TOEFL听力词汇
TOEFL 听力_ 大Lecture 中必须掌握的词汇
社会科学：1.Economy and bussiness(经济与商业)(1)regulation）1（market pattern(市场形态)---self-sufficient economy自给自足的自然经济---a pure free market economy自由的市场经济（no government intervention/involvement没有政府的干预= 并列关系Free competition自由竞争---monopoly垄断---anti-trustlegislation反托拉斯立法-反垄断---transportation—railroad—oil---financial）---a central government controled/administrated economy计划经济---mixed economy混合经济（social regulation宏观调控---A. aim/purposea. to aviod monopoly宏观调控[make profits挣利润]b.to aviod fraud(经济上欺诈)c.to maintain the stability/saftyof the societyd.to aviod the manipulationfrom the stock holders,security holders and futureholders(股票，证券，期货的恶意操控)---financialmarket(微观调控)B.methoda.tax/taxationernment:spending/expenditure(支出) (2)demand and supply）1（valuation regulation价值规律---考点：relation, case study/analysis(案例研究，分析)---把握目的，位置决定目的（revaluation/appreciation升值；devaluation贬值）(3)marketing(营销) strategy(战略)）1（M & A=merge and accquisition兼并和重组---A.brand sense品牌理念=brand name+artificial meaning/concept/notation(品牌理念)√[case]B.mass media method大众传播手段---advertisement；commercial(特制电视商业有偿广告)；Interneta.logo(商标)b.spokepersonc.introduction(spokesperson---celebrity)d.slogan(标语)---concept(理念)C.contrast对比[cases]---10—记字头D.brand---loyalty品牌忠诚度a.attempt试用b.expansion of productsc.platform平台E.localization本土化（对于跨国公司，跨地公司）a.taste品位b.culture/belief信仰c.cunsumer-testing消费心理，消费习惯公司规模：Agency/firm---company---corporation,enterprise---JV=Joint Venture合资企业---MNC=Multinational Corporation跨国公司(4)business management---human resource(人力资源)[case---e-Person=executive-person高管]---CEO（首席执行官），CFO（首席财政官），CTO （首席技术官），COO（首席运营总监），CAO（游戏公司-首席娱乐总监）A.qualities.---各种执行官pany---success/failureC.theory理论2.Philosophy(哲学)听力中4位有名的哲学家：Socrates(苏格拉底), Plato(柏拉图), Aristotle(亚里士多德), John Dewey(约翰杜威)建树是不变的：(1)Socrates苏格拉底(被绞死)：---柏拉图的老师规律：谈到苏格拉底必谈柏拉图metaphysics(形而上学派)(2)Plato柏拉图《The Republic》理想国---柏拉图最著名的著作，其实是他和他老师苏格拉底共同的功绩：Academy：西方哲学史上，开创了第一家讲哲学思想的学堂：“学源”---1.教育Education---2.伦理道德Ethics(3)Aristotle亚里士多德：）1（他的哲学思想遍及领域之广无人能及方面：physics, natural science, politics, arts, poetics(诗学)）2（但大多数哲学思想在后来一一被推翻）3（是西方哲学思想的奠基人---积极评价）4（当晚年只研究一个领域---伦理道德Ethics---幸福happiness(4)John Dewey约翰杜威---pragmatics实用主义哲学---education教育（专门研究）（philosopher哲学家, thinker思想家, educator教育家））1（率先提出了教育应该全民教育(no social rank education)-无差别，无社会等级教育）2（理论联系实际(“put into practice” theory)）3（个人教育可以带动全民教育(individual education)3.Art History(难题，艺术历史)---所有艺术史文章的考点：该艺术时期的最大特点(hallmark)代表人物(person)代表作品(work)代表人物的第一人第一作(first)诞生的背景和后期给社会带来的影响(background+effect)鼎盛时期的发展情况(peak,summit Baroque巴洛克时期---Music,Fine Arts,Architecture---考点：emotional感性艺术,extreme ornamentation极端的装修装饰dissonance对称,中轴线（又臭又长）Music：(1)trill(颤音)/grace notes修饰音符(2)orchestra(管弦乐队)/symphony(交响乐队)(3)F(发)/B(西)---音名---semi-tone半音阶的使用(4)Opera(歌剧)---鼎盛时期(5)concerto(协奏曲)，sonata(奏鸣曲)Music代表人物：Monteverdi Claudio蒙特威尔第.克劳迪奥！！---歌剧之父，巴洛克音乐之父代表作：Orfeo/Orfio《奥菲欧》鼎盛时期：Technique-oriented纯技术导向的---只有技术没有艺术---以歌剧(Opera)为最Choir唱诗班/巴洛克前期的合唱团---唱merit(赞美歌)---早期用童男童女(纯洁)鼎盛时期比的是谁唱的大声唱的高(男的变声)---出现阉人歌手(eunuch performer/singer)后期分声部(V oices)—理性时期---tenor男高音baritone男中音soprnao男低音mezzo-soprnao女高音alto女中音，女低音Arts：鲁本斯(Robins)---是欧洲第一个巴洛克式的画家---代表作品：Bless Peace《祝福和平》---巴洛克美术之父鼎盛时期：先炫技：比颜色的艳丽(多)---color，线条的复杂性---line complexity 后炫画布(canvas)后期都回归理性Architecture：Appliance实用性—所以不存在过于“炫”特点：(1)huge pillar大型立柱(2)Floating sculpture浮雕(3)mural/fresco壁画Renaissance文艺复兴时期---理性艺术rational art----哲学中也考（内容一样）启蒙运动Enlightenment---相互影响，时间上启蒙运动先人性humanismb 达芬奇Da Vinci美德merit by nature艺术与科学art scienceImpressionism意象派---哲学中也考（乌托邦派utopianism/理想主义派idealism）只限于绘画和音乐---特点：utopianism乌托邦派/idealism理想主义派abstract抽象Imagination/illusion幻想No accompany无伴奏Vague coloration模糊色彩处理Romantics浪漫主义---偏文学---关键词：(1)elaboration修辞(2)Romantic≠love---会进行对比comparison…(3)Wordsworth的生平(life)---最鼎盛时期是早期作品的第一阶段---文章容易出题Work(代表作)-早期第一阶段-代表作不确定Drama戏剧---Neo-classics新古典主义Performance表演艺术Actor/actoress演员Theater舞台（装饰）---注意比较概念---容易出题Compared with Romantic和浪漫主义进行对比注意听：Difference；Advantages/Disvantages：strengh/weakness演员，舞台设计搭配之间的优劣点代表人物：Wordsworth华兹华斯Photorealism照片写实主义---Fine Art---VS---Impressionism---写实，关键，特点：(1)Detail细节(2)reflection:mirror/window镜像画代表人物：七类代表人物---听到新人就记4.History and Anthropology5.Mass Communication(大众传播)6.Political Science地球科学：1.