2016年中考英语写作试题分析

一、成绩分布状况、效度与难度分析

2016年固原市中考英语写作最高分15分，最低分0分，平均分7.17，标准差3.97 难度系数0.48。全体评分曲线图如下所示：

从图中可以看出，考生成绩呈常态分布，6至12分段考生所占比例较大，但同时也反映出写作能力较差的学生占据很大比重，0至5分占比例较大，其中零分作文占8.64%，因此，我市初中学生英语写作能力有待进一步提高。

从命题角度看，要求考生写一篇人物说明文，考察学生语言实用能力。内容要点包括身份，事件，家庭情况，性格，爱好，他人评价，事件理由等。内容兼具规范性与开放性双重特点，考生可根据每个要点展开想象，适当拓展，字数要求60至120，考生在写作篇幅上有较大的伸展空间，得分梯度明显。从命题意向到考生得分来看，作文命题目的与实际考察结果相符，试题效度较高。

二、考生典型问题分析

（一）识记类问题

识记类问题集中反映在考生对基础词汇的拼写不够准确，含义模糊，表现为词不达意，模棱两可，词性混乱；考生对固定搭配，固定句式记忆不够准确，导致整个文章表意混乱，影响读者对文章的理解。具体表现为：

1.拼写错误

如将spirit拼写为sprite,将always 拼写为alway,将America拼写为Amercia,将China拼写为Chine,将Chinese拼写为Chinses, 将vacation拼写为vication,将beautiful拼写为beautfull,将mother拼写为monther,将because拼写为because,将USA拼写为UK等。

2.用词不当

如①I am very like him.②He is very miss me.③He is very shyness.④Sometimes, his help my questions.⑤He knows thanksgiving others.⑥Teacher speak Bill very carefully.⑦He popular my live.⑨He’s from American.

3.固定搭配错误

固定搭配中的介词与冠词应用较为灵活，并无规律可循，因此考生在应用过程中出现错误的几率较高，如①He spend many free time to play computer games.②the reason of he comes to my hometown is that he thinks Ningxia is very beautiful.③He will go trip in Ningxia.④He will come Ningxia.⑤He is going to Ningxia on trip at holiday.⑥He is good at learn math.⑦You can make friend with he easily.⑧In the word, Bill is a good boy.

4.固定句式错误

英语中有大量的固定句式结构，能恰当应用固定句式结构是衡量学生写作能力的主要依据，但误用或错用往往会导致相反的结果。如很多考生出现①There have three people in his family.②He spends his spare time to play computer games.③He always helps classmates as for as he can.

（二）结构类错误

英语是一门形式逻辑很强的语言，这也是英语与汉语的最大区别。如名词的单复数、可数与不可数、抽象与具体转化；动词的时态、语态、语气变化，动词的及物与不及物，及物动词的宾补结构；形容词的原级、比较级、最高级；简单句、复合句、并列句都有其自身的使用范围以及连词、关系代词的选用、时态的呼应等等。如果考生语法知识不够牢固，就会出现大量的语言结构性问题。同时，从语篇的角度来讲，整体文章结构需要有适当的衔接与过渡，缺少衔接与过渡，就会使文章层次混乱，重复累赘。具体问题表现如下：

1.动词的及物与不及物

如①He like listening music.②He wants to look Ningxia’s par k. ③He often helps with classmates.

2.及物动词宾补结构错误

如①He tell me give some suggestions about Ningxia. ②He wants to travel and help himself relaxing.

3.时态问题

如①He is once go to Ningxia.②He had joined school soccer team.③He will climbs the mountain Tai and visits the Great Wall.

④He also said he want to Guyanling with me.

4.语态问题

如①He is visited his grandmother. ②He is wondered how China likes.

5.语气错误

如I wish he has a good time.

6.谓语重叠

如①He likes play basketball.②He is going to summer holiday come to Ningxia.③He want arrive Ningxia.④I am get along well with him.⑤He’s like play basketball.

7.谓语结构残缺或错误

如①He is study very good.②That his wish.③He very friendly and outgoing.④Football is Bill like best on sports.⑤He can many money.

8.无主句

如①Is very cute, student think②He thinks that can find something interesting.③There are a good place, can make people relax④.After class don’t fight with her friends.

9.主谓不一致

如①Bill have a good family.②He don’t know this people.③His teachers and classmates says that he is a funny boy.④He always share his book with me.

