虚拟语气知识点总结
虚拟语气
第一节语气
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气与虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式(有的还借助句法形式)来表示。
第二节虚拟语气的概念
虚拟语气就是一种特殊的动词形式,一就是用来表示说话人所说的话不就是一个事实,而就是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中);一就是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
它能实现下列交际功能:
a.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿(这种假设或意愿在多数情况下就是与事实相反或不太可能实现的。
b、经常用来缓与语气,使之更加委婉、礼貌、得体,使句子带有推测性与尝试性。
c、表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪。
d、表示适度的责备或批评。
e、表示美好的祝愿或祝福。
学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类:条件句有真实条件
句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设就是可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。
如:
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic、假若明天不下雨,我就去野餐。
Oil floats if you pour it on water、您如把油倒在水里,油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则就是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
第三节虚拟语气在条件句中
NOTE:使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点:
１.当条件状语从句表示的行为与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为:错综时间条件句“,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整.
If you had followed my advice , you would be better now、
如果您听我的建议,您现在就会痊愈了.
２.在条件句中,可省略if,把were ,had, should 提到句首,变为倒装句式.(后面详细讲解)
If you had come earlier, you would have met him、
Had you come earlier, you would have met him、
1、与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should (would, might, could)+动词原形。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic、如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。
(事实就是:天在下雨,我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。)
If he came here, he might be able to help you、如果她来这,她就能够帮助您了。
(事实就是:她没来这,她不可能帮助您。表示对她的良好印象。)
2、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词,主句的谓语用should ( would, might, could)+ have ＋过去分词。
She would have gone to the party if she had been invited、
要就是当初她被邀请的话,她就会去参加这次聚会了。
(事实就是:当时没有人邀请她,因此,她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。)
If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning、
今天早上,她要就是不叫我的话,我就会睡过头了。
(事实就是:她今天早上叫我了,我没有睡过头。表示感激。)
3、与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were); should＋动词原形;were to＋动词原形,主句用should (would, might, could)+动词原形。
If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French、
明年我要就是二十岁,我就会学法语。
(事实就是:我现在已经老了,明年我学不了法语了。)
If it should fail, I would try again、要就是失败了,我会再试一次。
(事实就是:有可能失败,可我会再试。表示未知。)
虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”,而就是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。
If we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunch time、
假如我们赶上早班火车,到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。(表希望)
If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station、
假如我们赶不上这班火车,我们就得在车站等一小时。(表不希望)
4、混合型的条件句
当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句与从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应,这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句就是从句用过去完成时(指过去行为),而主句用一般时(指目前状态)。
He would pass the test if he had taken my advice.如果她听了我的劝告,她现在会通过考试。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now、
假如昨天我对她说了,现在我就知道该怎么办了。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice、
假如您接受了我的意见,您现在就会好得多。
如条件从句用if I were、、、,主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式。
If I were not busy, I would have come、
假如我不忙,我就会去了。(were表过去)
If I were you, I would go、
假如我就是您,我会去的。(were表现在)
第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用
一、虚拟语气在主语从句中
A、在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that 、、、、” 中,表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等;that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形(should可以省略) It’s important that we should take good care of the patient、重要的就是我们要照顾好病人。
It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.
It's strange that he should say so、
I was glad that he should go、
It is important that we should speak politely、
It is a pity that she should fare so badly、
It's right that you should think that way、
这类的形容词还有advisable(可取的),appropriate(适当的),compulsary(必须的),crucial(关键的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),important(重要的),possible(可能的),preferable(更好的),probable(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(急迫的),vital(极为重要的)等。
B、在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/、
that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型,表示愿望,建议,请求等主观意愿等。
It is demanded that we should work out a plan、
It is requested that Professor Liu(should)give us a lecture.
It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.
I’m ashamed y ou should have done such a thing、
It has been suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.有人建议推迟会议。
It is settled that you leave us, then?
