英译汉技巧练习

英译汉技巧练习

一词多义

poor

1.Cuba is indeed a poor country, but it intends to catch up.

2.The water is poor in oxygen.

3.The Department of Justice was reluctant to bring poor cases into court.

4.The outlook for détente is poor over the short time.

5.In my poor opinion, you’v e made a great mistake.

6.Other media closer to the scene dismissed Carter as a poor loser.

7.“Poor Mexico”, an old saying goes, “so distant from God, so close to The United States.”

8.She told me that she was a poor sailor and always went to bed immediately on getting on the boat. develop

9.This fear is that these minor clashes may develop into all-out confrontation.

10.When started out as a short story eventually developed into a full-scale novel.

11.Their casual acquaintance developed over time into a lasting friendship.

12.The whole project developed out of an idea that I had while I was in the States.

13.This exercise is designed to develop the shoulder and back muscles.

14.For some reason, the last film I took didn’t develop properly.

15.The study showed that one in twelve women is likely to develop breast cancer.

16. A good diet is essential for a child’s healthy growth and development.

17.There’s been a lot of housing development in the area.

词义褒贬

1.Hitler’s ambition to conquer the whole of Europe was doomed to fail.

2.Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work.

3.He is fidgety and restless.

4.All the inventors have a restless mind.

5.She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.

6.The old couple made a persistent effort to search for their daughter lost in the war.

7.He is respected by his people for his farsightedness.

8.I always consider him calculating and mercenary and did my best to avoid him.

9.Ford found that Zhou Enlai was a charming, polished, shrewd host. “Calculating,” Ford

added, “Strong, Extremely well-informed.”

10.To be something and somebody was Harriman’s fondest wish for his son.

11.When he hosted a grand party to celebrate the nation’s 2500th anniversary, he invited actually

everybody who was anybody, but mostly nobodies showed up.

12.When everybody is somebody, then nobody is anybody.

13.He found it difficult to get a job because a cloud always hung over his reputation.

14.Then, just as Chinese friends arrived who might secure my journey, the Russians arrested me as a

“spy” and sent me out through Poland. (Anna Louise Strong)

15.His splendid new car was the envy of all his friends.

词义引申

A.

1.It is regrettable that our appeal remains a dead letter.

2.Such conduct is known in all languages as piracy.

3.During the war, he was an embryo surgeon, and joined the mobile medical team.

4.I was not one to let my heart rule my head.

5.Application of laser in medicine is still in its infancy.

6.The wedding, which Heyward still remembered with pride, was attended by a Who’s Who of Boston

society.

7.The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era—the Industrial Age. Money had

become King.

8.I hope this concession of ours will set the ball rolling.

9.Sometimes, walking the street at night, I’ve been so desperate that I’ve made up my mind to win

the horse or lose the saddle.

10.Why are you rushing around like a chicken with its head cut off?

11.He gets up very early and sits up very late and is burning the candle at both ends.

12.I’d love to go out to lunch, but you know I’m living on a shoestring.

13. A nice enough young fellow, you understand, nothing upstairs.

14.The actress has her head turned.

15.Alice was a girl who always seemed to be in the clouds. When she got wind that a third exam was in the

wind, a cloud immediately passed over her face. For she had failed the last two and was under a cloud.

She knew for sure that she could not pass this one in a breeze either.“Oh, dear me!” she said to herself.

“It never rains but it pours.” But one second thought, she cried, “Maybe every cloud has a silver lining.

So I must have another try, rain or shine.”

B.

16.The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.

17.She is a valuable acquisition to the firm.

18.We are eager to benefit from your curiosity.

19.The hotel is a massive effort of stone, wood and concrete.

20.Action and foresight will be needed as well as brightness and ambition.

21.There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit

technology.

C.

22.When Edison tried to make the first carbon filament, he did not have the cards in his hands.

23.Promise me not to let the cat out of the bag and I’ll tell you.

24.Every day since I last wrote has been like its neighbor.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/804875905.html,st night I didn’t sleep well. I heard him driving his pigs to market.