10.名词的单复数形式错误、人称代词格的混乱、介词错误、冠词错误

名词单复数形式错误如：①He is a middle school students.②Many teacher think that he is polite and smart.③There is a good weather here.

介词错误如：①They always play football in playground.②They live countryside.③I want to introduce him for you.④I believe he will love in here.

冠词错误如：①He lives in the USA.②He is a excellent boy.③His father is teacher.④The summer, he want to go to the Ningxia.

（三）功能类问题

功能类问题是从语用学的角度来说的，考生虽然能表达基本意思，但不能准确表述题目要点，往往与功能类问题有关。具体问题表现如下：

1.词性错误

如①Do you want to see he?②He has a normal family likes many people.③There are three people in his family, he father, he mother and he.④His study is very well.

2.串句错误

如①The air is fresh, the sky is blue, the grass is green. ②When we talk on the phone are very happy.③He has a good hobby is clean his family’s living room.④He heard of Ningxia is very beautiful.

3.平行结构错误

如①He likes swimming, running and play basketball.②He is shyness, but friendship for me.

③Running make him happy and pleasure. ④He is friendship and outgoing.

4.语序混乱

如①They with Bill gets on with.②Because he like there environment.③His address is very big house with garden.④He like with parents watch TV at evening.

5.汉语式表达

如①I wan t to learn here’s knowledge.②He come Ningxia play.③You come Ningxia is very good.④Bill has a hot heart, especially have trouble people. ⑤We very welcome to he come to our home.⑤We think of please his teach me, so that we and his together study harder.

6.句式单调

如①His dad is a worker. His mom is a worker, too.②He has a pair of big ears, and a small mouth and has a yellow hair.③He wants to go to China. He wants to go to Ningxia.

7.主从复合句错误

如①He come Ningxia is because he and his parents like Chinese.②He want to know Guyuan people live.③My teachers and classmates all think of he is helpful.④He hear of Ningxia is beautiful.

三、优秀作文分析与点评

案例1

【分析与点评】

考生能准确审题，层次清晰。第一段交代了人物的身份、家庭情况及爱好；第二段交代了人物性格及老师、同学对他的平价；第三段交代了来宁夏旅游的原因。文章结构安排合理，整体过渡自然、环环相扣，形成了严密的逻辑链条。要点明确饱满，表述精确到位。句式富于变化，长短句错落有致。文中there be句型、spend sb.in doing sth.结构、以及宾语从句His teaches think that…His classmates say that…凸显了作者驾驭语言的能力。

案例2

【分析与点评】

此文亮点频出，耐人寻味，是人物介绍类作文中的一篇佳作。文章结构合理、叙述自然、笔触细腻、过渡精妙，句式丰富多彩，词汇应用生动鲜活。第一段用because of 介词短语表示原因，句式精炼、独到。紧接着用in his spare time 和sometimes 两个表示时间概念的词，表述精细、具体。第二段中用as a student, as a result,过渡巧妙，逻辑严密。第三段作者用副

词once将时间推移到过去，由用from then on 将时间过渡到现在，

游刃有余，可见考生扎实的语言功底和行文智慧。为了避免与第一段中he is interested in…句式重复，作者在最后一段用He has strong interest in…来表达同一意境，可谓妙笔生花。文章用问句结尾，增加了文章的生动感，拉近了与读者的距离。

四、写作教学的问题与建议

英语写作是语言综合应用能力的集中体现，是语言教学的重点，也是难点。从2016年固原市中考考生在英语作文中的表现来看，集中反映出以下几个问题：

1.基础词汇掌握不够牢固。丰富、确切的词汇储备是写好作文的必备条件。从卷面分析可以看出，相当一部分考生对于基础词汇的拼写、词性、词的用法、固定搭配、各种词性的句法功能模糊不清，究其原因，与平时的词汇教学不无关系。如果将词汇学习看作是纯粹机械记忆过程，而没有学生的认知、理解与想象的参与过程，这是对词汇教学的最大误解。因此，探索一套建立在学习者认知规律基础上的词汇教学方法将是解决这一问题的根本途径。

2.语法知识的应用能力较差。语法知识是写好作文的基本保证。考生在选择性语法填空中的表现明显优于写作，也就是说，考生在输入性试题中得分较高，而在输出性试题中得分较低。输入性试题主要针对陈述性知识而设定的，而输出性试题则是针对程序性知识而设定的，是对考生认知策略的考察。从试卷分析可以看出，语法教学与考生写作能力的形成之间有明显的脱节。因此，如何将语法教学和写作教学结合起来是提高学生写作能力的突破点。

