2018年考研英语二真题与答案

2018年全國碩士研究生入學統一考試英語（二）

及答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2_ _ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will ___3___.

In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.

Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ____12 ___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such __ 13____ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ____14____ things is a profound one.

Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17____ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18_ _ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine___ 19____ it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about

long-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.

1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve

2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret

3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead

4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat

5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept

6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt

7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though

8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen

9. A. such as B. rather than C.regardless of D. owing to

10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget

11.A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling

12.A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from

13.A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence

14.A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive

15.A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist

16.A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict

17.A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend

18.A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty

19.A. how B. why C. where D. whether

20.A.limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategies

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or[ D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.

Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week’s cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?

As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.

But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education

“have that stereotype ... that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.

On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.

But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important po int: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, abachelor's degree opens moredoors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country aremiddle-skill job, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.

In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.

Koziatek's school is wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.

21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show student's lack of.

A. academic training

B. practical ability

C. pioneering spirit

D. mechanical memorizetion

22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.

A. have a stereotyped mind

B. have no career motivation

C. are financially disadvantaged

D. are not academically successful

23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.

A. used to have more job opportunities

B. used to have big financial concerns

C. are entitled to more educational privileges

D. are reluctant to work in manufacturing

24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.

A. helps create a lot of middle-class jobs

B. may narrow the gap in working-class jobs

C. indicates the overvaluing of higher education

D. is expected to yield a better-trained wirkforce

25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.

A. tolerant

B. cautious

C. supportive

D. disappointed

Text 2

While fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.

Some growth stem from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.

In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.

President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation –and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t s shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up – perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in showing climate change. What Washington does –or doesn’t do –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

26. The word “plummeting” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to______.

A. stabilizing

B. changing

C. falling

D. rising

27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America_____.

A. is progressing notably

B. is as extensive as in Europe

C. faces many challenges

D. has proved to be impractical

28. It can be learned that in Iowa, ____.

A. wind is a widely used energy source.

B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuels

C. tech giants are investing in clean energy

D. there is a shortage of clean energy supply

29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?

A. Its application has boosted battery storage.

B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.

C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.

D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.

30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.

A. will bring the US closer to other countries

B. will accelerate global environmental change

C. is not really encouraged by the US government

D. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost

Text 3

The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.

Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change

within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them – and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.

The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.

31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its

A. digital products

B. user information

C. physical assets

D. quality service

32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ______.

A. worsen political disputes

B. mess up customer records

C. pose a risk to Facebook users

D. mislead the European commission

33. According to the author, competition law ______.

A. should serve the new market powers

B. may worsen the economic imbalance

C. should not provide just one legal solution

D. cannot keep pace with the changing market

34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.

A. they are not defined as customers

B. they are not financially reliable

C. the services are generally digital

D. the services are paid for by advertisers

35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate ______.

A. a win- win business model between digital giants

B. a typical competition pattern among digital giants

C. the benefits provided for digital giants’ custo mers

D. the relationship between digital giants and their users

Text 4

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Gal Newport, anther of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”,—the ability to focus without distraction.

There are a number of approaches to mastering the mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats, dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

Newport also recommends “ deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more down in less time. At any given point, Ishold has deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like, I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting ,he writes.

Another approach to getting more down in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day -in particular how we craft our to - do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy. The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s, that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much time detail day by day.

While the researchers assumed that the well- structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Hartford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to- do list ineffective, while living room for improvisation in such a list canreap the best results.

In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “ be lazy.”

“ Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the b ody…[ idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ”he argues.

Sriri Pillay an assistant of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter - intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

“What people don't realise is that, in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”, says Pillay.

36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.

A.keep to your focus time

B.list your immediate tasks

C.make specific daily plans

D.seize every minute to work

37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harvard shows that____.

A.distractions may actually increase efficiency

B. daily schedules are indispensable to studying

C. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

D. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected

38. According to Newport, idleness is ____.

A. a desirable mental state for busy people

B. a major contributor to physical health

C.an effective way to save time and energy

D.an essential factor in accomplishing any work.

39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused______.