C、在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice
that…、、句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议,命令,请求,道歉,怀疑,惊奇等。
It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance、
注意:这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气,如:It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week、她上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明,这就是很重要的。
二、用于宾语从句
宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后,其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气,作为suggest,request,demand,urge,propose,prefer,advise,insist,require,order,command,maintain,ask,obj ect, arrange, desire等动词的宾语。
注意:suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时,insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时,应用陈述语气。
The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class、
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work、
她脸上的表情表明她对我们的工作很满意.
He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means、
她坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money、
那个人坚持说她没有偷钱.
The doctor suggested that he not go there.医生建议她不要去那里。
He suggested that we should leave early、她建议我们早点动身。
The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded、法官命令被告还押。
wish的宾语的从句,表示愿望,常省去连词that。
☆从句的谓语动词可用过去式,表示现在的愿望(与现在事实相反),虽实现的可能性不大,但仍有实现的可能。
I wish it were true.我但愿这就是真的。
I wish I were a bird、(were 与wish 发生在同一时间平面上)
☆从句的谓语动词还可用“could(would,might)+动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望
I wish you would stay a little longer、我希望您再待一会儿。
I wish that the rain could stop soon、
☆表示无能为力的过去愿望(与过去事实相反),可用“had +过去分词”或
“could(would,might)+have+过去分词”
I wish you had called yesterday.我希望您昨天来过电话。
I wish you had come to our Christmas party、
We wish you had come to our New Year’s party、我们真希望您来参加了我们的新年联欢会。would rather,would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 从句也常用虚拟语气,表示宁愿、但愿之意。这种虚拟语气表示的不就是与事实相反的假设,而就是一种尚未实现的愿望☆表示与现在与将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式:
I would rather you came tomorrow、我宁愿您明天来。
I’d sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else、我宁愿她把重活留给别人。
I would rather you left today、我宁愿您今天走。
I would sooner my daughter attended a public school、但愿我的女儿能上公立学校。
I would prefer he didn’t stay here too long、我倒希望她不要在这儿待得太久。
☆用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义:
I would rather I hadn’t seen that film yesterday、
我宁愿昨天没有瞧那场电影。
有些动词,如think, expect, believe,其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should+动词原形。如:
I never thought he should refuse、我万没有想到她会拒绝。
She did not expect that you should come、她没有预料您会来。
三、用于表语从句与同位语从句
在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语与同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形”should可以省略.
My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible、
我的建议就是您要尽可能经常地练习说英语。
The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone、
每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。
名词suggestion,proposal,order,advice,demand等作主语,其后的表语从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气,用should +动词原形或省略should。
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them、
我的建议就是我们应派几个战士去增援她们。
My advice is that you (should) treat her well、我的忠告就是您应该善待她。
He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once、
她提出一个要求,要求她立刻离开这个地方。
My suggestion is that we should tell him、我的建议就是我们应该告诉她。
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible、
我们唯一的请求就就是尽快解决这个问题。
注意:虚拟语气也可以用于同位语从句。
如:There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team、有一项建议就是布朗应该离队。
四、虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用
常用在It is time (that)…句型中,定语从句常用虚拟过去式
It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形,should不能省略.
