认可的伦理准则，这些准则不受不同文化因素的影响。
44公共管理伦理的基本理念主要有公正原则、效率原则、人本原则、诚信原则和服务原则。
45公共管理责任是指公共管理主体根据法律、政策、道德等社会行为规范的要求，对公共管理客体所承担的义务。
46公共管理责任表现为对公共管理客体要求的回应性、对政策制订的弹性，以及对行为结果的负责性等特征。
47公共管理的责任机制主要有：行政控制机制、立法控制机制和司法控制机制。
48 20世纪40至60年代，可以说是对早期公共行政策的批评与该学科的转变时期，其中最有影响的代表人物是罗伯特·达尔和赫伯特·西蒙，这种批评与转变的结果则是新公共行政学与政策科学的出现。１８
49公共管理者的职业特点主要表现为执行公共权力、服务公共社会。５７
50一般来讲，政策评估应坚持事实标准和价值标准。１０２
51公共组织设计是指根据一定的理论和原则对公共组织的结构及其功能进行设计的过程。１２４
52公共组织的变革是指根据其外部环境的变化，主动地对自己原有状态加以改进的一系列的组织行为和措施。１２６
53现代人力资源管理的理念与价值，来源于西方经济学家的人力资本理论。
54西方公务员按其产生方式、任期和与执政党的关系不同而分为事务官和政务官两大类。１７６55我国从１９９３年开始建立和全面推行国家公务员制度，并于2005年颁布了《中华人民共和国公务员法》。１８０
56公务员制度是公共部门人力资源管理制度的核心。１７２？
57绩效管理的核心是绩效评估。２６７
58公民个人作为评估主体，体现了政府绩效评估上的一种全新价值取向，即用户满意原则。２７４
59公共管理伦理的内涵：一是公共管理的制度伦理，二是公共管理者道德定位。３０１
60在司法控制机制中，对于政府来说，诉讼责任和侵权赔偿责任是最重要的控制机制。３２２61市场失灵政府干预经济活动的基本依据和理由。
62公共财政管理主要包括国家预算与决算、预算会计、政府审计等内容。
63《政府信息公开条例》确立“以公开为原则，以不公开为例外”的原则。
64公共管理是公共组织运用公共权力，为实现公共利益，对社会公共事务进行管理的社会活动。
65威尔逊在其《行政之研究》一文中主张政治和行政分离，第一次明确提出应该把行政管理当作一门学科来研究。
66公共管理模式主张：社会问题管理与资源管理相统一，重在问题解决。
67政府失效是指由于政府主体和机制存在本质上的缺失，而无法使资源配置达到最佳效率的情景。
68非政府公共组织一般可分为社会团体和民办非企单位。
69公共政策的制定指向于问题的解决，因而确定政策问题是制定政策的关键因素。
70影响政策执行的因素主要有：政策本身、政治因素、行政因素和沟通因素。
71在公共组织的各构成要素中，职位最基本的要素，是公共组织结构的支撑点和连接点。
72如果管理层次多，则管理幅度就窄；反之管理层次少，则管理幅度就宽。
73公共组织的变革是指根据其外部环境加以改进的一系列的组织行为和措施。
74 2005年4月27日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员通过了中华人民共和国公务员法，并宣布自２００６年１月１日执行。
76绩效管理是对公共服务或计划目标进行设定和实现，并对其结果进行系统评估与反馈的过程。
77.绩效评估主体可分为政府自身、社会组织和个人。
78公共管理伦理是指公共管理过程中被人们共同认可的伦理准则，这些准则不受不同文化因素的影响。
79.公共管理伦理的功能主要有：导向功能、规范功能和凝聚功能。
80.公共管理的责任机制主要有：行政控制机制、司法控制机制和立法控制机制。
81政策执行的手段主要有：主要有行政手段、经济手段、法律手段和思想教育手段。
82信息技术的发展，使公共组织可以借助网络来完成许多服务，体现了公共组织未来发展的虚拟化特点。
83在西方公共人力资源管理模式中存在着四种基本的制度，即政治任命制、公务员制度、集体谈判制度和弱势群体保护行动制度。
二、选择题（四选一）
1.下面哪一项不是西方新公共管理的基本理念？C
