英语自考本科高级英语笔记-上册-Lesson_Ten
自考高级英语Lesson Ten The Tenth Man
make yourself useful. 既然你在这里，你还是可以派上用场的。
pick at：v. 用指尖拉, 少量地吃, 舔
He thrust his hand into the shoe and made careful excavations as though he had one
chest. 他胸口觉得喘不过气来。 constrict v. make narrower ,smaller or tighter 压缩，
使收缩，紧迫 Your point of view seems very constricted
to me. 我觉得你的观点太狭窄了。
And a sense of grievance nagged at his mind when the tenth man had drawn。
she has just graduated from school . 她刚刚从学校毕业，教书还缺乏经验。
making his first entry
making his first entry …… 第一次进入
make a triumphant entry 凯旋进入
(triumphant [traɪ‘ʌmfənt]成功的；得意洋洋的 )
abrupt 和sudden区别如下： abrupt 常指令人不快的改变或行为 sudden出乎 意料地突然
abrupt adj. 突然的，意外的；无理的，唐突的；不连贯 的；陡峭的 例句： Cross was a little taken aback by her abrupt manner. 她鲁莽的态度让克罗斯感到有点吃惊。
《高英(上)》 课文要点
自考《高级英语（上）》课文要点Lesson One: Rock Superstars: what Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society? Outline:Part I: IntroductionA.Three Scenes (par. 1-3)B. A question (par. 4)* What is the function of the two quotations at the beginning of the text?The function of the two quotations at the beginning of the text is to summarize and introduce the theme of the text, and as such they serve as a guide for the reader in interpreting and understanding the message the rock music tries to communicate.* What does the author attempt to illustrate with the three examples at the beginning of the article?The three scenarios are used by the author to dramatize and illustrate the sensation that rock music has created in young people.Part II: Rock tells a lot about ourselves and our society. (thesis) (par. 5)A. (par.6) Rock is a sociological expression.1. (par. 7-8) Beliefs and attitudes2. (par. 9) FeelingsB. (par. 10) Conclusion to Part II* According to Irving Horowitz, what is the sociological significance of rock music?The sociological significance of rock music is that it had offered a sort of debating forum where different ideas conflict and where American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs.* What subjects does rock music deal with?Politics (beliefs and attitudes): civil rights, peace and war, piety, revolution, etc.Feelings and emotions: loneliness, love and hate, a nostalgia for the “good old days”, etc.Part III: Final ParagraphsA.(par. 11-12) We give them fame and fortune.B.(par. 13) The question remains.Lesson Two: Four Choice for Young PeopleOutlinePart I: Introduction—the young generation views the adult world with great skepticism. (par. 1-2) * How do American young people look at the adult world in general?They look at the adult world with great skepticism and there is also an increased tendency to reject completely the adult world.Part II: Four choices for young peopleA.Choosing a strategy is the first decision the young people have to make. (par.3)B.The four choices1.(par. 4) Drop out: parasitic2.(par. 5-6) Flee: impractical3.(par.7-10) Plot a revolution: fruitless4.(par.11-13) Change the world gradually: workable*What is the meaning and what are the characteristics of each strategy?*In what way are those who flee different from the dropouts?Part III: Conclusion---restatement (par.14)Lesson Five: I’d rather Be Black than FemaleOutlinePart I: Being female is a greater handicap than being black. (par.1)A.Sexual prejudice is invisible to people. (par.2)B.It’s much harder to eliminate sexual prejudice than racial prejudice. (par.3-4)* Why does the author say it is a still harder and longer struggle to eliminate prejudice against women?Part II: Sexual prejudice in politics (my experience)A.My experience in politics in general (par.5)B.Women in politics in general (par.6)C.My experience in politics in specific1.Run for state legislature (par.7)2.Run for national legislaturea.Resistance from inside (par. 8)b.Resistance from outside (par. 9)*In what way are women prejudiced against in politics?Part III: Sexual Prejudice in generalA.Women are thought of as different and inferior. (par. 10)B.Women have not reached tokenism. (par.11)C.An emphatic Question (par. 12)*In what way are women prejudiced against in general?Part IV: Women’s contribution is needed in politics.A.People ignore women’s contribution.1.What I heard (par. 13)2.What I experienced (par. 15)B.Women have a lot to do in politics. (par.15)C.Women have a special contribution to make in politics. (Conclusion) (par. 16-17)* What are some of the problems the author is determined to help to solve?