It’s high time we went to the laboratory、该就是我们去实验室的时候了。
It is time the children went to bed、孩子们早该上床睡觉了。(表示催促)
It's high time that he began to think how to deal with money、
她早该开始考虑如何与钱打交道。
It is time we left、我们该走了。
It is time we went to bed、我们该去睡觉了。
五、虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中,表愿望
Long live the Communist Party of China！中国共产党万岁！
God bless you! 上帝保佑您。
God damn it! 该死的！
The devil take you! 见鬼去吧！
So be it then、就那样吧。
第五节虚拟语气在其她从句中
If only 引导的感叹句(要就是...该有多好啊;但愿);
1 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。用过去时或would/could+动词原形表示;
If only you listened to us!要就是您听我们的话该多好啊！
2 与过去事实相反的愿望,用过去完成时。例如:
If only I had listened to the doctor’s advice! 我要就是听了医生的话就好了。
as if ( as though) 瞧起来even if ( even though)即使常用虚拟形式,其构成形式与wish后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同,表示与现在事实相反(从句意上判断),用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去完成式(had done),would/could +动词原形。例如:
The football fans of act as if they were crazy、那些足球迷们经常就像疯了似的。(act与were 发生在同一时间平面上)
He often talks about London as though he had been there、(had been there发生在talkes之前) 她常常谈起伦敦,就好像她去过那里似的。
She often talks and talks as if she would never stop、(would never stop后于talks and talks 发生) 她常常讲起来没完没了。
虚拟语气在in order that,so that,in case,lest,for fear that引导的目的状语从句中的应用,从句中的谓语动词用"may(might)＋动词原形"或"should＋动词原形"。在以lest引导的从句中,谓语动词用"should＋动词原形"。例如:
He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain、她拿上了雨衣以防下雨。
He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again、她被处以惩罚以免她再犯。
He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold、她把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。
虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系:从句中的虚拟时态往往不受全句谓语时态的影响。
1) 用于主语从句。试比较:
It is important that he should know about this、她必须知道此事。
It was important that he should know about this、她必须知道此事。
2) 用于宾语从句。试比较:
I suggest that we should go tomorrow、我建议我们明天走。
I suggested that we should go the next day、我建议我们第二天走。
She said, “If I were a boy I would join the army、”她说,“我如就是男孩,就参军。”
She said that if she were a boy, she would join the army、她说她如就是男孩就参军。
但强调现在时刻的虚拟式在间接引语中需要遵守时态一致的原则。试比较:
“If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do,” he said、
“假如我知道它就是如何运行的话,我就会告诉您该怎么办,”她说道。
He said that if he had known how it worked he could have told me what to do、
她说假如她知道它就是如何运行的话,她就会告诉我该怎么办。
“If I knew the answer to all your questions I'd be a genius,” he said、
“我如知道您所有问题的答案,我就就是天才了。”她说道。
He said that if he knew the answer to all my questions, he’d be a genius、
她说她如知道我所有问题的答案,她就就是天才了。
但如果全句谓语就是虚拟语气,其后从句的时态则多受其影响,现在时态应随之而变为过去时态。
如:I would think he was wrong、我瞧她就是错了。(须用was,试比较:I think he is wrong)
It would seem that she was right、她似乎就是对的。(须用was,试比较:It seems that she is right) 第六节、连词if的省略
如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,had与should时,可省略if,把were,had与should放到从句主语前面去,多见于书面语。
Had you not helped me, I should have failed、要就是没有您的帮助,我就失败了。
Were you in my position, you would do the same、假如您处在我的地位,您也会这样干的。
Should they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely、
假如她们进攻我们,我们就把她们彻底消灭干净。
第七节、含蓄条件句
虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。
1) 条件暗含在短语中。
But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment、
如果没有您的帮助,我们的实验就是不会成功的。(暗含在分词短词but for your help) What would I have done without you? 如没有您,我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中)
It would be easier to do it this way、这样做会比较容易。
(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中)
This same thing, happening in wartime, amount to disaster、
同样的事,如发生在战时,就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime 中) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast、她一定就是力大如河马,否则她绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件就是连词or)
Alone, he would have been terrified、如就是单独一人,她就是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件就是alone)
2) 条件暗含在上下文中。
You might stay here forever、您可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)
We would have succeeded、我们本来就是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying) Your reputation would be ruined、您的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含if you should accept it) 3) 在不少情况下,虚拟式已变成习惯说法,很难找出其暗含的条件。
You wouldn’t know、您不会知道。
I would like to come、我愿意来。
第八节、不用if引导的条件从句
虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外,还可用when, unless, lest, suppose, as if, for fear, in case, on condition 等词语来引导。
The peasants prepared to feed the city when it should be freed、
农民已准备在这座城市解放后供给粮食。
Lest you should not have heard all, I shall begin at the beginning、
我怕您没有听全,所以我再从头开始讲一遍。
Unless I w ere well, I wouldn’t be at school、除非我好了,否则我不会上学。
Suppose you were given a chance to study in America , would you accept?