地质地理题：山---Alps阿尔卑斯山Amdes安第斯山脉Rockies罗基山脉Applachians阿巴拉奇亚山Cascades卡斯卡达山脉St.Helens圣海伦斯山山的考法：(1)formation/age形成方式和年代的概念---注意数字(height,length,altitude,age)Range；mountain ranges山脉）1（collision of tectonic plates板块的挤压，碰撞（原因：Plate Tectonic板块构造说Continental Drifting大陆漂移学说Plate movementHotspot热力点 temperature---crust,mantle,core---在mantle---有lava/magama---导致Plate movment）2（during volcanic eruption/action火山爆发（原因：rock---cool downigneous rock火山岩(2)volcano---eruption/erupt考点：classification分类）1（eruption cycle喷发周期（三种火山：active volcano活火山Inactive/extinct volcane死火山Dormant volcane休眠火山=潜在的活火山）2（eruption intensity喷发强度（两种火山：shield volcano盾状火山---没事喷着玩由火山结构决定特点：形状像盾牌，喷发周期短，喷发强度小Composite volcano复式火山---很多层---导致火山的内部压强大(pressure)密度大(density)特点：喷发周期强，喷发强度大听的方法：听火上的类型(type)；听火上的位置(与山的关系---与哪个山相连)(location—other mountain)次生灾害(productive disasters)---火山灰(ash cloud/volcanic ash)地震(earthquake)山崩(landslide)------常说道：Cascade是雪山---终年低温常年积雪---雪崩(avalanche)泥石流(mudslide)杀生(kill creatures)听调查和调查者(survey&research reaults)听火山由静到动的过程(process)湖(Great Lakes)---五大湖---最大湖：Superior最西边----背的方法：SHMEO二大湖：Huron三大湖：Michigan---全部湖水面积都在美国本土第四湖：Erie第五湖：Ontraio最东边都属于：Freshwater lake淡水湖=Sweetwater lake最常考点：咸淡对比---湖水文章经常对比的出题---盐湖saltwater lake---Great Salt Lake位于Utah---容易对比对比方面：(1)date(2)structure---outlet出口—出盐分(3)climate---evaporation amount蒸发量(4)prehistoric lake史前湖---eg：Great Salt lake---Bonnevile Lake邦纳维尔湖海---考点：(1)oceanic volcanic island海洋火山岛---火山周围的海容易长atoll(环状珊瑚岛)---tropical热带，sub-tropical亚热带容易长常见：lagoon泻湖---海洋火山经过长时间的风化侵蚀没了，但是珊瑚还在，造成珊瑚岛周围的海水稳定高---适合mass spawn大规模产卵(2)oceanic current洋流---plankton浮游生物---洋流的交汇可以使得大量的浮游生物的营养物质翻转---特点：死后释放出毕生所吸收的所有海洋元素，供下一代浮游生物享用---靠喝水存活(吸收海水中nutrition)---冷暖流(cold current/warm current)结论：1.temperature gap---温度差horizontal movement2.density gap---密度差verticle movement(3)iceberg/glacier冰山，冰川---冰山顶：ice cap冰底：ice bottom冰层：ice layer/ice sheet）1（formation process形成（核心词：refrozen再冻---remelt再化的循环circulation---把Air---compress挤出(weight主要原因是重力) ）2（movement运动（核心词：velocity速度）3（condition条件（A.frozen snow冻雪B.conserved/permanent low temperature常年低温C.frozen snow→frequently→fern积雪=accumulated snow）4（enviroment/ecology环境和生态（关键方面：climate/landscape）矿石洞：石(rock)：igneous rock火成岩，火山岩（lava---cool down）Sedimentary rock沉积岩，水成岩（eroded by sea/water/ocean water）Metamorphic rock变质岩（stress压力/pressure压强/heat高温）矿(ore)---element(元素)：Oxygen氧气Nitrogen氮Silicon硅（注意读法）Carbon碳Aluminum（注意读法）Calcium钙（注意读法）Sodium钠Iron铁Potassium钾Magnesium镁Titanium钛Hydrogen氢Chloric氯Amino氨Methane甲烷Lead铅Oxide(氧化物)：Monoxide一氧化物Dioxide二氧化物Trioxide三氧化物Peroxide过氧化物洞(cave)---cave-man原始人(1)solution cave酸溶洞（weak/mild acid由中酸，弱酸溶解而成的）(2)sea cave（eroded by water经水侵蚀）(3)lava cave（after volcanic action火山运动之后）2.天文学(Astronomy)(1)9 planets---Mercury水星；Venus金星；Earth地球；Mars火星；Jupiter木星；Saturn土星；Uranus天王星；Neptune海王星；Pluto冥王星(2)solar system太阳系Earth-moon system地月系Galaxy星系(3)luminous/ring/aurora(4)Earth-shape形状/revolution转动生命科学：1.Fly苍蝇：特点：visual systm视觉系统(compound eye复眼)复眼结构(structure)：成千上万的晶状体小眼(ommatidium)构成了一个复眼，并且附着在复眼的表面上复眼特点(features)：时好时坏(1)在一定视觉范围内，复眼对于动态事物高度敏感，静态事物高度近视(2)不能分辨组合图形和立体事物---只能看到平面的2.Bat蝙蝠：特点：auditory system听觉系统器官(organ)：inner ear内耳；tympana中耳；auricle外耳；auditory canal听管；vibrating membrane/disc震动鼓膜、骨盘；eardrum耳膜器官特点(feature)：inner ear→pronunciation/different sound/signalTympana→passage只是声音的通道，预防内耳的病Auricle→collect waves收集声波,decoration装饰(mammal哺乳动物---才有外耳)Auditory canal→birds鸟类(长一个或者两个)Vibrating membrane/disc→蛙跳类动物---decoration装饰有的长在knee膝盖/gill腮→考点：只能辨别声音的存在不能辨别声音的含义，内容蝙蝠专有：Echolocation回声定位系统---利用ultarsound超声波3.defensive system防御系统---monarch butterfly黑脉精斑蝶(1)camouflage伪装Eg:monarch butterfly---特点：在太阳光的照射下，金斑变成惨绿色斑点，与绿叶颜色相同濒临灭绝原因---endangered insect：---等死）1（bump撞死）2（caterpillar---color,horizontal stripe有彩色，横条状---挑食---饿死starve）3（pollinator传粉者---只对着一朵花采，直到采死花为止---nectar花蜜，花粉---被花农毒死(爱恨交加---采的速度快)Disguise伪装：）1（environmental color环境色相一致---最常变绿色）2（location color位置颜色(2)mobbing围攻）1（group living=gregarious residence群居）2（small…没有固定说法---体积弱小）3（predator→prey(叫人)---turnover逆转predator←prey捕食者--被捕食者(3)warning color警告色Natural enemy’s color A黑→B白→C红---evolution进化---导致C遇到B时自然的变成了“黑色”---起到了防御的作用两种情况使得警告色失效：）1（时间长了知道了，聪明---不多见）2（B动物饿疯了(4)poison liquid/gas =毒液，毒气。
TOEFL听力词组精选
TOEFL听力词组精选89.1e around to my point of view.2.How about keeping the noise level down in here?3.take a makeup exam.4.Are there enough assignment sheets to go around?5.Wasn’t that the city bus that’d just pulled away(drive away)?6.I can’t decide whether to take anthropology or geology this term. It’s six of one and half of a dozen of the other.89.81.She never wakes up before her alarm goes off.2.Ronald has to renew his passport because it is expired.3.The president’s speech was tho ught-provoking,wasn’t it?4.That’s the last thing I needed.5.get it over with.6.native American.7.drop some of the courses.8.go through the proper channel.9.Boy!(感叹词)10.play it by ear.11.It remains to be seen...12.save wear and tear on ...1.cash a check.2.The report is all ready to be typed.3.help-wanted section.4.hang around.5.Socrates(苏格拉底)6.I hope this isn’t catching.(富有感染力)7.They are rare breed.91.51.Don’t you think it would be wise to review how much we’ve spen t to date?e swimming with me?Sorry,but I’m up to my neck in work.91.81.She said the demonstration(示范教学) begins at 8 o’clock,didn’t she?2.Better than half the class was absent.3.I spent the last 48 hours cramming for it.4.How about reviewing the notes now over a cup of coffee.(一边...一边...)5.I’m just taking it one step at a time.