* What fine qualities do women have that men don’t have?Lesson Seven: Miss Brill1 what kind of person is Miss Brill?She lives alone in foreign country and has to secure her means of existence by taking such odd jobs as giving English lessons, as a paid companion, etc. She seems well-to-do but feels lonely and estranged from the community. Also, she is approaching old age and years of spinsterhood have left her sensitive self-conscious and easily hurt. All this has tended to wall her in and torment her with a sense of emptiness and being uprooted.2. Why does she go to the par every Sunday afternoon?The trip gives her a chance to break out of wall of isolation and establish contact with society. She hopes to endow her life with meaning.3. What does she do in the park?She simply watches people around her and listen to other’s conversations.4. What has she discovered that makes her so happy?She suddenly discovers that life is like a play and every human being has a part to play in it: like all the others, she belongs after all to this performance of human life and has acted her well and will never be isolated or estranged again. She feels that meaning, hope and confidence are coming back to her.5. Why is her own room like a cupboard, too, after she gets back home?6. What is the symbolic meaning of her fur?7. What message does the author want to convey to the reader?Also notice the function of the band, and the repetition of “sadness”.Lesson Eight: A lesson in Living“A lesson in Living” tells how Mrs. Flowers gave Marguerite the first lesson in living, telling her she must always be intolerant of ignorance but understanding of illiteracy. Mrs. Flowers enlightened her by giving her the novel and book of poems to read. The poetic reading of A Tale of Two Cities, the advice she gave her, the human warmth and care she felt from her, and the charm of everything working on her and in her house, opened a new perspective in Marguerite’s life.1.How did Mrs. Flowers give Marguerite her lesson in living?2.How was Mrs. Flowers a source of enlightenment to Marguerite?3. What was the image of Mrs. Flowers in the child’s mind?Lesson Nine: The Trouble with TelevisionOutlinePart I: Introduction---People spend much time on TV (phenomenon) (par. 1-2)Part II: TV discourages concentration (main idea) (par. 3)’s variety is a narcotic, usurping your ability to focus your attention yourself. (par.4) operates on the appeal to the short attention span (motive) (par.5)1.Regarded as inherent (par.6)2.Becoming fashionable (par.7)*In what way does TV discourage concentration?*Why is the appeal to the short attention span so important to TV?Part III: Adverse effects on American cultureA.Inefficient communication (par.8)B.Decivilizing (par.9)1.Crisis of literacy (par.10-11)plexity (par.12)*What does the author think is wrong with TV news programming?*Why does the author sat TV is decivilizing?*What are TV’s adverse effects on American culture?Part IV: ConclusionA.Rhetorical questions (par.13)B.Significance of the issue (par. 14)Lesson Eleven: On Getting Off the SleepThe author ridicules people who, with “iron will”, can lie down and fall into slumber in a matter of a few minutes. He thinks there is something inhuman in it. He categorizes himself into the group of men full of human sympathy and depth in feelings and thought and good tastes. In this essay, insomnia becomes a praiseworthy agony inherent in an active and intellectual; mind.1.How does the matter of sleep illustrate the contrariness of things?2.What does the author think about the people with “iron wills”?(Does the author think it natural for a person to fall asleep as soon as his head touches the pillow?)3.What seems to be the best way to get off to sleep according to the author?Lesson Twelve: Why I WriteOutlinePart I: Background information (par. 1-4)Part II: Four motives*What are four great motives for writing? Explain briefly.Part III: Points of view (theory) (par. 10-14)*What was Orwell’s political stand? And what was the political and social environment that shaped his political orientation?*What kind of books did Orwell want to write? (His theory)Part IV: Conclusion (par.15)Lesson Thirteen: WorkOutlinePart I: Advantages of workA. A preventive of boredom (par.1-2)B. An outlet for ambition (par. 3)C. Conclusion and transition (par. 4)* What are the advantaged of work? Explain.Part II: Two elements make work interesting. (par. 5)A.Exercise of skill (par. 6)B.Conclusion (par.7)* What kind of skilled work can offer continuous pleasure to the worker?