假如给您一个到美国学习的机会,您会接受不？(suppose 或supposing =what if)
Supposing it were so？(=Supposing it were so,what would happen？)
要就是这样的话,会怎么样呢？
He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow、
如果明天能还回来,她就可以借用这辆自行车。
In case I forget , please remind me of my promise 如果我忘了,请提醒我的诺言。
Susan is walking slowly ,as if she were tired、苏珊走得很慢,就像就是累了似的。
与if一样,上述词语所引导的条件从句亦可用直陈语气,表可能实现或发生的事。
虚拟语气专项练习
1、Jack wishes that he _____ business instead of history when he was in university、
A、studied
B、had been studying
C、study
D、had studied
2、The millions of calculation involved, had they been done by hand, _____ all practical value by the time they were finished、
A、had lost
B、would lose
C、would have lost
D、should have lost
3、It is essential that these application forms _____ back as early as possible、
A、must be sent
B、are sen
C、will be sent
D、be sent
4、It is important that the hotel receptionist _____ that guests are registered correctly、
A、has made sure
B、must make sure
C、made sure
D、make sure
5、It was essential that the application forms _____ back before the deadline、
A、must be sent
B、be sent
C、would be sent
D、were sent
6、It's necessary _____ the dictionary immediately、
A、that he will return
B、that he return
C、that he returned
D、that he has to return
7、It is important that enough money _____ to fund the project、
A、be collected
B、was collected
C、must be collected
D、can be collected
8、I don't think it advisable that Tom _____ to the job since he has no experience、
A、is assigned
B、be assigned
C、will be assigned
D、has been assigned
9、The suggestion that the mayor _____ the prizes was accepted by everyone、
A、would present
B、present
C、ought to present
D、presents
10、We are all for your proposal that the discussion _____、
A、be put off
B、should put off
C、was put off
D、is to put off
11、You _____ him so closely; you should have kept your distance、
A、shouldn't have been following
B、mustn't follow
虚拟语气知识点总结和练习
虚拟语气语法总结 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块 1.虚拟条件句 第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
可用虚拟语气的用法总结
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句
【英语】虚拟语气知识点总结和题型总结
【英语】虚拟语气知识点总结和题型总结 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1． If I _______ you , I _______ do that . A．was , would B．were ; wouldn’t C．am , won’t D．were , won’t 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我不会那样做。本句是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句谓语用动词用过去式（be动词一般用were）；主句用should （would,could,might）+ 动词原形。故选D。 考点：虚拟条件句。 2．If I _______ you, I would say another student could do it better. A．was B．were C．were D．are 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：如果我是你，我会说另一个学生可以把它做得更好。 考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知“现在事实”相反，此句是虚拟语气，be动词使用were；故选A。 3． If I ______ you, I _____the job. A．was; will take B．was; would take C．were; would take D．were; will take 【答案】 C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我就要这份工作。If引导的句子是愿望时，用过去式表示，而且系动词用were,主句用would加原形。故选C。 考点: 考查虚拟语气的用法。 4．If I ______ you, I ______invite him to go to see a movie. A．am;would B．were;will C．were;would D．was;will 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会邀请他去看电影。go to see a movie去看电影；invite sb to do邀请某人做某事；在表达与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，Be用were,主句用would。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 5．— What would you do if you _______ a million dollars? — I would give it to charity.
