新概念英语第二册第30课
Football:
英国英语：足球
美国英语：橄榄球。全称为American football
Soccer是“足球”（football）的另外一种称法。是为了区别American football（美式橄榄球）和rugby（英式橄榄球）。
所以，足球可以称为：football；soccer
橄榄球的说法有：football；American football；rugby
Polo：原意是“马球”的意思。课文中是水球的简称，水球的全称应该是“water polo”。
1．The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home.
Cut across 抄近穿过，对直通过
Cut做动作是表示“切、割”的意思。你想啊，把公园park切（cut）开来，然后穿过去（across），可不就是“抄近穿过”的意思嘛。
在这句话中，that引导的定语从句修饰a small river，关系代词that在从句中作主语。地点状语near my home修饰the park。
2．I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.
a. love, like, hate, prefer 等词后用动名词作宾语，表示一般倾向或习惯性动作，如用不定式作宾语，指特定或具体某次行为。
e.g. I like swimming of course, but I don’t like to swim today because I don’t feel well.
a. by, beside和near表示“附近”时的区别。（复习第27课核心教程中的内容）
After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire.
这里的by就是“在…旁边”的意思。我们在第18课和21课曾经学过这两个句子：
I had left it on a chair beside the door.
I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.
这两句中的beside和near也同样有“在…旁边”的意思，这里我们来简单区分一下：
a. beside和by都表示at the side of；next to（就在…的旁边）,两者一般可以互换。
He stood beside/by the window.他站在窗口。
b. 而near表示not far from（在…附近，离…不远），但有一段距离。
She lives near the church.她住在教堂附近。
请比较：
We live by/beside the sea.(We can see it.)
我们就住在海边。（我们能看见大海。）
We live near the sea.（Perhaps five kilometers away.）
我们住在离大海不远的地方。（也许距离海边还有5公里。）
所以，由此可以看出：by/beside是贴近的旁边；而near是有一段距离的附近。
c. 来看on fine afternoons的用法：
afternoons：复数形式是指每个（天气晴朗的）下午或是大部分（天气晴朗的）下午。与一般现在时连用，表示经常性发生的行为。
我们第二课就说过：I never get up early on Sundays.
On Sundays的用法和这里就是一样的。
Afternoon前面有修饰词，所以使用了介词on。而一般情况下，我们使用in。比如：
In the afternoon；in the morning；in the evening；还学过at noon（在正午），另外还有个“午夜前后”我们学过是“in the middle of the night
”。
3. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
在非正式英语中，在come, go, run, hurry up, stay, stop等动词之后，可以用and代替表示目的的动词不定式，也就是用and来代替了to。
课文中原来的句子可以是：It was warm last Sunday, so I went to sit on the river bank as usual.
再来看两个应用：
Come and have a drink = Come to have a drink.
We ought to stop and think. = We ought to stop to think.
As usual表示“象往常一样”。
4. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.
“there is/are +名词+分词”的结构可以用来代替“名词+is/are+分词”的结构。分词可以是现在分词和过去分词。
There are a lot of people waiting at the bus-stop.=A lot of people are waiting at the bus-stop.
Row v. 划船
用来划船的桨就是oar
5. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat.
Lesson 30 Football or Polo?
a. Kick v. 踢
在表示懊悔或懊恼之情时，你不妨踢你自己一脚 (kick yourself) J
e.g. I got all the questions right at first, and then I decided to go back and make some changes. Guess what? I ended up getting five booboos (mistakes). I'm kicking myself for that.
我起先全部答对了。后来决定又跑回去改了一下。你猜怎么样了? 我结果错了五题。我怪死自己了。
Kickoff ：n.（足球）开始比赛
e.g. Kickoff is at 3:00. 比赛3点开始。
b. towards
towards是英国英语的拼写，美语拼写是toward。Towards是个介词，表示“朝…方向”的意思。（in the direction of…）
c. go在此处不是指人“走”，而是指球“行进”。
d. passing为现在分词，用作定语。现在分词总是能够体现一种进行时态，比如这里a passing boat可以理解为“（正在）经过的小船”、“（正好）划过的小船”。再来看看另外一个我们已经学过的句子：
I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.（Lesson 21）
6. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them.
call out表示“大声呼叫”、“叫喊”。比 call语气要重。比如：
I heard someone calling out for help.我听到有人大声叫救命。
call的常用词组的复习:
call sb. names——骂人，说脏话
call on sb. 和 call at sth.——拜访
call it a day——结束工作、学习
call sb. up=call 打电话
7．The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.