* What is the most powerful motive for work? Explain.*How does the author define construction and destruction?*What elements make work interesting? Explain.Lesson Fifteen: The Beauty IndustryOutlinePart I: Cult of physical beauty in America and Europe (phenomenon)A.In America, popularity of cosmetics (par.1)B.In Europe, increasing popularity of cosmetics (par. 2.)Part II: ReasonsA.Increased living standard (par.3)B.Changed in the status of women and our attitude (par.4-5)*Why is there an enormous increase in the personal appearance business in Europe and America as well?* Is the diffusion of wealth the only cause for the increase? Why (not)?*What are the changes in people’s attitude towards the physical body?Part III: Results---both a success and a failure (par. 6)A.Success: a) keeping the youthful appearance; b) symptoms of health (par.7)B.Failure1.Human beauty is not skin-deep. (standard) (par. 8)2.Psychological ugliness (par.9)3.Hardness (par.10)4.Fundamentally a failure because it doesn’t touch the deepest source of beauty.(conclusion)(par.11)*In what way does the author regard the modern cult of beauty a success?* According to the author, is human beauty skin deep? Why (not)?*Why, according to the author, does the modern cult of beauty remain fundamentally a failure?*What is “hardness”? And what are the causes of hardness?。
自考基础英语上册重点笔记：第10课
自考基础英语上册重点笔记：第10课Lesson Ten Going to Work in New York重点词汇及短语on time准时、按时，in time及时hold on to抓住、抓牢。
weather指“具体的天气”，climate指“总的气候情况”。
shopping n．购物。
every few minutes每隔几分钟shortly afterwards不久以后rush through the tunnel匆匆地穿过隧道push one’s way through the crowd从人群中挤过去a dozen eggs 一打鸡蛋ride the subway乘地铁，与ride搭配的词有：ride a plane乘飞机，ride a horse骑马，ride a bike骑车重点语段解析(1) At that hour of the morning, a train came into the station every few minutes．早晨的那—个小时，每几分钟就有一列火车进站。
every few minutes每隔几分钟，every在此处讲“每隔……”讲。
还要注意不能用a few代替few，every常与基数词、序数词、other和few连用，表示重现或时间空间的间隔。
例句：I go to the supermarket every other day．我每隔一天去一次超市。
(2) As he read, Mr Becker looked up occasionally to greet someone he knew．贝克先生在看报时偶尔抬起头跟认识的人打声招呼。
①look up昂首看。
例句He looked up and nodded to me，他抬起头，向我点了点头。
②occasionally adv.偶尔地。
例句：He occasionally sees a film．他偶尔看场电影。
《高级英语》课文逐句翻译（10）
第⼗个⼈ Lesson Ten The Tenth Man 就在第⼆天下午3点（闹钟上的时间），⼀个军官⾛进了牢房。
这是他们⼏星期以来见到的第⼀位军官。
他⾮常年轻，甚⾄⼩胡⼦的形状也显⽰出他不够⽼练，左边的胡⼦剃得重了点。
It was at three the next afternoon （alarm clock time） that an officer entered the cell； the first officer they had seen for weeks – and this one was very young， with inexperience even in the shape of his mustache which he had shaved too much on the left side. 他就像⼀个初次登台领奖的⼩学⽣⼀样窘迫不安，他说起话来粗鲁⽆礼，似乎要显⽰⼀种他并不具备的⼒量。
He was as embarrassed as a schoolboy making his first entry on a stage at a prize-giving， and he spoke abruptly so as to give the impression of a strength he did not possess. 他说道：“昨天夜间城⾥发⽣了⼏起谋杀，⼀名军事长官的副⼿、⼀位中⼠和⼀个骑⾃⾏车的⼥孩被杀。
”他⼜说道：“我们不在乎⼥孩的死。
法国男⼈杀死法国⼥⼈不关我们的事。
” He said， “There were murders last night in the town. The aide-de-camp of the military governor， a sergeant and a girl on a bicycle.” He added， “We don't complain about the girl. Frenchmen have our permission to kill Frenchwomen.” 很明显他事先仔细斟酌了他的讲话，但他的嘲弄做过了头，他的表演也很业余。
高级英语第一册 第十课 词汇、课后练习及答案
第十课 The Trial that Rocked the World目录一、词汇(V ocabulary)--------------------------------------------------------------------------1二、课文解释------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5三、补充练习及答案--------------------------------------------------------------------------22一、词汇(Vocabulary)sweltering ( adj.): that swelters or suffers from the heat；very hot；sultry热得发昏的；酷热----------------------------------------------------------------------------------counsel ( n.): a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court辩护律师；法律顾问；辩护人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------silver-tongued ( adj.): eloquent；persuasive雄辩的；口才流利的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------orator ( n.): a skilled，eloquent public speaker雄辩家----------------------------------------------------------------------------------jury ( n.): a group of people sworn to hear the evidence and inquire into the facts in a law case，and to give decision in accordance with their findings陪审团----------------------------------------------------------------------------------erupt ( v．): burst forth or out，as from some restraint进发；爆发；喷出----------------------------------------------------------------------------------clash ( n.): a sharp disagreement；conflict抵触；冲突；意见不一致；对立----------------------------------------------------------------------------------fundamentalism ( n.): religious beliefs based on a literal interpretation of everything in the Bible and regarded as fundamental to Christian faith and morals原教旨主义(相信《圣经》所记载的传统的基督教信仰，反对较为近代的教义)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------legislature ( n.): a body of persons given the responsibility and power to make laws for a country or state(esp. the lawmaking body of a state，corresponding to the U．