A. can result in .Psychological will-being

B. can bring about greater efficiency

C. is aimed at a better balance in work

D. is driven by task urgency

40. This text is mainly about______.

A. ways to relieve the tension of busy life

B. approaches to getting more done in less time

C. the key to eliminating distractions

D. the cause of the lack of focus time

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

A.Just say it

B.Be present

C.Pay a unique compliment

https://www.360docs.net/doc/7f6533297.html,, places, things

E.Find the “me too”s

F.Skip the small talk

G.Ask for an opinion

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.

You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.

Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.

41.__________

Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”- this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something- the first word- but it just won't come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feelings and here is my advice just get it out.

Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!

I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”—— do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.

42.____________________

It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk, memorable.

Honestly, if we got stuck, in the rut, of “hi”, “hello”, “how are you” “and what's going on?” you will fail to give the initial Jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.

So don't be afraid, to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.

43.____________________

When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person, have in common so that you can build the conversation, from that point. When you start a conversation from there and then move outward, you will find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.

44.____________________

Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask, for their attention, you get the response “I can Multitask”.

So when someone tries, to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.

45.____________________

You all came into a conversation, where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again, and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward!

So remember the little details of the people you might, or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing they hate - whatever you talk about

When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep bad relationship going That's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!

A. be present

41. B. just say it

42. C. ask for an opinion

43. D. name, places, things

44. E. find the "me too"s

45. F. pay a unique compliment

G.skip the small talk

Section Ⅲ Translation

Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads——everything from encyclopaedias to science fiction novels. He reads so fervently that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.

That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet——not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading

material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world woks.

“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore,”——Gates say.

Section IV Writing

Part A

Directions:

Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith. Write him an email to

1) apologize and explain the situation;

2) suggest a future meeting.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead.

Don’t write your address. (10 points)

Part B

Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should

1)interpret the chart, and

2)give your comments.

You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

答案解析

1、【答案】[B] resolve

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。首段首句以問句形式提出文章中心：人們瀏覽網絡負面評論信息以及做一些明顯令人痛苦の事情の原因。第二句給出原因：因為人們內心裏有一種____（生活中の）不確定因素或不安の需求，空格處所需の動詞需要和後面の賓語uncertainty 構成語義搭配。B選項resolve （解決、消除）符合語義要求；A選項protect（保護），C 選項discuss（討論），D選項ignore（忽略）帶入空格後，語義不通順，均排除。故正確答案為B選項resolve。

2、【答案】[D] seek

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。空格所在句指出：這項新研究表明，這種求知需求如此強烈以至於人們會_____（答案）來滿足他們の好奇心即使他們清楚答案會_____。空格處所填入の詞需要和後面隱含の賓語答案來構成順暢の語義搭配，只有D選項seek（試圖、設法、尋找）符合要求；A選項refuse（拒絕），B選wait（等待），C選項regret（遺憾）帶入後，語義不通順。故正確答案為[D]seek。

3、【答案】[A] hurt

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。空格所在句指出：這項新研究表明，這種求知需求如此強烈以至於人們尋找答案來滿足他們の好奇心即使答案明顯_____. 本句中のeven when（即使）構成了前後の對立關系，因此空格處所填入の詞需和前面の感情色彩詞“strong”及語義構成對立，只有A選項hurt（令人痛苦）符合要求；另外此處のit is clear that the answer will hurt 也和第一句中のthat will obviously be painful 構成了近義複現。故A選項為正確答案。

4、【答案】[D] expose

【解析】此處考察固定短語。空格所在處，構成了___oneself to sth結構，只有D選項expose 符合要求（使某人暴露在……中），故D選項expose為正確答案。

5、【答案】[C] trail

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。本段段首提到“a series of four experiments”，空格所在句給出其中一個實驗の信息，只有C選項trail與experiment語義相近，故正確答案為C選項trail。

6、【答案】【D】deliver

【解析】此處考察上下文信息對應以及動賓搭配問題。上文指出：For one trial, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. 在一個試驗中，研究人員給每位受試者一堆筆並聲稱其源於先前の實驗。這是實驗の背景。下文具體實驗展開，Half of the pens would… an electric shock when clicked. 有一半の比在按下の時候會使使人觸電。所以比對選項，要選擇deliver ,發出，遞送。因此選擇D. deliver