26.She found the key she had lost last month, which was like a bolt from the blue.

27.The enemy’s Achilles’ heel was his harbour defense.

增译

A.

1.The best conductor has the least resistance and the poorest the greatest.

2.Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.

3.At the time of Kennedy’s assassination, Kissinger felt that a second term would have led either to

greatness or to disaster.

4.In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the

drafting of the final communiqué.

5.There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no“ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of

flowers.

6.He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.

7.Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.

8.Day after day he came to his work—sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.

9.Kissinger felt that Rogers was quibbling, but the lawyer in Nixon supported the quibble of a fellow

lawyer.

10.As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.

11.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

12.Geologists, scientists who study rocks, indicate the likely places to the oil drillers.

13.Then lieutenant G rub launched into the old recruiting routine, “See, save and serve! Hannigan, free tour

to all the ports in the world. A fine ship for a home. Three meals a day without charge… you mustn’t let

such a golden opportunity slip by.

B.

14.The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and

rockets.

15.The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of message.

16.After all preparations were made, the plane took off.

17.Thus he grew in body and soul.

18.Our place in the flows of global capital is equally central.

19.The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo.

20.From the evaporation of water people know that liquids can turn into gases under certain condition.

21.She was more royal than the royals.

C.

22.For mistakes had been made, bad ones.

23.Two, we heard later, were sent to college, at the government expense, while one, it was rumored, had

attempted to blackmail the Agency (CIA). Unsuccessfully.

24.Her family of 13 was so poor that a brother once tried to mold a Thanks-giving turkey out of a couple

of pounds of hamburger.

D.

25.I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release.

26.Whereas Kissinger had once needed Nixon as a channel to power, Nixon now needed Kissinger to help

him remain in power.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/804875905.html,rge as the room was, there was not floor space for all the puppies, so they were jumping onto tables

and chairs and piling up on top of each other.

28.Alice noticed, with some surprise, that the pebbles were all turning into little cakes as they lay on the

floor.

29.The curtain has parted; the mystery is being dispelled.

重复

A. Repetition for clearness

(1) Repetition of nouns

1.The signs of China’s influence and success abound in America. (Reagon)

2.I had experienced oxygen and / or engine trouble.

3.He became an oil baron—all by himself.

4.This has been our position—but not theirs.

5.All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess’ ultimate prize.

6.The use of poison gas is a clear violation of international law—in particular of the Geneva Convention.

7.It is important that all states should participate on the basis of full equality in the consideration of the

whole range of disarmament problems, relating to both nuclear and conventional weapons.

(2) Repetition of verbs

8.They covered the 19th century foreign intervention in China, Mao’s Long March in the mid-1930s, the

French and American revolutions.

9.But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing

on his family.

10.I owned a town house, a summer lodge in the mountains, a winter cabin in the desert, a car and a

driver’s license to take myself about.

11.He hopes, no doubt, that all this may be accomplished before the winter comes, and that he can

overwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and air-power of the United States may intervene.

(3) Repetition of nouns to which pronouns refer

12.Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.

13.Happy families also had their own troubles.

14.Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.

15.Each country has its own customs.

16.Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.

17.Whoever drives through the red light should be fined.

18.It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions.

But the fact is that they all social revolutions.

19.Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west.

Another was the application of machinery to farming.

B. Repetition for emphasis

20.Gentlemen may cry peace, peace—but there is no peace.

21.Prominent among the most prominent upon the most prominent shelf were series of splendidly bound

volumes entitled “Skinner’s Works.”

22.I have written in bed and written out of it, written day and night.

23.Loyal to every great cause and work he was engaged in, loyal to his friend, loyal to his family, loya l to

his country, loyal to his God…

24.If once virtue is lost, all is lost.

25.Year after year century after century the moon goes through its cycles.

C. Repetition for vividness

26.But there had been too much publicity about my case.

27.His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.

28.Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.

29.I was admittedly shy.

30.It was bright September afternoon, and streets of Now York were brilliant with moving men.