3.语篇知识的缺乏。任何一篇写作都应当是符合逻辑的展开，讲求结构合理、过渡自然。但从试卷分析可以看出，许多考生在写作前缺乏对文章的整体构思，常常出现写作意图不明、词语堆砌、重复累赘、要点不全等现象。语篇知识主要涉及语言的结构、文章的整体布局、句与句之间的衔接与过度等。

针对以上问题，对今后写作教学提出以下两点建议：

1.词汇教学应摆脱传统的注入式教学，而应当采用联想式教学。在注入式教学中，教师往往先领读单词，然后让学生记忆单词，最后听写所记忆的单词。这是目前大多数教师采用的方法。这是一种机械记忆方法，学生在学完词汇之后很快就会遗忘，并且很难正确应用词汇。联想式教学是建立在词汇的联系基础上的，学生通过联想式记忆，会形成一张词汇网络，而不是彼此毫无关系的单个词汇，这样就大大提高词汇在学生大脑中的长时记忆。综合我国目前各种词汇教学探索实验，可以概括为三条基本路线：①从词源学角度出发路线。很多单词源于同一词根，学生记住一个词根，可以至少记住10个单词，而且很难遗忘。在中学范围内，目前高中教材中涉及词缀，有一定帮助作用。初中教学从词汇教学思维上简单的渗透一些构词法知识很有必要。②主题分类路线。是将各种词汇按主题进行分类，在课堂上往往采用头脑风暴法，让学生快速调度所学词汇，从而形成一种词汇族群。目前有部分教师采用头脑风暴法，但值得指出的是，头脑风暴所形成的词汇族群应当以文本的形式储存起来，以备学生长期使用。主题分类法对学生写作词汇帮助极大，应当引起重视。

③区分与联系路线。在新词汇出现时，教师引领学生梳理改词汇的同一词、反义词以及该词的其他词性的拼写形式。这一路线对学生正确理解词汇的句法功能有很大帮助，在教学实验中也收到良好效果。

2.语法教学应摆脱演绎式教学，而应当采用归纳式教学。演绎式语法教学是将各种语法现象平铺直叙，照本宣科地呈现给学生，然后让学生记忆语法规则，最后通过选择题来训练知识点。这种教学方法的鲜明特点是先记忆，后理解。这样一来，就从一开始剥夺了学生对语言的个体认知，往往受教师讲解先入为主的影响，学生很难形成灵活应用知识的能力。归纳式语法教学是先呈现相关语言材料，让学生对句式结构做相同性和差异性比较，认真分析语言的内在规律，然后总结这些规律，最后自己做出类似的句子。这就给学生提供了个体认知语言的空间，通过学生自己习得而将语法知识应用到语言的输出当中，即“从用中学”。语法教学与写作教学的结合，主要通过以下三种方式来完成：①构建语法思维导图。写作是综合应用语法知识的过程，需要学生在大脑中形成语法知识图谱，以便在适合的情境中随时调取。语法思维导图是在语法知识的内在结构与学习者的认知规律相结合的基础上形成的网状结构。这是对教师智慧的极大挑战，将对语法教学与写作教学产生极大影响。②语法训练的题型转换。语法训练不能以选择题为主，而应当采用多种形式。如词性填空，翻译、改写句子、造句等。给学生提供较开放的空间，让学生发挥主动应用语言的能力。③读写结合法。凡读必写是写作训练最有效的方法，每篇阅读材料中都有多样的语法现象，教师应帮助学生分析这些语法现象。然后让学生仿写、续写、改写、缩写、评论，这些都是非常有效的方法，不仅可以增加学生学习语言的兴趣，同时也有助于学生写作能力的提高。

总之，写作教学是一项复杂性、综合性工作，是对教师教学能力和学生学习能力的双重考验。一是要从点滴做起、循序渐进、贵在坚持；二是要高瞻远瞩、科学引领、锐意改进。

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2019福建中考英语试题作文题目及范文

假定你是李华，收到英国笔友 Harry 的邮件，获悉他在机器人制作比赛中获奖。请根据邮件内容给他回复。词数 80 左右。参考词汇：congratulation 祝贺注意事项： 1.回复邮件时可适当发挥，邮件格式已给出，不计入总词数; 2.意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范; 3.请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名及地名。 Dear Harry, ____________________ Yours, Li Hua 满分作文： Dear Harry, Congratulations! How glad I am to share your good news! I think robot s are helpful in many ways. And in the future they’ll play more important roles in our daily life. Plus, I’m dying to have a robot of my own. I can have it take care of my grandparents when we are not at home. You see, my grandparents are old and cannot move easily. It can help them do some housework such as cooking, cleaning the house and so on. Hoping you’ll make greater progress. Yours, Li Hua