虚拟语气语法总结
虚拟语气 在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(In dicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，女口：How beautiful she is!则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Do n't hurry up则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表8 —7。 虚拟语气的构成 虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表
1语法辨析 In correct: If I was a girl, I would marry you Correct: If I were a girl, I would marry you 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，if条件句中的be动词一律用were，这句话应译为我要是个女孩，我就嫁给你。实际上不可能是个女孩。 In correct: If I were you I will not worry Correct: If I were you I should n't worry 现在时的虚拟语气主句要用should或would加动词原形，这句话应译为我要是你的话，就没有必要烦恼。要注意这种语态用在这里实际上是想把要讲出的观点表达得婉转些，有礼貌些。 In correct: God forgives you! Correct: God forgive you! 这里的主语God是第三人称单数，之所以动词不加s是因为要表达一种祝愿，即人力所不能及的事情，实际上是forgive前有一助动词should, May 等, 但在口语中将其省略了。如：May you be happy祝你幸福。 In correct: If the weather was nice yesterday, we would have gone to the zoo Correct: If the weather had been nice yesterday we would have gone to the zoo
关于虚拟语气的知识点整理
关于虚拟语气的知识点整理 虚拟语气的重点是： 1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。 3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 （1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 （4）I t’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。 It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 （5）as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. （6）由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如： She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. (7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反，if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for： If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
专四虚拟语气总结(打印)
专四语法（虚拟语气） 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 eg. If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意： 1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形 ?If I had time, I would do it again. ?If I had known of your arrival, I should have met you at the station. ?If she had further considered the problem, she might have come to the correct conclusion. 真题举例：
最新虚拟语气知识点总结
最新虚拟语气知识点总结 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．—A student in my class said to me, “if I ______our math teacher, I_____ make math learning easier and more interesting instead of giving the kids much homework to do every day.”A．were, would B．am, will C．was, would D．were, will 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我班里的一个学生对我说：如果我是数学老师，我会使数学学习更简单有趣，而不是每天给学生许多作业去做。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。其主要有三种结构： 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” 3、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”。 该句描述的是与现状相反的事实故选A。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．--------- Come and join us, Jim! ---------- I’m sorry I can’t . If I _______ time, I would certainly go. A．will have B．have had C．had D．had had 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。 （1）、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” （2）、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” （3）、与将来事实相反
虚拟语气用法总结讲课稿
虚拟语气用法总结
虚拟语气用法总结 朱世梅 新时代大学英语中针对虚拟语气的练习题较多,而学生们往往把握不好虚拟语气的正确使用,现将其用法总结如下: 一.虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达： a. 非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人主观愿望。 b. 与客观事实相反地情景，即强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上，表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。 c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而且一般有明显得标志。 二.虚拟语气的考点为： 1.If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句: a.与现在的事实相反：从句用一般过去时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. b.与过去的事实相反：从句用过去完成时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋现在完成时 If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree. c.与将来的事实相反：从句用should (were to，did) + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.