(gradually)91.101.Susan is head and shoulders above the rest of us.2.May I have a package of safety pins(别针),please?3.The art museum shop has all sorts of prints (版画)that are inexpensive and93.1st night I tossed and turned in bed,too exhausted to sleep.2.She went back to classes right after she was released from the hospital.3.Your hard work won’t go unrewarded.4.finish his biology project.5.raise the roof6.That’s an amazing sculpture,isn’t it?You can say that again.7.The weather forecast is for rain tomorrow.8.He can get away with that?9.Where did you put the iron?93.31.would you care to leave a message?2.Was that ever an impressive performance!3.Save the explanation.4.at the circulation desk.5.I’m finished.6.dissertation7.administration building.93.51.register for2.renovation3.infirmary doesn’t stock prescription medicines4.This is a great restaurant.Isn’t it ever!5.They are building a new shopping center near my house.Not another one.6.I’m lucky I made it to the exam on time.7.furnish the report93.71.It’s unlike Diane to be so inconsiderate.2.The rain will probably let up in a little while.3.I am going in any event.4.I’m sorry I returned your course guide too late for your class at 10. That’s OK,I looked on with a friend.5.I don’t imagine you have the pocket calculator I could use.6.What a shame!(真倒霉)7.two-hour reserve in the library.93.81.He doesn’t exercise because he likes to.2.You ought to see a doctor about that cough right away.3.Can you fit me in on (把...详情告诉)what we’re doing for art history?4.Is attendance required?5.I couldn’t get to a phone.93.10(北美)1.I preferred to sit in an aisle seat.2.Martin is looking into the possibility of getting a loan.3.You need to spell out clearer instructions for me.4.I was under the impression that they were sold out a long time ago.93.101.drop off to sleep2.The meeting has been postponed until further notice.3.Just between you and me.(keep it as a secret)4.credentials(证件,文凭)5.pull down the shade(窗帘)6.receive a standing ovation.7.take this matter up again.8.get this desk in order.9.clear it off94.11.The salesperson misled the price tag.2.It pays to take a look at the laboratory manual(实验室说明) before a class3.Do you have any idea what this notice is about?I’m as in the dark as you are.4.Don’t be too hard on him,he was only tryi ng to help.5.You really should get more exercise,Hellen.Well,look who’s talking.6.Some of the younger students seemed quite aggressive(有闯劲) in the meeting.Yes,they really took over when it came to the issue of voting rights.95.11.Lee won the chess match hands down.(易如反掌)2.When you interrupted me,you made me lose my train of thought.(思路)3.anything but/nothing but4.I didn’t write that memo to the department chair to amuse myself.5.slip one’s mind6.I think I’ll put on that music now.7. I heard John was turned down for the graduate fellowship.(研究生奖学金)8.Mike promised he ’d help on this rush job.But he never showed up.Some friend he is.(否定)95.51.How come Micheal’s always groaning about something?2.To think I was once interested in becoming a veterinarian.(注意语气,怎么会这样的意思)95.5(NA)1.How did you make out on your last exam?2.It’s not altogether certain that we will be able to attend the wedding.3.A landscape crew is coming today to chop it down.4.I’ll keep an eye on it.5.I finally thought of a way to start my report.Put it on paper before you forget.6.It’s so dry in this building,my lips are cracked.7.When does your new sofa arrive? Any day now.8.The seam in my coat sleeve is starting to come undone.95.121.My roommate and I decided that this year we’d stay put.(remain in the sameplace)2.The computers in the student center are always tied up.3.Ted,would you be interested in serving on the membership committee this year?Uhm,Can I get back to you on that?4.I am low on laundry detergent.(be short of)5.Everyone is raving about the new film at the center theater.Yeah.I hear it’s quite something.6.What a gorgeous jacket.It must have cost a fortune.Not at all.It’s a hand-me-down.96.51.I’m ca lling to see if the summer position you advertised in the paper isstill available?2.Did you hear that Micheal turned down that job?Yeah.The hours were convenient,but she wouldn’t have been able to make en ds meet.3.brown paper(牛皮纸)4.We’ve bee n working on this proposal for so long that my eyes are startingto blur.5.Everybody needs to take a break every once in a while.6.I thought Pam said the math test wasn’t until Monday.Ellen,you should know better than to take Pam’s words for anyth ing.7.The clubs are about three hundred dollars in the red(赤字).8.off to the golf course96.81.I am being tested on it tomorrow.2.student discount(学生打折)3.Those packages took forever to arrive.4.a great antique show at the grand auditorium.5.D on’t you think you are overreacting a bit?6.bump into7.be good with8.check it out in your reference book.9.I have to type all these reports by Monday morning.There goes your sleep this weekend.10.Did you get traveler’s checks to take on your va cation?Yeah,it sure beat carrying around a wallet for big bills.11.I’ve had enough of this museum.96.101.Do you have the racket I could borrow?I do but it has a broken string.