A政府的职能是“掌舵”而不是“划桨” B引进私营部门的管理手段和经验
C公务员保持整治中立 D公共服务以顾客为导向
20世纪80年代开始，杂全球掀起了一场深刻的公共行政改革浪潮，这场行政改革又可以称作（B ） A新公共服务运动 B新公共管理运动 C顾客导向运动 D政府改革运动
3.公共管理学作为一门新兴学科，是在公共行政学的基础上发展起来的。而公共行政学作为一门独立的学科则始建于（A）P13
A 19世纪末20世纪初
B 18世纪末19世纪初
C 20世纪20年代
D 20世纪30年代
年美国学者（ D ）在《政治学季刊》上发表《行政之研究》一文，这成为公共行政学诞生的象征性标志
A. 古德诺
B.斯坦因
C. 泰勒
D. 威尔逊
5.1926年在美国出版两本权威的行政学教科书《行政学研究导论》《公共行政学原理》的两位学者分别是（B）。
A泰勒和法约尔 B 怀特和威洛比 C 威尔逊和古德诺 D 马克斯韦伯和赫伯特西蒙
6．在20世纪一二十年代发表著作，对官僚制度进行系统分析和论证，并促成了公共行政管理理论体系建立的德国学者是（ A ）。
A马克斯·韦伯 B古德诺 C法约尔 D 赫伯特·西蒙
将各个国家的政治、经济和公共管理模式进行比较，从中找出共性的规律，这种方法是：（ C ）
A 系统分析法 B案例分析法 C 比较分析法 D定量研究法
8.提供一种真实的或假设的公共管理场景，然后要求研究者去思考问题和寻求答案的研究方法是（D） A定量研究法 B定性研究法 C 系统分析法 D 案例分析法
在1776年撰写《国富论》，论述了政府角色理解的学者是（A）。
A.亚当·斯密
B.凯恩斯
C.胡德
D.史蒂文·科恩
B）
A小政府 B 全能的政府 C 间接政府 D 恰当的政府
(B)。
A.社会人
B.经济人
C.自动人
D.复杂人
12.非政府公共组织，也被称作（C）。
A.第一部门
B.第二部门
C.第三部门
D.公共组织
13．本来应该由政府承担的职能，却因没有尽到职责二出现了“真空”现象，我们称其为政府职能的（A）。
A缺位 B越位 C错位 D不到位。
B）。
A广泛性 B双重性 C针对性 D中介性
A）
A哈罗德－拉丝韦尔与亚伯拉罕－卡普兰 B伍德罗－威尔逊 C托马斯－戴伊 D卡尔－弗里德里奇
D）
A导向作用 B调节作用 C制约作用 D凝聚作用
17.政策规划中要有多个方案以备选择，称为（D）
A 公正原则 B受益原则 C权变原则 D优化原则
18. 在政策执行的本质上，行为学派的代表人物是（A）
A 查尔斯〃奥〃琼斯 B斯保罗〃萨巴蒂尔 C丹尼尔〃马兹曼尼安D. J佛瑞斯特
B）
A政党B智囊专家 C立法机关 D行政机关
20. 公共政策的权威性来源于它的（B）。
A.合理性
B.合法性
C.操作性
D.强制性
D）
A行政手段 B经济手段 C思想道德手段 D文化手段
22．在公共组织的结构行形式中，优点是领导隶属关系清晰，权力与责任明确，缺点是权力高度集中的公共组织结构类型是（A）
A直线式结构 B职能式结构 C直线－职能式结构 D矩阵式结构
23．在公共组织的结构形式中，直线结构形式与职能结构形式相结合的结果是（D）
A网络式结构 B矩阵式结构 C扁平式结构 D直线－职能式结构
24．行政组织的纵向结构亦称（C）
A行政组织部门化 B 管理层次 C 行政组织层级化 D 管理幅度
行政组织的横向结构亦称（A）
A行政组织部门化 B 管理层次 C 行政组织层级化 D 管理幅度
矩阵式组织结构是在（D）的基础上发展起来的一种新型组织结构形式。
A 职能式结构
B 直线式结构
C 扁平式结构
D 直线——职能式结构
将职能部门和项目小组进行组合,以完成某项工作为核心的新型组织结构被称为（C）。
A.直线式结构
B.职能式结构
C.矩阵式结构
D.扁平式结构
D ）
A以外延为主的变革和以内涵为主的变革 B以组织结构的为中心的变革和以人为中心的变革C组织的内部变革和外部变革 D激进式变革和渐进式变革。
29.公共组织将更加关注人的主体性，以人的价值实现为管理的基本目标年，体现了公共组织未来发展的（C）