注意：虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Eg: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. Eg:_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. d.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。例如：条件句动作发生在过去，主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。 Eg: If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 2.Wish 句型表达“但愿…，要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 Wish to do表达法: Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 3.在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形，其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包括： suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist,
虚拟语气语法汇总
虚拟语气语法汇总
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虚拟语气 在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，如：How beautiful she is! 则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Don't hurry up 则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表８－７。 虚拟语气的构成 种类条件句结构主句结构 与现在事实相反动词用过去式 be 动词用were Should/could＋动词原形 would/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反的用had＋过去分词 Should/could＋have＋过去分词 would/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反动词用过去式 were to 加动词原形 should 加动词原形 should＋动词原形 would＋动词原形虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表 种 类 功用句型例句 虚拟语气表示主观 愿望 主句谓语宾语从句谓语动词I wish we could go to the seaside today. wish 现在过去式 过去 had+过 去分词 I wish I had gone to the basketball match. 将来 should+ 动词原 形 would+ 动词原 形 could+动 词原形 might+动 词原形 I wished I could fly to the moon. I wish you would stay here a little longer. would rather 现在过去式 I would rather you came to my party tomorrow. 表示虚拟状语从句从句动She looked after the orphan as if he
英语虚拟语气知识点归纳
虚拟语气（注意时态和所用规则） 一般原则 现在：if+主+动词过去式（be动词用were）主+should/could/would/might+do 过去：if+主+had + done 主+should/could/would/might+have/has + done 将来：if+主+动词过去式 If+主+were to do 主+should/could/would/might+do If+主+should do 出现with、without、but for、otherwise、ever if 、ever though………用法与一般原则一样 Wish原则 虚拟的动作相比wish是同时时，虚拟部分用-----------过去式 过去-----------过去完成时 未来-----------could/would do 例：I wish ……………………………… If only =I wish 学过倒装的，可以回顾一下if的倒装形式 区别：If only 与only if （if）(只有…才…) 意思雷同首字母
Would rather原则 对现在虚拟-------用过去式 过去-------用过去完成式 将来-------用过去式 例：I’d rather that……………… As if /as though 原则 对现在虚拟-------用过去式 过去-------用过去完成式 将来-------用would do 区别：as if/as though与even if/even though 前者意思是好像，后者意思是即使、虽然后三种原则区别是对将来的虚拟形式不同
英语虚拟语气总结(一)
英语虚拟语气总结（一） 一、概说 英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望：He is honest. 他很诚实。(陈述语气) Don’t be late next time. 下次别迟到。(祈使语气) If I were you I wouldn’t go. 我要是你，我就不会去。(虚拟语气) I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多钱就好了。(虚拟语气) 二、带虚拟条件的虚拟语气 1.真实条件句和非真实条件句 条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气) 2.虚拟条件句的三种基本类型 (1)若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道) (2)若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”： If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了) (3)若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 注：① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：If you tried again you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would 表结果) If you tried again you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might
(完整)虚拟语气用法归纳,推荐文档
虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 8. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now. (从句是对
英语总复习虚拟语气知识点总结
英语总复习虚拟语气知识点总结 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1． ---Tom is always making so many mistakes in his English exercises! --- Yeah. If he ________ more careful, he ________ fewer mistakes. A．was; will make B．is; would make C．were; will make D．were; would make 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：汤姆总是在英语练习中犯那么多的错误！—如果他能更细心一些，他就会犯更少的错误。 表示与现在事实相反的假设，If+主语+动词过去式（be动词用were），主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。根据题意及句型，故选D。 考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。 2． If I ＿＿you . I＿＿study harder. A．am , will B．was, would C．were, would D．were, will 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会更努力学习。这个句子要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。所以用过去式were, would,故选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 3．If I _____ one million dollars, I________ travel around the world with my parents. A．have; will B．had; will C．had; will D．had; would 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：如果我有一百万美元，我要和我的父母环游世界。结合语境可知主句描述的是将来动作，用将来时态。从句中是对将来的虚拟，故用过去时态。选D。 考点：if引导的条件状语从句 点评：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。其主要有三种结构： 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” 3、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”：
高中英语虚拟语气总结
虚拟条件句 Q: What’s the difference between the two sentences If I am free, I will visit you. (______条件句) If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky. (______条件句) a. 真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。 真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思 条件从句主句 一般现在时 will \shall+动词原形 . What will you do if it rains tomorrow I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. The football match _______ put off if it______(rain). b. 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。 I. 虚拟语气 虚拟语气就是表示与真实情况相反的一种假设、愿望或推测。 Subjunctive mood is the verb form used to express a wish; a suggestion; a command or a condition that is contrary to a fact. If I ________(be ) the girl, I________________(want )a big hug. If I ______(meet ) Obama, I________________ (shake) hands with him. 1.同现在事实相反的假设 条件从句主句 过去式(were) should/would/mould/might/+ do If I had a lot of money, I would donate some to the people in need. 2.与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句主句 had done would/should/could/might + have done . If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident in May,