S．Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------prohibit ( v．): refuse to permit；forbid by law or by an order禁止；不准----------------------------------------------------------------------------------legality ( n.) : quality，condition，or instance of being legal or lawful；conformity with the law 合法性----------------------------------------------------------------------------------indict ( v．) : accuse；charge with the commission of a cime; esp. make formal accusation against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury控告，控诉；指控，告发，对……起诉----------------------------------------------------------------------------------prosecute (v．) : institute legal proceedings against，or conduct criminal proceedings in court against对……起诉----------------------------------------------------------------------------------festoon ( v．) : adorn or hang with festoons饰以(或悬挂)花彩，结彩于----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sprout (v．) : grow or develop rapidly迅速生长，迅速发展----------------------------------------------------------------------------------rickety ( adj.) : 1iable to fall or break down because weak；shaky易倒的；易垮的；不结实的；不稳固的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------evangelist ( n.) : anyone who evangelizes(esp. a traveling preacher or a revivalist)福音传教士(尤指巡回说教者或信仰复兴者)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------exhort ( v．) : urge earnestly by advice，warning，etc．规劝，劝告，劝戒----------------------------------------------------------------------------------infidel ( n.) : a person who holds no religious belief无宗教信仰者，不信宗教者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------florid ( adj. ) : flushed with red or pink(said of the complexion)(脸色)红润的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------paunchy ( adj. ) : [derog. or humor](esp. of a man)having a fat stomach[贬或幽](尤指男性)大腹便便的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------attorney ( n.) : any person legally empowered to act as agent for. or in behalf of，another(esp. a lawyer) (被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------shrewd ( adj.) : keen—witted，clever，astute or sharp in practical affairs机敏的；精明的；伶俐的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------magnetic ( adj.) : powerfully attractive(said of a person，personality，etc．)有吸引力的；有魅力的(指人或个性等)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------steep ( v．) : immense，saturate，absorb，or imbue(esp. used as steeped锄：thoroughly filled or familiar with)沉浸；埋头于(尤用作steeped in充满着；沉湎于；精通)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------agnostic ( n.) : a person who believes that the human mind cannot know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause，or anything beyond material phenomena；atheist不可知论者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------growl (v．) : complain in an angry or surly manner牢骚满腹地说----------------------------------------------------------------------------------spar ( v. ) : wrangle or dispute争论；争吵----------------------------------------------------------------------------------drawl ( v．) : speak slowly，prolonging the vowels慢慢吞吞地说----------------------------------------------------------------------------------bigotry ( n.) : the behavior，attitude，or beliefs of a bigot：intolerance；prejudice偏执的行为(或态度、信念等)；偏执；顽固；偏见----------------------------------------------------------------------------------rampant ( adj. ) : spreading unchecked；widespread蔓延的；猖獗的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------faggot ( n.) : a bundle of sticks，twigs，or branches(esp. for use as fuel)柴捆；柴把----------------------------------------------------------------------------------contaminate ( v．) : make impure，infected，corrupt，etc．