A 团队化
B 市场化
C 人性化 D开放化
B）趋势发展。
A组织功能分化和重合 B组织结构的扁平化 C管理取向的人性化 D管理机制的市场化
31．以下哪项内容不属于工资？B
A奖金 B福利 C津贴 D补贴
19世纪中叶的（A）。
A．英国 B.美国 C.法国 D.德国
33.标志着美国现代公务员制度诞生的是：（D）
A《官吏任期法》 B 《吏治澄清法》 C《职位分类法》 D《彭德尔顿法》
34.对当代各国政府信息公开制度影响最大的是1966年制定的《信息自由法》产生于（D）
A瑞典 B荷兰 C英国 D美国
35。中国是从（C）开始推行国家公务员制度的。
A．1988年 B. 1985年 C. 1993年 D. 1978年
D）年颁布的。
A，1979年 B。2006年 C、1993年 D，2005年
（C）
A，1988年 B。1993年 C、2006年 D，2008年
编制预算的方式称为（C）
A 基数预算
B 单式预算
C 零基预算
D 复式预算
39．我国在（C）年明确提出了要以初步建立公共财政框架为改革的基本目标。
A，1966 B，1997 C，1998 D，2000
而且要采取一定形式向社会公布，我们将这称为（C）。 A．完整性原则 B．统一性原则 C．公开性原则 D．年度性原则
41.要求政府的预算必须包括政府的全部公共收支项目，体现了国家预算的原则的（A）
A．完整性原则 B．统一性原则 C．公开性原则 D．年度性
收支的经济性质的预算形式是（C）。
A. 基数预算
B. 单位预算
C. 单式预算
D. 复式预算
43.国家预算程序可分为三个阶段，即预算的编制与审批、预算的执行与监督和（C）
A国家核算 B 国家审计 C国家决算 D国家监督
B）两级组成。
A. 主管会计
B. 单位预算会计
C. 三级会计
D. 二级会计
D）
A,检查本级财政部门的财政收入 B，分配财政资金 C，平衡财政收支 D，年总结余资金的审计
A）。
A整合阶段 B 分析阶段 C 建制阶段 D 设计阶段
47.决策支持系统主要支持哪种类型的管理决策活动（C）
A 结构化问题
B 半结构化问题
C 非结构化问题
D 非结构化简单问题
B）
A 1983年
B 1984年
C 1985年
D 1986年
C）
A 2007年4月
B 2008年1月
C 2008年5月
D 2009年1月
1966年制定的《信息自由法》，其产生于（D）
A 瑞典
B 荷兰
C 英国 D美国
C）
A．绩效计划 B. 绩效监控 C. 绩效评估 D. 绩效反馈
52. 在公共绩效评估中将衡量公共服务实现目标的程度，称为（C）
A 经济标准
B 效率标准
C 效果标准
D 责任标准
B）
A 费用指标
B 时效指标 C数量指标 D 质量指标
54．美国于（A）年颁布了《政府绩效与结果法》。
A 1993
B 1997
C 1998
D 2003
A）
A英国 B 美国 C 澳大利亚 D 新西兰
A）
A.20世纪70年代初期
B. 第二次世界大战以前
C. 第二次世界大战以后
D. 20世纪50年代初期
D）
A 经济
B 效率
C 效果
D 用户满意
58.谋取公共利益的最大化，而不应为个人或小团体利益牺牲公众利益，体现公共管理伦理的（A） A公正原则 B 人本原则 C 效率原则 D 服务原则
C）
A 导向功能
B 规范功能
C 营利功能
D 凝聚功能
B）
A 1996年
B 1998年
C 2000年
D 2002年
C）
A．加拿大 B．英国 C．美国 D．德国
62.公共管理伦理强调公共管理者的职业道德，体现了公共管理特质的（）
A广泛性 B伦理性 C 职业性 D组织依存性
c）
A 客体需求回应性
B 制定弹性
C 可量化性
D 行为结果负责性
64.诉讼责任和侵权赔偿责任属于公共管理责任中的（c）
A 行政控制机制 B立法控制机制 C司法控制机制 D都不属于
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