31.Whatever initial worries we had about the plane soon vanished.

省译

A.

1.He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.

2.But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.

3.He looked gloomy and troubled.

4.Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract.

5.If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.

6.Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.

7.The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.

8.I should like to make a brief statement regarding some of the considerations leading to our affirmative

vote.

9.One hundred thousand citizens in Hiroshima of Japan were killed by the first atomic bomb in the world.

10.To use microwave communication has many advantages, for example, the capacity is large, the

guarantee for secrecy is better, and the cost is low.

B.

11.University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.

12.Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical result of being able to

shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others.

13.In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant

struggle with nature.

14.He considered it (National Security Council) too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people

who talked too much.

15.There is no other month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in

the month of August.

16.“Remember, you are not any old Tom, Dick or Harry giving his opin ion. You’re a man who was sent

as a representative of the British Government.”

否定的陷阱

I. Partial / full negation

1.All that glitters is not gold.

2.All are not friends that speak us fair.

3.All materials are not fuels which burn.

4.Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and

receptionists are no longer automatically women.

5.The whole city was not occupied.

6.No ordinary student can solve the problem.

7.None of them is the man I saw last night.

8.Neither road will take you to the station.

II.Double negation

9.There is nothing that has not its opposite.

10.There is no evil without compensation.

11.There is no story without coincidence.

12.Today we cannot walk a few steps without noticing advertising.

13.There is nothing so difficult that it does not become easy by practice.

14.No cross, no crown.

15.No pains, no gains.

III. …but

16.That little bridge is anything but safe.

17.I will do anything but that.

18.I would come with you but that I am so busy.

19.No man is so old but he may learn.

20.His income is not so small but he can support his family.

21.The streets were not so crowded but our car could go through.

IV. There be + no + v-ing

22.There is no accounting for tastes.

23.There is no getting along with him.

24.There was no living in the island.

V. cannot…too

25.We cannot recommend this book too strongly.

26. A woman can never have too many hats, while a man can never have too many ties.

27.You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.

28. A book may be compared to your neighbour; if it be good, it cannot last too long; if bad, you

cannot get rid of it too early.

VI. Words with negative implication

29.He is the last person to tell a lie.

30.An actress is the last thing she will ever be.

31.I hope I have seen the last of her.

32.He is the last man to give up the experiment halfway.

33.She is the last person to trust with a secret.

34.Her name escaped me.

35.She seemed pale from the absence of all cosmetics.

36.The Secretary is absent in New York.

37.We were shocked by their ignorance of the latest development.

38.His demands are far from reasonable.

39.He is far from being discouraged, though his plan was miscarried.

VII. Others

40.The earth doesn't pull the kitten to it nearly as it pulls a big rock.

41.He never came anywhere near to knowing what it was.

42.It wasn’t half as good as that other restaurant we went to.

43.They do not conduct the dangerous experiment to serve their private interest.

44.The object didn't move because I pushed on it.

45.We don't consider melting or boiling to be chemical changes.

VIII. It + be + a / an + adj. + noun + that

46.It is a wise father that knows his own child.

47.It is a long lane that has no turning.

48.He is an ill husband who is not missed.

49.He is a good doctor who cures himself.

50.It is a bold mouse that nestles in a cat’s ear.

正说反译/ 反说正译

I.反说正译

1.There is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise.

2.Such window can never be more than half opened.

3.It makes no difference at all.

4.These scientists could not believe the two Curies more.

5.Yesterday I gave an unprepared speech before a big audience.

6.No one knows where the shoe pinches like the wearer.

7.He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.

8.Hitler’s undisguised effort to persecute the Jews met with worldwide condemnation.

II. 正说反译

9.Samples are on display only.

10.Staff Only

11.We are short of men.

12.Luck is against him.

13.We may safely say so.

14.She continued to look absently at the sea.

15.When Philip missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know what to do.

16.He kept this news to himself.

17.He was deaf to all advice.

18.The wall is bare of pictures.

19.The roads were clear of traffic.