(have it restrung)2.I thought this shirt was a great deal but I washe d it once and it’sshrunkso much that I can’twear it.Some bargain.You should ask for a refund.3.be on crutches4.I think they twisted the meaning of what he said.5.Could I talk to you for a minute about the discrepancy I found in thisgraph?I’m kind of in the middle of things right now.6.tie up the phone7.just remember how hectic your freshman year was.8.There is nothing wrong with the diets per se (本身)but they have to combine with exerciseto do any good96.121.I have been overwhelmed by my history paper.2.Are your allergies acting up again?3.She really outdid herself this time.e in handy(be useful)5.have one’s heart set on something(be determined to do sth)6.I thought the doctor said you should stay off your foot until the swellinggoes down.7.wait on(take care of)8.invest in(buy)97.81.do the dishes2.on the honor’s list3.If you could,would you please trade places with your sister? Yeah.She’s got it made.(she is quite successful)4.Don’t you wa nt to have dinner before you go to your evening class? I’ll grab a snack at the break.That should hold me over till I get back.普林斯顿样提31.in the locker2.work late/work overtime/work after hours3.I’ll make sure the house is spotless.4.graduate with honours.(以优异成绩毕业)5.kill time.6.Now’s a good time as any.7.check the papers.8.Tim really seems to go through a lot of money,doesn’t he?Like water,and he has nothing to show for it.9.We are out of cream and sugar.If you want any coffee,you’ll have to drinkit black.I’ll pass,then.10.green badge(徽章)。
1992年08月TOEFL托福听力文字
92年8月托福听力文字PART A1.She learned to use the computer on her own.2.The art history class is one I never miss.3.Carolyn's favorite sport used to be golf,but now it's rennis.4.You returned the book this morning,right?5.She was about to go to sleep when the phone rang.6.The game was tied until John scored the winning point.7.To act as rudely as Mark did is unforgivable.8.I just sat there and ate,too hungry to say a word.9.From now on,I refuse to put up with your silliness.10.They should look for that magazine at the newsstand.11.The flowers in the window really brighten my spirits.12.If I'd brought a second pen,I wouldn't have to borrow yours.13.Don't you think Mike will succeed in the organic chemistry course?14.The school bus drivers are handing our schedules.15.If he had just paid more attention this morning.16.We reached home while it was still light outside.17.To think she's been here six weeks already.18.You will be able to meet these people by and by.19.It took Mary twice as long as usual to drive to work.20.I want to see the view,too.PART B21.M:I thought this book was going to be really boring.W:But it's actually quite fasinating,isn't it?Q:What does the woman say about the book?22.M:This is hopeless.These figures still don't add up right.Let's do the calculations over again. W:Yes,but why not do them tomorrow.It's very late now.Q:What does the woman mean?23.W:I think Tom left his umbrella on the bus.M:Why he's so irresponsible is beyond me.Q:What does the woman say about Tom?24.M:Professor Joans,when can we meet to discuss my grade?W:Would four o'clock be all right?Q:What does the professor mean?25.M:My chemistry project is in trouble because my partner and I had totally different ideas about how to proceed.W:You should try to meet each other half way.Q:What does the woman suggest that the man do?26.M:I have to look for a room to rent.W:How about trying Caders?Tey usually have a long list of places.Q:Where will the man probably go?27.W:Did you and Amanda really meet exactly,five minutes to two in front of the theatre?M:Yes,we were both there on the dot.Q:What does the man mean?28.W:Should we ask Paul to pick up our clothes at the dry cleaners?M:Why not,it's right on his way home.Q:What does the man mean?29.W:Well,you cleaned out the refrigerator this time.You must have beenreally hungry.M:All did was fix a snack.There weren't many leftovers from yesterday.30.M:Catherine is taking a microbiology course this semester.W:Should she be taking that this year?Q:What does the woman imply that Catherine should be doing?31.M:We just saw Joe when we were in New York.W:Really,what's new with him?Q:What does the woman want to know?32.M:Hey,where did you find that journal?I need it for my research too.W:Right here,but don't worry,I'll take it out on my card for both of us.Q:Where is this conversation probably taking place?33.W:Eggs are supposed to be one of the most healthful foods.M:Next to potatoes.Q:What