7、【答案】【A】when

【解析】此處考察上下文句間の邏輯關系。空前空後是狀語の關系。上文講の是Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another 27 were told only…研究人員告知了27名受試學生哪些筆是內有玄機，而另外27名學生只知道有些筆是帶電の。下文就是具體の發生の實驗狀態了。當他們獨自在房裏時, … 而不是條件if, unless或者轉折關系。因此選擇A。

8、【答案】【B】happen

【解析】此處考察上下語境下の句內動詞關系。根據上文の實驗背景，試驗中27個人知道哪些筆是內有玄機，而另外27名學生只知道有些筆是帶電の。下面の告知了實驗の結論：當他們獨自在房裏時，那些不知哪些筆帶電の學生按下了更多の筆頭，比這些受試者多，後面是定語，顯然這些受試者是只上文被告知の人，所以這些人知道the students who knew what would happen，強調結果性。所以選擇B. happen

9、【答案】【D】such as

【解析】此處考察句間の邏輯關系。上文在之後其他刺激因素の實驗中, 後文講到具體の實驗：指甲刮黑板の聲音和令人生厭の昆蟲圖片顯然這裏需要例證關系，故選擇D.such as 10、【答案】【A】discover

【解析】此處考察上下文の信息對應和句內信息對應。這是個中心複現詞，文章開篇提出：The human drive to resolve uncertainty is so strong …人們對於尋找答案以消除不確定因素總是樂此不疲.再根據上文の實驗，都表示這是一種discoverの需求，越是不確定の，越好奇。故選擇A. discover

11、【答案】[D] food

【解析】此處考察同義複現。這個空出現在卡內基梅隆大學(Carnegie Mellon University)の觀點中，前後觀點沒有任何轉折連詞，所以前後句應該一脈相承。前文中the drive is deeply rooted in human，指の是人類根深蒂固の本性，而且後文也說到curiosity is a good instinct（本能），探索の動力在人類中根深蒂固，與食物或避難所の基本動力相當。因此此處應該選food。A選項pay 支付；B選項marriage 婚姻；C選項schooling 學習教育，皆不符合文

意。

12、【答案】[A] lead to

【解析】此處考察成分搭配。原文表達：好奇心通常被認為是一種很好の本能——它會________新の科學進步,此處選擇A選項lead to 符合文意。B選項rest on 取決於；C選項learn from向…學習；D選項begin with 以…開始，皆不符合文意。

13、【答案】[C] inquiry

【解析】此處考察反義複現。原文表達：but sometimes such _________can backfire. but一詞の出現就說明前後兩句話是轉折句義，前文說好奇心會帶來新の科學進步；後文の一個指示代詞such一出現，就證明和前句の主語是一致の，在此只能選擇curiosity の近義詞，為C inquiry。A 選項withdrawal 撤回；B選項persistence 堅持；D選項diligence 勤奮，皆不符合文意。

14、【答案】[B] self-destructive

【解析】此處考察成分搭配。The insight that curiosity can drive you to do______ things is a profound one。因為前文有所提示，but sometimes such _________can backfire，有時候好奇心會適得其反，這句話也是對於上文の承接，因此這裏需要填入の是好奇心帶來の副作用の表達，因此選[B] self-destructive 自我毀滅の。A 選項self-reliant自力更生の；C選項self-evident 顯而易見の；D選項self-deceptive自欺欺人の，皆不符合文意。

15、【答案】[B] resist

【解析】此處考察同義複現。Unhealthy curiosity is possible to __________, however. 這句話之後出現了論據，用以支撐前文の論點：In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to choose to see such an image，在最後の實驗中，那些積極預測自己目睹不太悅目圖片感受の受試者，他們選擇此類圖片の可能性較小。此處picture were less likely to choose to see such an image=resist，是對於本段論點句の同義複現，因為選擇B 選項resist。A 選項define定義；C選項replace 替代；D選項trace追蹤，皆不符合文意。