使感染，传染，毒害----------------------------------------------------------------------------------mammal ( n.) : any of a large class of warm—blooded. usually hairy vertebrates whose off springs are fed with milk secreted by female mammary glands哺乳动物----------------------------------------------------------------------------------snort ( v．) : wave，shake. or exhibit in a menacing, challenging，or exultant way(威胁地、挑战似地、狂喜地)挥舞----------------------------------------------------------------------------------denounce ( v．) : condemn strongly as evil谴责，指责，痛斥----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sonorous ( adj. ) : having a powerful，impressive sound(声音)响亮的；洪亮的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------reconcile ( adj. ) : settle(a quarrel，etc．)or compose(a difference，etc．)调解；调和；使一致；使相符----------------------------------------------------------------------------------divine ( adj. ) : given or inspired by God；holy；sacred神授的，天赐的；神圣的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------fervour ( n.) : great warmth of emotion；ardor；zeal；passion热烈；热情，热心，热诚----------------------------------------------------------------------------------arena ( n.) : any sphere of struggle or conflict竞争场所；活动场所----------------------------------------------------------------------------------prairie ( n.) : a large area of level or slightly rolling grassland大草原----------------------------------------------------------------------------------scorch (v．) : char，discolor，or damage the surface of sth. by superficial burning；burn；make a caustic attack on；assail scathingly；excoriate烧焦；烤焦；挖苦；严厉指责(或批评)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pop ( v．) : [colloq．]arise；happen or arrive unexpectedly[口]突然发生，突然出现，突然来到----------------------------------------------------------------------------------duel ( n.) : any contest or encounter suggesting such a fight，usually between two persons(常指两人间的)争斗，冲突，斗争----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hush ( n.) : absence of noise；quiet；silence寂静，平静，安静；默不作声，沉默----------------------------------------------------------------------------------adjourn ( v. ) : close a session or meeting for the day or for a time休会，闭会；延期----------------------------------------------------------------------------------swarm (v．) : be filled or crowded；teem(with)充满，被挤满(常与with连用)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hawker ( n.) : a person who hawks goods in the street；peddle；huckster(沿街叫卖的)小贩----------------------------------------------------------------------------------entrepreneur ( n.) : [Fr．]a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking．assumingthe risk for the sake of the profit[法语]企业家----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ape ( n.) : any of a family(Pongidae)of large，tailless monkeys that can stand and walk in an almost erect position猿----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ponder ( v．) : weigh mentally；think deeply about；consider carefully默想；深思；考虑----------------------------------------------------------------------------------cower ( v．) : shrink and tremble，as from someone's anger，threats，or blow(因别人发怒、威胁或打击而)畏缩；发抖，哆嗦----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sulphurous ( adj.) : violently emotional；heated；fiery异常激动的；激烈的；暴怒的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------dispatch ( n.) : a news story sent to a newspaper，radio station，etc．，as by a special reporter or news agency(特派记者或新闻社发给报社、电台的)(新闻)电讯，电文，通讯----------------------------------------------------------------------------------yokel ( n.) : [a contemptuous term]a person living in a rural area；rustic；country bumpkin[贬]乡巴佬，土包子----------------------------------------------------------------------------------perch ( v．) : alight or rest on or as on a perch栖息；停歇；坐在高处----------------------------------------------------------------------------------gawk ( v．) : stare like a gawk，in a stupid way(像呆子般)呆呆地盯着，呆视----------------------------------------------------------------------------------wily ( adj.) : full of wiles；crafty；sly狡猾的；狡诈的；诡计多端的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------repel ( v．) : drive or force back；hold or ward off击退；抵挡住----------------------------------------------------------------------------------fervent ( adj.) : having or showing great warmth of feeling；intensely devoted or earnest；ardent；passionate热烈的，满怀热情的，热心的，深表热诚的；强烈的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Genesis ( n.) : the first book of the Bible，giving an account of the creation