does the man mean?34.W:Fill could you give me a hand with this file cabinet?It belongs against the wall,next to the bulletin boardM:At your service.Q:What are the speakers doing?35.M:Harry can sure play baseball.W:Can't he,thoughQ:What does the woman mean?PART CGood morning,students,the school bulletin lists this course as a required writing courrse fir second-years students.This does nto mean the first-year or third-year students may not take it.What it means is that those of you who have never learned how to write a research paper ought to be here,and those of you who already know how shouldleave immediately and sign up for another Enlish course.I hope to cover the entire process of writing a researel paper from selecting a topic to putting together the final former and presentation.I'll be here to help you every step of the way.But it is your responsibilty to hand in each assignment or time.Your final grade will be the grade yu receive on your paper.36.Who was the speaker?37.For whom is the course intended?38.What does the speaker ask the students to do who have already learned to write a research paper?Question 39-42M:Did you know that astronauts have made commercial products in space?W:No,I wasn't aware of that.What kind of products?M:Tiny plastic beads.W:Beads?Do you mean to tell me that astronauts have nothing better to do than make jewelry beads in space?I seems to me they could make more useful things out there.M:Oh,but these beads aren't for jewely.They can be used for many scientiffic purposes,from conducting cancer research to calibrating microscopes.W:That sounds better,But why make such objects in space rather than on earth?M:Because earth gravitational pull affects the beads.The beads produced on earth are distorted,not exactly round.The ones made in space are precise spheres.39.What are the speakers mainly discussing?40.According to the conversation,what is the likely use for thebeads?41.According to the man,why did astronauts make the beads in space?42.What material were the beads made of?Question 43-46Today,I would like to begin by discussing early European settlement along one of our well-known rivers,the Hudson,which empties into the Atlantic to form New York bay.The Hudson river has a couple of interesting physical features that made it very attactive for settlement by the Europeans.The first is that the river extends inland from the Atlantic Ocean for more than 150 miles with no waterfalls or rapids,Its surface is virtually flat for that entire distance,with to obstacles.Secound,the whole 150-mile stretch is infuenced by tides from the Atlantic Ocean.Roughly every six hours the river reverses direction.flwoing north when the tide is rising and south toward the ocean when the tide is going down.Obviously there were no obstacles to prevent settles from moving farther upstream on the Hudson river,and this explains why the Dutch penetrated so far inland.They were the first Europeans to settle in the Hudson valley.Of course,to go upsteeam,the Dutch settlers needed the right kind of boat,and so to navigate the reiver,they design a soon with only one mast but with two salls,one rigged in front of the mast and on behind,The mast was very tall,in many cases over 100 feet tall so that the large salls could catch winds blowing above the shore line hills.Hudson river sloops carried passengers and cargo.The cargo ranging form coal,lumber and hay to fruit,vegetables and livestock.Travelling onlly ten milles an hour in a good wind,the sloop was not too speedy by modern standards,but it was ideally suited to the Dutch settlement,and in fact when the steam boat eventually was introduced,it couldn't keep up with the sloop.43.What attracted the Europeans to the Hudson river area?44.What is the characteristic of the first 150 miles inland on the Huadon river?45.How do tides form the Atlantic Ocean influence the Hudson river?46.Accourding to the speaker,why did Hudson river sloops have tell masts?Question 47-50M:HelloW:Hello,this is Susan Wilson.May I speak to Greg Robinson please?M:Hi,Susan,it's Greg,What can I do for you?W:Well,I'm calling about the theater group I belong to,the PRinceton Players,we are looking for more people to join us,expecially men and I thought you might be interested.M:Oh,gosh,you know how much I love acting,but I'm taking some very hard courses,I might be able to learn my part,but I would hardly have time to come to tine rehearsals.W:Well actuallymwe rehearse only one night a week,thursdays from seven to ten,though we would have to put in extra time before performance.M:Only once a week you say,Well could you give me time to think it over?W:Sure,but look,why don't you come and watch our rehearsal next Thursday?I think you will like the way we work,When you see how much fun it is,you will join right away.M:Okay,I'll come to a rehearsal,but I can't promise more than that,W:Great.I'll give you a call on Wednesday to remind you Talk to you then,bye now.M:Bye Susan.47.Whay does Suan think Greg might be interested in the theater group?48.How often does the group rehearse?49.Whay does Greg ask for time to think about whether be will join the group?50.What does Suan expect Greg to do?。