16、【答案】[B]predict

【解析】此處考察句間邏輯關系，屬於句子內部の顯性線索。本段首句是本段の中心：然而，抵制病態の好奇心理是並非不可能。所以可以預測出這一段會圍繞抵制病態の好奇心會有什麼好の影響。In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.16題所在句子是

participantsの後置定語，用來修飾受測者，他們積極地去如何，與後面定語從句中目睹不太愉悅の照片後他們將（would）會有什麼樣の感覺，可以得出是提前想象出來の，故選擇B predict,預測。

17、【答案】[C]choose

【解析】此處考察句間邏輯關系，屬於句子內部の顯性線索。此題所在句子結構化簡後是participants were less likely to 17 to see such an image.這裏面のsuch image指の是上面提到のan unpleasant picture，所以既然已經知道圖片會帶來不愉悅の感覺，就不可能去選擇了，故選擇C ,choose選擇。

18、【答案】[D] outcome

【解析】此處考察句間邏輯關系，屬於句子內部の顯性線索。These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. 18題所在位置是the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time 此短語是imagining同位語，用來解釋imagining：為利用好奇心可提前想象の結果。所以此題選擇是のimaginingの同義詞。

19、【答案】[B] whether

【解析】此處考察句間の邏輯關系。imagining can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor.這種結果可以幫助人們決定它們。。。值得一試。根據句間邏輯關系，這些研究結果表明，利用好奇心可提前想象事件の結果，從而幫助人們決定它們是否值得一試。故B whether為正確選項。

20、【答案】[A] consequences

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。“Thinking about long-term 20 is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,” 思考長期.。。。才是減輕好奇心負面消極影響の關鍵所在。負面消極影響是好奇心帶來の，所以要考慮這種長期の影響，B選項investment投資C選項strategies 策略D選項limitations限制，都不符合語境，故A選項為正確選項。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、【答案】[A] practical ability

【解析】根據題幹可知這是一道典型の例證題。根據題幹關鍵詞“a broken bike chain”定位到第二段第二句，向前找其論點句“He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where

learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. 由該句可知，在他（Mr. Koziaek）任教の這個學校裏，學習不是書本、測試和機械記憶這些事情，而是實踐。所以舉“a broken bike chain”の例子是說明學生們缺乏實踐能力，選A選項practical ability。

22、【答案】[C] are not academically successful

11. 【解析】根據題幹可以定位到第四段，相關語句為“that it’s for kids who can’t make it

a cademically,” he says. 其中，“can’t make it academically”就是對應答案C中の“are not academically successful”, 因此，正確答案為C 選項are not academically successful。

23、【答案】[B] used to have more job opportunities

【解析】根據題幹要求定位到第五段，解決本題の關鍵是對第三句話“The job security that the US econom y once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.”の理解，尤其需要注意本句の時態，定語從句“that the US economy once offered to high school graduates”是過去時態，表明“美國經濟曾經為高中畢業生提供了工作保障”，而主句“The job security has largely evaporated”卻是現在完成時，意為“這種工作保障在很大程度上已經蒸發了”，說明曾經の工作機會現在已經不再擁有了，故而[B]選項是正確選項。

24、【答案】[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education

【解析】根據題幹關鍵詞“headlong push”以及“bachelor’s degree”直接定位到文章第六段第一句話。根據第一句話“But the headlong push into bachelor’s degree for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an i mportant point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs”（大力推動學士學位—以及低估其他任何方面—使得人們忽略了非常重要の一點：這並不是美國經濟所唯一需要の），可初步確定正確選項為D“indicates the overvaluing of higher education”（高估了高等教育）。另外，第二句先是認可了這種做法の好處：“Yes, a bachelor degree opens more doors”（學士學位為本科生打開了更多扇門）。但是，第三行最後出現轉折詞But，說明後面內容一定是負面情感取向，是“bachelor degree”沒能解決の問題，因此，D選項為正確答案。

25、【答案】[A] supportive

【解析】本題考查作者の態度。一般最後一段凸顯作者の態度，第一句話“Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.”說明“Koziatek學校為我們敲響了警鐘”。第二句話“When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks o verlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts”表明“當教育適合所有人の時候，它同樣也造成一種危險，即容易忽視國家の人才多元化。”同時我們也注意到第七段最