10篇优秀英语作文范文

1. 感谢信假设你是李华，梁教授去年六月推荐你去悉尼大学深造，现在你已经被悉尼大学化学学院录取，请写封信向梁教授表示感谢。【优秀满分范文】 Dear Professor Liang, I am writing to extend my gratitude to you. Because of your help，now I am a student of Chemistry Department of Sydney University. Last June, when I applied to become a graduate student of Sydney University, you really gave me a lot of valuable help. You not only wrote a recommendation for me to Professor Wells who works in the Sydney University，but also gave me careful and patient instructions on how to fill the application forms and write the application letters. It is your unreserved help that enables me to obtain this splendid opportunity of further education. For the following two years I will study hard to reciprocate （回报）your sincere help and expectations with excellent grades. Yours truly, Li Hua 2. 道歉信假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件： 1. 表示歉意； 2. 解释原因； 3. 另约时间。注意：1. 词数120~150；2. 可适当增加细节。

福建省中考英语试题

2018年福建省初中毕业和高中阶段学校招生考试（A卷）英语（A）试题 Ⅰ.听力（共三节，20小题；每小题分，满分30分）第一节听句子听下面五个句子，从每小题所给的三幅图中选出与句子内容相符的选项。（每个句子读两遍。） 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 第二节听对话听下面七段对话，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。(每段对话读两遍) 听第1段对话，回答第6小题。 6. How was the weather yesterday? A. Warm. B. Cold. C. Hot. 听第2段对话，回答第7小题。 7. What are the speakers talking about? A. No littering B. No smoking. C. No smoking. 听第3段对话，回答第8小题。 8. Who made a speech at the ceremony? A. Susan. B. Bob. C. Betty. 听第4段对话，回答第9小题。 9. How long will the meeting last?

A. Two hours. B. Three hours. C. Five hours. 听第5段对话,回答第10、11小题。 10. Where does the woman want to go? A. A library. B. A restaurant. C. A supermarket. 11. Which bus will the woman take? A. No. 3. B. No. 5. C. No. 7. 听第6段对话，回答第12、13小题。 12. When did the woman come to China? A. In 2012. B. In 2013. C. In2014. 13. How does the man study Chinese? A. By listening to tapes. B. By joining a Chinese club. C. By reading Chinese magazines. 听第7段对话,回答第14、15小题。 14. Why did the man go to Beijing? A. To do business. B. To have a holiday. C. To see his parents. 15. What did the man do in Beijing? A. He met his friends. B. He went to the Summer Palace. C. He watched Beijing Opera.

长沙中考英语作文真题带范文

-长沙中考英语作文真题(带范文)

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长沙市20０8年初中毕业学业考试下图是Ｇｉnａ对班上同学的周末活动进行调查后得出的结果;同学们的周末活动真是丰富多彩。想想你和你的同学是如何度过周末的?写一篇名为“Weｅkend Activiｔies”的文章谈谈你们的周末活动。要求：１.语意连贯,句式规范,字迹工整; 2.文中不得出现你的真实校名和姓名; 3.词数6０—８0; 4．开头已给出,不计入总词数。 Wｅekeｎd Aｃtivｉties Iｎmy ｃｌass, mｏｓtｏf mｙcｌasｓmaｔes have colorfｕl wｅekeｎds．__＿_＿＿_＿_____ ______＿____＿_＿_＿___＿＿＿＿_＿____＿_______＿______＿_______＿__＿____＿______＿_＿＿_＿＿__________＿___＿______＿________＿__＿_＿__＿＿_______＿__＿_＿＿＿＿__＿＿____＿______＿___＿ ________________＿___________＿____＿＿_＿＿＿＿_＿____＿__＿ _________＿________＿_＿＿______＿_＿______＿___＿__＿__________＿_＿＿__________＿_＿___＿＿＿＿＿_＿___＿_________＿___＿__＿_＿______＿__________＿______＿_＿＿__＿___＿＿__________＿__＿___＿_____＿＿_＿_______________＿___＿___＿__＿__＿___＿_＿＿_______＿＿＿＿_______＿_________＿__＿_______＿__＿___＿_＿______＿_

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