toefl ibt词汇 2.0
toefl ibt词汇2.0
托福ibt 词汇 2.0 指的是托福网考（Internet-Based Test）所需的词汇量在 2.0
万左右。
托福考试主要测试考生在学术英语中的阅读、听力、写作和口语能力，因此需要掌握一定量的学术英语词汇。
具体来说，托福ibt 词汇 2.0 包括以下几个方面：
1.阅读部分：需要掌握约1 万个词汇，其中学术词汇约有3000 个左右。
这些词汇涉
及各种学科领域，如自然科学、社会科学、人文科学等。
2.听力部分：需要掌握约1 万个词汇，其中学术词汇约有4000 个左右。
这些词汇主
要涉及学术讲座、课堂讨论、学术报告等场景。
3.写作部分：需要掌握约8000 个词汇，其中学术词汇约有2000 个左右。
这些词汇
用于写作学术论文、综合写作任务等。
4.口语部分：需要掌握约6000 个词汇，其中学术词汇约有1500 个左右。
这些词汇
用于进行学术讨论、课堂发言等。
需要注意的是，托福ibt 词汇 2.0 只是一个大致的参考数字，实际考试中所需
的词汇量还会根据考生自身的英语水平和考试难度而有所不同。
因此，考生在备考过程中，除了记忆托福词汇书中的词汇外，还需要注重提高自己的英语基础和阅读、听力能力，以更好地应对托福考试。
托福听力情景词汇PDF版全套大全
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福听力情景词汇PDF版全套大全摘要：托福听力考试中会出现很多的场景，场景中我们会遇到很多的词汇，这些词汇我们应该如何进行备考呢，今天小编就为大家准备了托福听力情景词汇PDF版全套大全，我们一起来看看吧。
今天小编为大家准备的资料是托福听力情景词汇PDF版全套大全，里面包含很多的情景词汇，词汇是托福听力考试比较重要的部分，希望这份资料能帮助大家备考。
场景词汇：Discussion课堂讨论, presentation课堂展示, topic主题, lecture讲座/课程, good choice明智的选择, slide幻灯片, library图书馆, collection藏书，资料收集, check核实, librarian图书管理员Report报告, office hour办公时间, submit提交, on disk磁盘提交, hard copy打印版, soft copy邮件发送, computer计算机, print,打印 computer lab机房Project作业, ton of大量, cover涵盖, re-write重写, research data调查数据, information信息, input输入, presentation课堂展示, complete完全的Term paper学期论文, grade分数, complicated复杂的, terrible mistake严重的错误, edited version修订版, submit提交, overtired过度疲劳, stressed压力大的, rushing against the clock忙碌, mark分数, draft草稿, print打印, final paper终稿, maintaining average保持平均分, application申请, drop放课, re-take重修, due截止日期, extention延期, discuss讨论, check back核查记录, re-reading重读, submission提交Information信息, exam schedule考试时间表, term学期, date日期, book预定, department院系, invigilator监考人员, sign up注册, sheet单子, bulletin board公告板, faculty lounge, square方格, draft,草稿 dean系主任, review 复习, draw up结论, manually手工的, consult咨询, register注册Physiology 生理学, sophomore大二学生, second year course大二课程, first year student新生, transfer转系转专业, begin my first lecture开始第一次课, introduce,介绍 complete完全的, approach方法途径, laws of physics and chemistry物理化学定律, process of life生命进程, vital force关键力量, philosophical approach哲学方法, scientific experimentation科学实验Final exam,期末考试 midterm期中考试, multiple choice question多选题, essay question问答题, comprehensive exam综合测试, the subject,主题 review,复习 textbook教材, class note课堂笔记, the final will count for 50% of your grade期末考试占总成绩的50%, research project调查项目, run into problems遇到困难School bull etin学校公告栏, required writing course必修写作课程, first year student大一新生, third year stuent 大三学生, research paper调查报告, sign up注册, cover the entire process of writing a research paper涵盖论文写作的全过程, selecting topic选择性题目, final format最终格式, presentation课堂展示, hand in提交, assignment,作业final grade最终分数Class meeting班会, lecture讲座，课程, different concept不同的概念, hand in提交, issue发行, revision复习,grade分数Research paper论文, due截止日期, proposed topics推荐的论文选题, make comment评论, the most frequent problem最常见的问题, broad广泛的, preliminary outline初步提纲, schedule计划表, available可利用的, appointment预约，约会, final outline最终提纲, no more than two pages long不得多于2页, thesis statement论文陈述, precise statement精确的陈述, conclusion总结Workshop小型研讨会, intensive精读, techniques and skills技巧, personal attention个人参与度, register注册, advantage优点Consecutive summer连续的暑假, community center社区活动中心, seminar研讨会, workshop小型研讨会, beginning students新生, advanced students高年级学生, last four weeks最后四周, credit is awarded学分奖励, information信息Discuss讨论, schedule计划表, midterm期中考试, administer管理, attendance出勤, optional class选修课以上就是小编为大家准备的托福听力情景词汇PDF版全套大全的部分内容，大家要是想索取全部资料可以点击下载阿牛即可免费下载。
老托福听力93篇下载(文本 翻译)
智课网TOEFL备考资料老托福听力93篇下载(文本+翻译)摘要：老托福听力93篇下载(文本+翻译)!托福听力要想拿到高分，必然就要勤加苦练。
其实听力方面真的没有特别的技巧，因此大家考试回归到苦练上吧，接下来就让我们练习老托福听力93篇吧!老托福听力93篇是练习听力的常见资料，利用老托福真题的练习，可以让大家更加清晰的了解托福听力考试，更加熟悉的了解托福听力的题型等等。
老托福听力93篇生词预习：1. stylized: adj. drawn or written in an artificial style, that does not include natural detail(绘画或写作)程式化的2. realism: n.[U]the style of art and literature in which everything is shown or described as it really is in life 现实主义，写实主义(艺术、文学上的风格)3. portrait: n.[C]a painting, drawing, or photograph of a person(人的)画像;照片;肖像[+of]4. imitate: v. to copy something because you think it is good(认为是好的因而)仿效(某物)5. static: adj. not moving, changing, or developing, especially when movement or change would be good 不动的;不变化的;不发展的;静(止)的6. formalism: n.[U]a style or method in art, religion, or science that pays too much attention to established rules(艺术、宗教或科学的)形式主义...