of the universe《创世纪》(《圣经·旧约》的首卷)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------snigger ( n.) : a sly，derisive，partly stifled laugh窃笑；暗笑----------------------------------------------------------------------------------twirl (v．) : rotate rapidly；spin(使)快速旋转，(使)迅速转动----------------------------------------------------------------------------------serpent ( n.) : a snake，esp. a large or poisonous one蛇(尤指大蛇或毒蛇)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------livid ( adj.) : grayish—blue；pale；lead—colored青灰色的；铅色的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------slur ( n.) : any remark or action that harms or is meant to harm someone's reputation；aspersion，reproach，stigma，etc．诽谤；污辱；诋毁，中伤，破坏……的名誉----------------------------------------------------------------------------------gavel ( n.) : a small mallet rapped on the table by a presiding officer in calling for attention orsilence or by an auctioneer(会议主席、法官或拍卖商用以敲击桌子的)小木槌，议事槌----------------------------------------------------------------------------------quell ( v．) : crush；subdue；put an end to镇压；平息----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hubbub ( n.) : a confused sound of many voices；noise；uproar；tumult吵闹声，喧哗，喧嚣；鼎沸；骚动----------------------------------------------------------------------------------forlorn (adj.) : abandoned or deserted被抛弃的；被遗弃的；孤独的，寂寞的／forlornly adv．----------------------------------------------------------------------------------verdict ( n.) : the formal and unanimous finding of a jury on the matter submitted to them in a trial 裁定；判决----------------------------------------------------------------------------------conviction ( n.) : a convicting 0r being convicted证明有罪；(被)判罪；定罪----------------------------------------------------------------------------------短语(Expressions)adhere to : continue to obey or maintain(esp，a rule，standard or belief)坚持，忠于例：She adheres to her principles throughout her teaching career. 她在整个教学生涯中始终坚持自己的原则。
自考英语（一）课堂笔记完整版（2）
Unit1 4. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice， and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner. 注意句中hundreds of hours的⽤法，阅读课本第六页注解2. 请翻译下⾯的词组： 1）⼗个学⽣ ten students 数⼗个学⽣ tens of students 2）五百年 five hundred years 数百年 hundreds of years 3）两千年 two thousand years 数千年 thousands of years 4）三百万美元 three million dollars 数百万美元 millions of dollars 5. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. 句中be different from 意为“与…不同”，如：My opinion is different from yours.（我的观点与你的观点不同。
） 请注意下⾯三个句⼦中所⽤的词组： Man is different from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language. Man differs from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language. The greatest difference between man and all the other animals is his ability to learn and use a language. 从上⾯的句⼦中可以看出differ是动词，different 是形容词，difference是名词。
2013大学生高级英语复习笔记(奉献版)
高级英语复习笔记及讲解9Lesson TenThe Tenth Man1. making his first entry …… 第一次进入。
另如：make a triumpohant entry 凯旋进入；have free entry 可以自由进入。
2. abrupt ： subben or unexpected 突然。
如：an abrupt departure 突然离开。
3. sullen ： showing irritation or anger by a gloomy silence 愠怒的。
4. indifferent ： without interest or concern 漠不关心，不在乎。
如： He seems indifferent to worldly success . 他似乎不在乎名利。
5. draw or cast lots ： to settle a question by the use of lots 抽签。
6. be bound to do sth.bound ： certain ， sure 肯定。
如：We are bound to secceed . 我们肯定会成功。
7. refasten ： re + fastenfasten ： to attach firmly or securely in place or to something else 系牢，牢牢固定，绑住。
如：Please fasten your seat belt . 请系牢你的安全带。
fasten a boat to the quay 把船系于码头。
8. may as well ： used to express an opinion about a reason for doing or not doing the action of the given verb 还是做……的好；不妨……如：If that‘s the case ， you may as well have a try .如果情况果真如此，你不妨试试看。
高级英语第一册_Unit10
enlightenment and culture to the human mind. (Para. 14)
要不了多久，社会上便会是一种人与人为仇，教派与教派为敌的局面， 直到我们的社会大踏步地退回到十六世纪那光辉的年代，那时如果有谁 胆敢给人类带来智慧、知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴 堆活活烧死。”
震撼世界的审判
The Trial That Rocked the World
14 of 13
Metonymy
转
喻
1....tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers... (Para14) 2.The Christian believes that man came from above. ...(Para20) 3.The Old count’s floor might collapse under the weight (Para29)
震撼世界的审判
The Trial That Rocked the World
10 of 13
Irony 反语
After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until
we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century when
6 of 13
Oxymoron 矛盾修饰
adj. + n.