20.Appearances are often deceptive.

21.The explanation is pretty thin.

22.It is hard to wind the matter up.

23.I know he meant business.

24.Everything goes amiss with him; he has certainly bad luck.

25.He evidently thinks otherwise.

26.I lay awake almost the whole night.

27.That’s a thing might happen to any man.

长句翻译

A. 顺拆法

1.His delegation agreed with the Executive Director that the fund should continue

working for a better understanding of the interrelationship between economic, social and demographic factors.

2.Mr.S.Giron welcomed the confirmation of the Programme’s tendency to intensify

its efforts in favour of the countries most seriously affected by current crisis.

3.Congress has made laws requiring most pressure groups to give information

about how much they spend and how they spend it, the amount and sources of funds, membership, and names and salaries of their representatives.

B. 倒拆法

4.It is a fact that the former U.S.S.R. has disintegrated into a number of small,

independent states.

5.His delegation welcomed the fact that UNDP was prepared to respond to

emergency needs as they rose, despite the basically long-term operations that

characterized those programmes.

6.Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to

sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.

C. 半倒拆法

7.Flooded with calls, the company is maximizing profits by handling in-city runs.

8.The six fields of activity outlined by the Executive Director at the 1600th meeting

for assisting future generations of children in the poorer countries were entirely acceptable.

9.Whatever the enthusiasm of the English, who seemed to believe that the Prime

Minister was making the long journey to do what Mr. Asquith and Sir Edward had failed to do in 1914—warn Germany that any aggression against a small

power would bring not only France but Britain into war against it—Hitler

realized, as the confidential German papers and subsequent events make clear, that Chamberlain’s action was a godsend to him.

10.She found herself minus the leg one week after consulting a doctor about a

persistent swelling she attributed to hard work and play in New York city—it was

an inoperable bone tumor. While it saved her life, an ensuing year of

chemotherapy reduced the once stunning model to a bald shadow of her former

self.

D. 抽词拆句法

11.The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is

incredible—about one in four.

12.Flying from Australia to Hong Kong, the tourist group then travelled thousands of

interest-filled miles through China by train.

13.All the way along the line, from the border right up to Peking, as far as the eye

could see, the countryside was literally covered up with a green carpet of growing

crops, holding a promise of bumper harvests.

14.During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year,

when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone,

on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country.

15.There was a troubled frown on his weather beaten face, which had been

disfigured by scars from a high wa y accident in which Rosealie’s parents had

been killed.

16.They are seated with their guests—army officers and government attachés and

their wives, and a visiting American naturalist—in their spacious dining room,

which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a

veranda.

被动与主动

一．动词的被动与主动

1．译成主动句

A. 主语不变

1.The whole country was armed in a few days.

2.The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.

3.He was not to be moved either by advice or entreaties.

4.In 1772 Jefferson brought his bride, Martha Wayles Skelton, to Monticello and the following September their

first child was born, also named Martha.

5.One minute ahead of schedule, a Boeing 707 bearing the legend Arab Republic of Egypt touched down a

runway — and history was made.

B. 增加/ 选择合适的主语

6.To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launched again and again.

7.It was believed that Edward Du Cann would throw his hat in the ring.

8.During the night of 30th-31st August, when the moon was already on the wane, Rommel’s threatened attack

was delivered.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/804875905.html,munications satellites were used for international living transmission throughout the world.

10.Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the

respective governments.

2. 译成无主句

11.Something must be done to end the strike.

12.Very often, introductions are made using both first and last names.

13.Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed.

14.The matter was never mentioned again.

3. 译成被动句

A. 用“被”字翻译

15.The company was enjoined from using false advertising.

16.Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.

17.In a clear reference to the Baghdad summit, President Sadat said, “Egypt is always capable with God’s help

to isolate rather than to be isolated.”

18.“I had brought the press to tears,” Kissinger recalled, “having six appointments a day, every day, and never

saying a word. They had to stand there in that heat watching me go in, come out, go in, come out, and never saying anything.”