So+形容词或者副词＋that（后面必须跟一个完整的句子），这种结构表示“如此…以至于…”。比如：
It was so cold that we had to put off the game. （这里so后面的cold是形容词）
He ran so quickly that no one could catch up with him.（这里so后面的quickly是副词）
Fall into表示“
落入、跌入”的意思。
8 I turned to look at the children, but there weren’t any in sight: they had all run away.
这里的turn是表示“转过身来、转过头来”的意思。刚刚我们讲过，这里的“I turned to look at…”可以写为“I turned and looked at”。
Any=any children
Sight n. 眼界、视域
Eyesight 视力
Short-sighted 近视的
In sight的意思是“看得见的”，其反义词为：out of sight, 我们所说的 “眼不见为净” 就是out of sight, out of mind.
In sight＝visible 使用时相当于形容词。比如：
No bus is in sight.
另外，还有come into sight的说法，意思是appear（出现）的意思：
I waited a whole hour before a bus finally came into sight.我等了整整一个小时，汽车才出现的。
摘要写作
Lesson 30 Football or polo
The writer sat by the river last Sunday. Some children were playing games nearby. One of the children kicked a ball hard and it went towards a passing boat. The man in the boat neither saw the ball nor heard people shouting. The ball hit the man and the children ran away. However, the man was not angry and he threw the ball back to the bank. (67 words)
答案
Lesson 30
1．关键句型练习答案
C 1 Yes, I took some (photographs). No, I didn't take any (photographs).
2 Yes, I bought some (bread). No, I didn't buy any (bread).
3 Yes, I saw some (people). No, I didn't see any (people).
D 1 Refrigerators are necessary in hot countries.
2 Which river is the longest, the Nile, the Amazon, or the Mississippi?
3 Heyerdahl crossed the Pacific on a raft.
4 Why is Britain sometimes called the United Kingdom?
5 We sailed up the Red Sea and then went through the Suez Canal.
2．多项选择题答案及详解
1. a 根据课文第2行I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons, 只有a. likes
sitting on the bank of the river when it’s fine
最符合课文的实际情况，其他3个选择都不是课文所提及的情况。
2. a 根据课文第6-7行Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat,
but he did not hear them 可以看出，只有a. some people tried to warn the man
about the ball(一些人设法提醒这个人注意球)是真实的，其他3个选择都与课文的实际内容不符。
3. d 在河流的名字前面应该加定冠词,本句中的Wayle 是河流的名字,因此只有d. the Wayle 最正确,而其他3个选择都不对.
4. a 前一句中的介词across 是“横越”“从一边到另一边”的意思，要选出同它意思相近的词，才能同前面句子意义相同。
b. over(越过)，c. round(环绕，绕过)与d. along(沿着)这3个词都不够恰当，只有a.
through(穿过，从一边进另一边出)同across 含义相同
5. b 只有b. hard(用力地)符合题目意思.
a. hardly(几乎不)不符合题目意思.
c. hardy(强壮的)意思不对,是形
容词,不能修饰动词.
d. hardily 是副词,有"大胆地,刚毅地"意思.
6. c 只有选c. in the direction(朝着……的方向)才能同前一句The ball went towards a passing
boat(球向着一只划过来的船飞去)的意思相符。a. forwards(adv.向前方)词义不对，b.
forward(adj.向前的，在前部)也不合乎题目的意思， d. in direction 不合乎语法。
7. c 只有选c. couldn’t be seen 才能同前一句There weren’t any in
sight(一个也看不见)的含义相符。 a. couldn’t see
是主动语态，不合乎题目意思，因为本句强调“被看见”应该用被动语态；b. hadn’t seen 语态，时态都不正确；d. weren’t
seen(没有被看见)是过去式，表示一种事实。 本句强调他们“能否”被看见，而不是强调没被看见这一事实。
8. c 前一句中的rowing 是“划船”的意思，只有c. oars(船桨)是划船用的。 a. rows(行，争吵)， b.
sticks(手杖，拐杖)，d. rudder(船或飞机的舵)都不是划船用的。
9. d a. cried(喊叫)不合乎语法,不能直接跟宾语; b. cried with 表示喊叫的原因; c. cried
for(为……喊)也不对，只有cried to (向……喊)最合乎语法。
10. a 只有a. hear(听到)词意思正确。b. listen to(听)强调动作，而不强调结果；c.
mind(介意，照料)不合乎题目意思；d. take care of(照看)也不合乎题目意思。
11. d a. knocked at (敲)；
b. beat(打，敲，表示连续性地做)；
c. bounced(指球跳起，弹回)；
这3个词的意思都不够贴切。
只有d. hit(打，击打)的词意思最符合题目意思。
12. d 只有d. disappeared(消失)是前半句中的run away 的结果。