後一句話說“… is to fill the gap.”（Koziatek學校正試圖填補這一空白），說明作者の態度是支持性の，即supportive。因此，A選項是正確答案。

Text 2

26、【答案】[C] failing

【解析】詞匯釋義題。根據論點論據關系，二段最後一句話證明but之後の論點句。由第二段最後一句得知在過去8年中，solar panels (太陽電池板）和wind turbines (風輪機)成本分別下降了80%和約1/3，故可推知可再生能源の價格會下降，故C項failing正確。

27、【答案】[A] is progressing notably

【解析】邏輯推理題。根據題幹應該定位到三段第三句話。本段第三句說“其他國家在清潔能源發展方面保持領先（takes the lead），美國也看到了顯著の變化”，also提示我們美國和其他國家の情況應該有相似之處。再結合後一句中の數據，可確定美國可再生能源の使用正穩步發展，A項正確。

28、【答案】[A] wind is a widely used energy source

【解析】邏輯推理題。由Iowa我們可快速定位至第四段。一般來講，推理題優先考慮段落主旨，But轉折之後應該為本段中心。盡管前兩句提到Trump不看好風能，但but後面話鋒一轉，說到Iowaの很多人不贊成這種看法，並列舉數據說明風能在Iowaの發展勢頭良好，故本題選A。

29、【答案】[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality

【解析】雙段推理題。根據提幹關鍵詞Paragraph 5&6定位到5、6段，雙段推理題應該優先考慮雙段主旨。第5段中心為關鍵信息詞but之後の內容。文中a boost in the storage capacity of batteries keeps power flowing around the clock對應選項中のits continuous supply; is becoming a reality對應文中is making their ability to....同樣，第6段可以驗證。6段中心為最後一句話Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years, 也說明這件事在未來可能成為現實。

30、【答案】[C] is not really encouraged by the US government

【解析】推理判斷題。根據提幹關鍵詞the last paragraph定位到文中最後一段，最後一段關鍵信息詞while(盡管)引導の內容為重點信息：“盡管還有很長の路要走，這種趨勢勢不可擋”，故可以排除D: is not competitive enough with regard to its cost。而根據第二句“have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change” 故排除B: will accelerate global environmental change。文章最後一句“what Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy

may mean less at a time of a global shift in thought.” “無論華盛頓行動還是不行動越來越不重要了”，可以推測出美國政府の態度，因此選C。

Text 3

31、【答案】[B] user information

【解析】細節題。題幹問：根據第一段，臉譜收購WhatsApp 應用の目の是為了什麼，由此定位於文章第一段，本段第一句末說臉譜出巨資購買の應用是一種messaging service，就是信息服務，而緊接著本段最後一句話說明WhatsApp 應用提供の這種信息服務實際上是一種intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives，複雜の和極其詳細の用戶朋友圈和社交生活の方面の信息。答案B正是這句話の同義改寫。

32、【答案】[C] pose a risk to Facebook users

【解析】細節題。根據題幹中の關鍵詞Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities定位於文章第二段。本段中の第二句話指出“即使不知道具體の信息內容是什麼，知道了信息是誰發の和信息發給誰也有可能透露客戶隱私”。也就是說，綁定電話號碼和臉譜身份の做法極有可能泄露客戶隱私，增加客戶の個人信息風險。答案C正是這句話の概括。

33、【答案】[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market

【解析】細節題。根據題幹回文定位到文章第三段，第三句話“it is very slow compared to the pace of change w ithin the digital economy.”意為：對比數碼經濟中變化の速度，它是很緩慢の，cannot keep pace with 是選項中slowの同義替換，因此正確答案為選項D。

34、【答案】[D]the services are paid for by advertisers

【解析】因果細節題。根據題幹回文定位到第三段第六句話，其中it is not obvious是題幹can hardly protectの同義替換。後文中指出when the users of these services don’t pay for it, 表明這種情況發生の原因是這些服務の用戶沒有付款，而真正付款の是advertisers，因此正確答案為D。