B. 用“为…所，遭（遇，到，受），受到，获，由，给，让，加以，予以”等词翻译

https://www.360docs.net/doc/804875905.html,st year, the region was visited by the worst drought in forty years.

20.Such conduct will be looked down upon by all with sense of decency.

21.The visitor was flattered and impressed.

22.The Secretary was aware that final decisions must be held open for the President.

23.He was released immediately after Batista fled Cuba.

24.He was described as impressed by Teng’s flexibility.

4. 译成“是”或“把”字句

25.My first thirty years were spent in Western America.

26.Currently most solar cells are made from crystals of high-purity silicon.

27.The credit system in A merica was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.

28.Nationalized in 1951 by a Labor government, the British steel industry was denationalized by the

Conservatives in 1953, then renationalized by Labor in 1967.

二．分词的主动与被动

1．现在分词

29.Walter, who has the same deep voice and engaging smile as his brother, went on to become a well-to-do

businessman, and now lives on Long Island.

30.It seemed a time of opportunity, both national and personal, but for Kissinger it turned out to be a frustrating

experience.

31.Deng, at times, was also totally disarming

32.From his early twenties to his early thirties, Truman was a farmer—not a gentleman farmer but a working

farmer.

33.As the seniority system has broken down, all members have found their jobs more demanding.

2．过去分词（及物动词）

34.He distributed newspapers for the anti-Nazi underground, was put on a list of “wanted persons” and had to

hide out in the home of the archbishop until the country was liberated.

35.The threatened cutting of prices has been averted, or at least postponed.

36.It had been suggested that the first baby Franklin, who had always been a bottle-baby, might have been

stronger and better able to stand his illness if he had been breast-fed.

三．形容词的主动与被动(-tive / -able)

37.They stood at a respectful distance from the President.

38.The local audience was most receptive.

39.He said the meeting was informative.

40.He is scrupulous about collecting diverse views but is often unbudgeable once he has settled on his course.

词性转换

一．名词转成动词

1.Some students in our school are good writers.

2.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.

3. A fire in the neighbour’s house can easily bring disaster to everyone.

4.Experts said the Duke study is more evidence that physical exercise can help protect the person’s

health.

5.Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.

6.Arrogance and complacence turned out to be his ruin.

7.The skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power.

二．介词转成动词

8.This is a specific remedy against asthma.

9.He is after neither fame nor gain.

10.The pen is made after Parker.

11.He went abroad after scientific knowledge.

12.They danced gently to the music.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/804875905.html,lions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.

14.Their report should be before the British -and French governments tonight.

三．形容词转成动词

15.He said the meeting was informative.

16.They were news-hungry.

17.Back salary leads to back rent.

18.The manager is grateful to the customers for their valuable suggestions.

19.We are hopeful of success in this experiment.

四．副词转成动词

20.I must be off now.

21.The performance is on.

22.The librarian told me that the book was out.

五．名词转成形容词

23.In Europe, Heath’s name was well known, if not household word.

24.The spokesman admitted the feasibility of the American proposals.

25.Hearing Debs was an experience.

26.They say my story is a yawn.

六．动词转成名词

27.They thought differently.

28.The sun heats and feeds mankind.

29.His address impressed me deeply.

30.Edison patented over one thousand separate inventions during his life.

31. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an A merican, got into the car.

七．形容词转成名词

32.The fittest survive.

33.The new treaty would be good for ten years.

34.Hospitals are getting more efficient these days.

八．名词转成副词

35.They returned game and glee.

36.The man nodded with satisfaction.

37.He had the kindness to show me the way.

九．副词转成形容词

38.Hopefully, it will be done early next month.

39.She looked at me expectantly.

十．名词用作动词

40.Sandwiched between the tripartite meetings were separate bilateral sessions, between the U.S. and

Egypt and between the U.S. and Israel.

41.The mayor tried to Richard Nixon the tapes of the meeting.

42.We’d stand on line and wait for hours, smiling and Uncle Tomming every time a doctor or a nurse

passed by.