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Lesson Ten The Tenth Man Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1this one was very young, with inexperience even in the shape of his mustache…他非常年轻，从他胡子的形状看，他很缺乏经验。
2…but the irony was overdone and the delivery that of an amateur actor.但冷嘲做过了头，他说话的方式就像一个业余演员。
"delivery" means the way of speaking or performing in public."amateur" used as an adjective here means "poor, not good".It means the delivery was the kind of an amateur actor.3The whold scene was as unreal as a charade.整个场面就像看手势猜字谜游戏那样虚假。
charade here has a double meaning: a piece of ridiculous pretence or absurd behaviour, and a game in which a one person acts the meaning of a word or phrase and the others have to guess what it is.4Well, now you've to pay the hotel bill.The speaker is trying to be humourous. It means they have to pay with their lives for the stay in the cell.5This was just a line in his charade he couldn't sacrifice.这是他矫饰时不能省略的一句话。
6The funeral rites will begin at seven tomorrow morning.死刑将在明天早上七点执行。
7Charvel wondered for a moment what syllable had been acted…查维尔忽然很想知道他打的手势是什么字。
8Unless it is thought that we should go by ages - the oldest first.除非按年龄决定，最老的先去死。
To go by means to act according to9It's the way of nature.这是自然规律。
10Why should the married get off?为什么结婚的人就可以躲避惩罚呢？to get off means to avoid punishment, misfortune, loss, etc.11…as the owner of time he was bound to be the next victim.…as the owner of the watch he was bound to be the next victim to be shot because many watch owner in the cell had been shot, their watches looted by the Germans.be bound to: certain to, obliged to 一定，必须They are bound to take their son to the park every weekend.12This isn't the last draw we shall have…这并不是我们最后一次抽签，即以后德国人还会要我们自己决定下一批谁该去死。
13Picture to yourselves what it will be like in this cell if we have a privileged class - the ones who are left to the end.你们自己想想，如果我们有一个特权阶级－由于种种原因没被选去枪毙而活到最后的人，这个牢房里将会怎样？a privileged class refers to those people who, because of various reasons, enjoyed the privilege of not being chosen to beshot dead, and would therefor remain alive till the end.14We shall be left out of your fear…You don't have to worry.你们不必担心。
We shall be left out of your fear that we are the privileged class.15But if the taxes were levied like this…The implied meaning is it would be most outrageous and unfair if the taxes were levied like this.16and make careful excavations as though he had one particular scrap of paper in mind.他用手在鞋子里小心地掏，就像是要掏到他心里想要的那张。
17This is it.就这张了。
When you say "This is it." you mean that something you expected to happen actually happens, or that you have reached an important point in a situation.18He sat down and felt for a cigarette.他坐下开始找烟。
He sat down and began to search for a cigarette with the fingers without looking.19The chances had suddenly grown in his favour from ten to one to fourteen to one抽中死签的可能性突然变得对他有利，从十比一变成了十四比一。
in somebody's favor: to the advantage of somebody 对…有利The new exchange rate is in our country's favor.20…any mark of pleasure was taboo…Any expression of pleasure must be avoided, because the first man had drawn one of the marked lots.任何高兴的表示都要避免。
21…one couldn't mock the condemned man by any sign of relief.没有人用得到宽慰的表示来使将要被枪毙的人失望。
A condemned man is one who is going to be punished by death.22Again a dull disquiet extended its empire over Chavel's chest.查维尔心中充满了一种隐隐约约的不安。
23…he said with a thin undecied smile.他带着淡淡的，犹豫不决的微笑说undecied, because he couldn't decide whether he should smil or not.24He only wanted someone to make a move and break up the table.他只希望有人能采取行动来结束这场游戏。
Here "table" is used to indicate the game. "breadk up the table" means "end the game".25 a scrap of writinga small piece of writing26From that point the odds seemed to move toward Chavel with a dreadful inevitability.从那时开始，死签对于查维尔来说越来越可怕，越来越不可避免。
The odds against him seemed to move toward Chavel with a dreadful, inevitable consequence of drawing the death lot.27They were like a pointing finger.They (refering to odds) were pointing at him as if to indicate that he was going to be the next victim.他们好像用手指着他，说他就是下一个牺牲者。
28…they seemed to Chavel to have some inner information - to know that he was the one.在查维尔看来，他们好像都有内部消息，知道他就是抽死签的人。
"that he was the one" means " he was the one to draw the third slip of paper marked with a cross".29that this one had been willed on him by his companions…这个签是他的同伴的意志强加给他的。