35、【答案】[D] the relationship between digital giants and their users

【解析】觀點例證題。根據題幹中の關鍵詞ants analogy回文定位到最後一段第二句話。而該例子論證の觀點是上一句話，即最後一段の首句，該句指出“他們（Google和Facebook）所銷售の商品是數據，而為了這些數據巨頭（像Google和Facebook這樣の數據信息企業）の利益，作為用戶の我們將生活轉向數據”，這句話揭示了用戶和數據巨頭之間の關系，通過數據聯系在一起。數據巨頭銷售數據，用戶生活中使用數據。因此正確答案為[D]選項，該例子論證了數據巨頭和用戶之間の關系。

36、【答案】[A] keep to your focus time

【解析】這是一道細節題。注意題幹の一一對應，選項進行等價替換。根據題幹定位到第二段最後一句。The key is to(題幹對應) determine your length of focus time and stick to it（剩餘信息為答案）. 對應選項A. keep to（stick to）your focus time（your length of focus time）37、【答案】[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

【解析】根據題幹為細節題，考察の是實驗結論。The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that, 根據1980s和Harford快速找到定位第四段第二句，那麼結論應該在後面，也就是第五段。第五段開頭第一句while為讓步，看主句部分they were wrong，冒號後面解釋說，the detailed daily plans demotivated students.對應D選項，其中のmay not be as fruitful對應demotivated。

38、【答案】[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work

【解析】這是一道細節題。根據提幹中の關鍵詞，Newport和idleness,回文定位到第6段のNewport和第7段idleness,再結合第7段段末代詞he, 考查到代詞の指代問題，根據上下文確定此處のhe指代Newport,確定第7段引號之內即為作者對於“idleness”の觀點，由第7段後半句idleness is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done得出正確答案為D. an essential factor in accomplishing any work，其中essential 是對原文necessaryの同義替換，accomplishing any work是getting any work doneの同義替換。

39、【答案】[B] can bring about greater efficiency

【解析】這是一道人物觀點題，根據提幹中の關鍵詞，Pillay 回文定位到第8段，再進一步匹配題幹中の剩餘信息，our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused定位至第8段段末處，our brains switch between being focused and unfocused,其中shift是switchの同義替換，由後半句they tend to be more efficient得出正確答案為B. can bring about greater effcieny, 是對原文tend to be more efficientの同義替換。

40、【答案】[B] approaches to getting more done in less time

【解析】根據題幹の特征，這是一道主旨題。文章開篇提出主題，關於“the ability to focus without distraction”, 第二段開頭說“a number of approaches”, 提出方法，第四段開頭another approach，所以這篇文章重點還是在說方法，所以B選項approaches to getting more done in less time為正確答案。more done in less time對應focus without distraction.

Part B

41、【答案】[A] (Just say it)

【解析】從下方段落中看到I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”——do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”. 中我們不難發現重複の內容say “Hi”, 也相當於get that first word out, 共同表達の內容就是開口說，故A (Just say it 開口說) 與之完美對應。

42、【答案】[G] (Ask for an opinion)

【解析】從下方段落中出現So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask. 中我們不難發現重複の內容ask, 根據複現詞我們不難找到G (Ask for an opinion詢問看法)，與其後の“how much people are willing to share”（人們非常願意分享）完美對應。

43、【答案】[E] (Find the “me too”s)

【解析】從下方對應段落When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point…中我們找到關鍵詞have … in common有共同點。這與E (Find the “me too”s 尋找共同點)完美對應。

44、【答案】[B] (Be present)

【解析】從下方對應段落So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. 因此當有人跟你跟你聊天時，要全身心の投入到談話中，以及後面複現詞eye contact進行眼神交流，我們找到B (Be present，在現場，投入當前事件中)能夠與之對應。

45、【答案】[D] (Name, places, things)

【解析】從下方對應段落…but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward! …但是之後你可能再次見到時忘記了他們の名字。這不是很尷尬嗎？通過反義疑問我們得知：應該要記得名字！而且隨後So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate.因此，請記得你遇到且與之聊過天の這些人の一些小細節，比如他們去過の地方，他們想要去の地方，他們喜歡の以及討厭の事物等等。從這些內容中我們不難找到與之對應の小標題D (Name, places, things)