扫码安装小马 APP，免费在线练习老托福听力93篇老托福听力93篇文本：Before we begin our tour, I'd like to give you some background information on the painter Grant Wood. We’ll be seeing much of his work today. Wood was born in 1881 in Iowa farm country, and became interested in art very early in life. Although he studied art in both Minneapolis and at the Art Institute of Chicago, the strongest influences on his art were European. He spent time in both Germany and France and his study there helped shape his own stylized form of realism. When he returned to Iowa, Wood applied the stylistic realism he had learned in Europe to the rural life he saw around him and that he remembered from his childhood around the turn of the century. His portraits of farm families imitate the static formalism of photographs of early settlers posed in front of their homes. His paintings of farmers at work, and of their tools and animals, demonstrate a serious respect for the life of the Midwestern United States. By the 1930's, Wood was a leading figure of the school of art called "American regionalism." In an effort to sustain a strong Midwestern artistic movement, Wood established an institute of Midwestern art in his home state. Although the institute failed, the paintings you are about to see preserve Wood's vision of pioneer farmers....以上就是整理的“老托福听力93篇下载(文本+翻译)”，希望通过这些听力真题的练习，能够帮助大家更好的来备考托福考试 !相关字搜索：老托福听力93篇。
TOEFL ibt 听力分类学术词汇
暗礁
tide
湖水
torrent
水的急流
tropical rain forest
热带雨林
continental island
大陆岛
volcanic island
火山岛
coral island
珊瑚岛
islet
小岛
peninsular
半岛
archipelago
群岛
delta
三角洲
landlocked area
蓄水层
swamp
沼泽
peat bog
泥炭沼泽
GreatCanyon
大峡谷
NileRiver
尼罗河
Colorado river
科罗拉多河
crumples zones
地质缓冲地带
bedrock
岩床
bulge
凸起物
地理学
hemisphere
半球
meridian
子午线/经线
parallel
平行圈
latitude
fjord
峡湾
coral reef
珊瑚礁
Chalk
白垩纪
cataclysm
大洪水
ridge
山脊；分水岭
abyss
深渊
territory
版图；领土；地域
Pyrenees
比利牛斯山脉
Carpathians
喀尔巴阡山脉
Vesuvius
维苏威火山
Pompeii
庞贝
precipice
悬崖
eon
世；纪；代
glacier
岩浆
quartz
石英
新托福考试初级听力材料
范蠡的经商之道作者：来源：《商业文化》2014年第10期范蠡是春秋战国之际著名的人物，他协助勾践彻底击败吴王夫差而雪耻复国，继而助勾践北向称霸中原。
功成名就之后，激流勇退，务农经商，创造了人生的辉煌，为历史发展做出了杰出的贡献。
一、把握行情，“人取我予”。
范蠡商业经营的最主要目标是“人取我予”，即满足人们生活与生产的需求，这种需求不仅是多方面、多层次的，而且与时令、季节的关系也很密切。
他能把握时机，能提供市场最需要的东西，当然就会立于不败之地。
二、让货等人，“待乏贸易”。
范蠡运用农业丰歉循环论，调节物资，进行“待乏贸易”，具体说，就是“夏则资皮，冬则资緆（细麻布），旱则资舟，水则资车，以待乏也。
”所谓待乏原则就是让货等人，不要让人等货。
要准备别人所没有的或想不到的，这样才能在市场上占据制高点，占据优势。
三、诚信经商，“不求暴利”。
范蠡经商，不仅善于抓住时机，并且不追求暴利。
《史记》记载，范蠡“侯时转物，逐十一之利。
”这是非常人性化的主张，符合中国传统思想中经商求“诚信”、求“义”的原则。
而且薄利多销，不求暴利，细水长流，日积月累，必成大富。
这是范蠡成功的秘诀之一。
四、因地制宜，多种经营。
范蠡搞经济不是盲目出击，而是精心选择地点，充分发挥自然环境的优势，以求最好的经济效益。
他离开越国后，来到齐，具有良好的从事生产的条件，为范蠡致富奠定了基础。
在齐地，他从事农业和海上经营，到陶后，除了经营农产品还倡导多种经营。
他曾向鲁国穷士猗顿传授致富经验：子欲速富，应当饲养五种牲畜。
他还提倡养鱼，《齐民要术》记载的《养鱼经》传说就是范蠡所作。
五、注重质量，不图侥幸。
范蠡和计然提出一套“积著之理”，就是贮存货物的原则。
他说：“积著之理，务完物，无息币，以物相贸易，腐败而食之货勿留，无敢居贵。
”重视货物质量，资金要流通，不图侥幸获利。
六、埋头苦干，劳动致富。
范蠡充分利用齐地的资源和环境，带领全家人艰苦奋斗。
他从越国的上将军一变而为普通的劳动者，在官为本的时代，多少人仰慕高官厚禄，而范蠡坦然改变身份，埋头苦干，劳动致富，对传统观念做出了大胆的挑战，仅此一点对后人的启迪是极其深刻的。
新东方TOEFL托福词汇词根+联想 LRC歌词03
[03:00.00]axis n.轴,轴线;第二颈椎
[03:03.52]babylonian a.巴比伦的,罪恶的
[03:06.79]backlighting 逆光
[03:09.72]bake vt.烤,烘,焙;烧硬
[03:13.94]balcony n.阳台 包厢
[02:30.22]aviation n.航空,航空学,飞行
[02:35.89]avoid vt.避免;回避,躲开
[02:40.61]aware a.知道的,意识到的
[02:44.90]awareness n.认识;意识,注意
[02:49.10]awful a.令人不愉快的 不舒服的 糟糕的,可怕的
[00:34.56]athlete n.运动员
[00:37.66]atmosphere n.大气层,气氛,环境,空气
[00:43.26]atomic adj.原子的,原子能的
[00:47.91]attach vt.系,缚,连接,贴上,依附于
[00:55.09]attain vt.达到,获得,完成
新东方TOEFL托福词汇词根+联想 LRC歌词03
[00:13.54]assume vt.假定 承担
[00:17.78]assure vt.确保 使确信;向…保证
[00:21.96]asteroid a.星状的;(天)小行星
[00:25.98]astronomy n.天文学
[00:29.52]asymmetrical a.不均匀的,不对称的
[02:08.81]automobile n.汽车,机动车
[02:11.14]available a.可利用的,可得到的,有效的,有空的
托福考试词汇
托福考试词汇共100个1. Accommodation -住宿2. Admission -入学，入场费3. Affordable -负担得起的4. Ambition -雄心，抱负5. Ambiguous -模糊的，不明确的6. Analysis -分析7. Anxiety -焦虑，忧虑8. Applicant -申请人9. Arrogant -傲慢的，自大的10. Assessment -评估，评价11. Attainment -成就，获得12. Awareness -意识，认识13. Budget -预算14. Capacity -能力，容量15. Cautious -谨慎的，小心的16. Challenge -挑战17. Commencement -开始，毕业典礼18. Competitive -竞争的，有竞争力的19. Consequence -结果，后果20. Contribution -贡献，捐款21. Controversial -有争议的22. Coordination -协调，合作23. Creative -创造性的，创新的24. Curriculum -课程25. Debate -辩论26. Deficit -赤字，不足27. Dilemma -困境，进退两难的境地28. Diploma -文凭，证书29. Elaborate -详细的，精心制作的30. Emphasis -强调，重点31. Encouragement -鼓励，激励32. Evaluate -评估，评价33. Expensive -昂贵的34. Faculty -教师，学院35. Financial -财务的，金融的36. Funding -资金，资助37. Graduation -毕业，毕业典礼38. Impact -影响，冲击39. Innovative -创新的，新颖的40. Intellectual -智力的，知识的41. Internship -实习，实习期42. Investment -投资，投入43. Judgment -判断，审判44. Language barrier -语言障碍45. Majority -大多数，大半46. Management -管理，经营47. Mentorship -导师制，指导48. Motivation -动机，动力49. Necessity -必要性，需要50. Obstacle -障碍，阻碍51. Opportunity -机会，机遇52. Organizational skills -组织能力，团队协作能力53. Participation -参与，参加54. Perception -感知，观念55. Personality -个性，性格56. Planning -计划，规划57. Preparation -准备，预备58. Proficiency -熟练程度，精通59. Quality education -素质教育，优质教育60. Recognition -认可，承认61. Research -研究，调查62. Responsibility -责任，职责63. Strategic planning -战略规划，策略规划64. Student loan -学生贷款，助学金65. Talented -有才能的，有天赋的66. Target audience -目标受众，目标客户群67. Time management -时间管理，时间安排68. Training program -培训项目，培训课程69. Undergraduate degree -本科学位，学士学位70. Variety -多样性，种类丰富71. Vital -至关重要的，生命攸关的72. Welfare -福利，社会保障73. Work experience -工作经验，工作经历74. Xenophobia -排外主义，仇外心理75. Yearly -每年的，年度的76. Zealous -热情的，热心的77. Accommodation expenses -住宿费用78. Admission requirements -入学要求79. Affordable housing -经济适用房80. Ambitions and goals -抱负和目标81. Ambiguous statement -模糊的陈述82. Analysis of data -数据分析83. Anxiety disorders -焦虑症84. Applicant pool -申请人池85. Arrogance and haughtiness -傲慢和自大86. Assessment criteria -评估标准87. Attainment of goals -目标的实现88. Awareness campaign -意识宣传活动89. Budget allocation -预算分配90. Capacity building -能力建设91. Cautious approach -谨慎的态度92. Challenges and obstacles -挑战和障碍93. Commencement ceremony -毕业典礼94. Competitive advantage -竞争优势95. Consequences of actions -行动的后果96. Contribution to society -对社会的贡献97. Controversial issue -有争议的问题98. Coordination and collaboration -协调和合作99. Creative thinking -创造性思维100. Curriculum design -课程设计。
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TPO1Durable 持久的耐用的文学艺术：Brushstroke 一笔一画，绘画技巧Canvas 帆布油画布Bleak 暗淡的阴冷的Depiction 描写叙述Vibrant 颜色鲜明的醒目的Illustration 插图图表图案地理学：Solidify 是变硬固体化Flatten 使变平Refinement 细微的改良Grain 谷物天然纹理Zircon 锆石Uranium 铀Start off 以什么开始Molten 融化的熔融的Magma 岩浆Interdisciplinary 各学科间的考古：Neolithic 新石器时代Obsidian 黑曜石Flake 使成片剥落小而轻的拨片Hatchway 天花板出入口Hearth 壁炉边Soot 煤烟烟灰Rib 肋骨骨架Excavation 挖掘Speculate 思索猜测Yield 生产，出产生物学：Marmot 土拨鼠Rodent 啮齿动物Hibernate 冬眠Ritual 例行公事的Territorial 领土的属地的TPO2Meteorological 与气象学有关的气象的心理学：Laryngeal 喉的喉音的Larynx 喉Overt 公开的不隐藏的Convert 转化转变Electrode 电极Motor 肌肉运动的运动神经的Ideomotor 概念运动的Equivalent 相等的植物学：T extile 纺织物纺织品Hemp 棕榈Moor 停泊Degrade 降级降低削弱质量Anchor 锚Bundle 捆束包Twist 纽缠绕哲学：Extrinsic 非本质的外在的Intrinsic 本质的内在的Modest income 适中的收入Frustration 失意挫败挫折Asteroid 小行星Decimal 小数小数点Tantalizingly 逗引人的，撩拨人的Uranus 天王星Validity 有效合法正当Ceres 谷类的女神TPO3Info 消息情报资料Nectar 花蜜甘露Pollinate 给……传授花粉Pollen 花粉电影历史Hybrid 混合混血儿Fuse 熔化合并Clip 电影里的片段Mollusk 软体动物Uncanny 超人的不寻常的Patch 修补拼凑考古Erect 建立建造Barn 谷仓牲口棚简陋的大房子艺术历史：Slide 幻灯片Lab 实验室Paleolithic 旧石器时代Charcoal 碳木炭Herbivore 食草动物Bison 野牛天文学Prism 棱镜Stab 刺戳捅Optical 光学的Spectrum 波谱光谱Magnify 放大夸大Spectral line 光谱线Fingerprint 指纹Spectrograph 光谱摄制仪Helium 氦TPO4Critique 评论文章Fuss 小题大做大惊小怪Stack 图书馆的书架一堆生物：Preen 用嘴整理羽毛Groom 梳洗Redirecting 重新使用改变Inhibit 阻止抑制Ruffle 弄乱激怒Wood thrush 画眉鸟Wipe 抹去擦拭Perch 栖息处Horizontal 水平的与地平线平行的Vertical 垂直的竖直的文学：Dismiss 不再考虑Conformity 依照符合一致Attest 证明了Municipal 市政的Owning dispute 拥有争议Drain 流干流走Scratch 刮擦地理Bulldozer 推土机恐吓者Vibrate 震动颤动Magnetic 磁性的Meteorology 气象学美国政府学Subsidy 津贴Endowment 养老保险Altruistic 利他的无私心的Patron 赞助人Plaque 匾牌（用于奖励）TPO5Understate 淡化某事物的严重性Distinguish oneself 表现突出Arty/artsy 懂艺术的Cello 大提琴cellist 大提琴手Orchestra 交响乐团String quarter 乐器队，线，弦的Alligator 短吻鳄Sewer 下水道MemeReplicated 复制再生Longevity 寿命Fecundity 多产的生殖力旺盛的Fidelity 忠诚的忠实的Housefly 家蝇Mutation 变异突变天文：Compelling 令人信服的理由极为有趣的令人激动的Pinpoint 准确的说准确定位Crater 坑Basin 流域低洼地Orbit 沿轨道运行，环绕。
运行Topographical 地形学的，地貌，地形测绘学的Diameter 直径Crust 地壳Precise 准确的精确地Meteor 流星Crude 简单的，粗略的A way’s offPrerequisite 先决条件，前提化学：Spectroscopy 分光镜Matter and lightSpectrum 范围幅度Spectual signature 光谱的特征Curator 博物馆馆长动物园园长BrushstrokesPigment 颜料色素Infrared 红外线的Ultraviolet 紫外线的Flecks 微粒斑点Touchup 修改改进润色Communal 共有的群体的Thread 线思路贯穿主线TPO6Flyer 传单Given(n.) 给定的Zillion 庞大的数字经济Dotcom 网站Hysterical 情绪异常激动歇斯底里般的Tulips 郁金香MomadBulbs 球茎Mania 狂躁症狂热Specimens 标本样本Promissory 允诺的生物Relic 遗物遗体遗骸Plum 李子树Germinate 是发芽Expire 期满断气终止死亡Dwindle 逐渐减少或变小Dialect 方言Scope 范围写作Pitfall 陷阱易犯错误的Dweller 居民Terminology 专用术语Humiliate 是蒙羞丢脸地球科学Drastic 严厉的极端的Granary 谷仓粮仓HippoptamuseFossilized pollen 化石化的花粉Monsoon 季风Tilting 摆动Abrupt 突然的意外的唐突的TPO7Bulletin 公告Versatile 有多种学问多才多艺的Speciation 物种形成剧院历史Formula 准则原则Inciting 刺激激励Furious 狂怒暴怒Reversal 反向倒转Obligatory 必须的必要的Denouement （戏剧小说）的结局Subtle 细微的难以捉摸的物理Infrasound 次声波Orientation 方向目标Ray 射线光线光束Diagram 图解Moth 蛾Filtering 过滤滤除Gigot 后腿Plug 插头塞住人类学Birch tree 桦树Bark 树皮Utensil 器具器皿Pliable 易弯的柔韧的Canoe 独木舟Sturdy 强壮的结实的Stitch 缝合Resin 树脂松香Cargo 货物Maneuverable 易操作的有机动性的Federation 联盟同帮联盟会Basal slip 底部移动Bedrock 基岩Friction 摩擦力Lubricant 润滑的润滑剂Brittle 易碎的不友好的Deformation 变形畸形破相残废Oozing 慢慢流出满满渗出Extension 广延性延伸Compression 压缩Thaw 融化Omit 省略遗漏删掉TPO12Swamp 使困窘忙的不可开交Distract 使分心生物Coil 成圈螺旋形Townies cheek 无力而放肆的行为Telomere 着丝点Unraveling 解开阐明Enzyme 酶Telomerase 端粒酶商业Refine 精炼音乐历史Commonplace 普通的老生常谈的Secularization 凡俗化还俗Socratic 苏格拉底的信徒Clergy 牧师教士Plaza 广场集市场所Chivalry 骑士制度Epics 叙事诗史诗Persecution 迫害或受迫害Restive 焦躁不安的难以驾驭的Melodious 有旋律的悦耳的Melodrama 情节剧Arias 咏叹调Harpsichord 有键竖琴Extraterrestrial 地球外的Secular 现世的俗界的Precursor 先驱前兆初期形势自然科学Tap 开发利用Diffuse 传播扩散弥漫Plumb 恰恰垂直TPO14Swamp 是困窘忙的不可开交心理Gist 要点主旨Bias 偏见偏心倾向于生物Burrow 挖洞Thither 到那边对岸Forage 寻找粮食Unwittingly 无意的不经意的Profile 简介概括Byline 署名Clip 剪报Craft 行业职业天文Seafarer 航海者Viking 海盗Symmetrically 对称的均匀的Discern 看见辨明Canoes 独木舟Zenith 顶点极点Monumental 纪念的雄伟的Racketed 吵闹声喧嚣Chamber 房间会议室Miraculous 奇迹般的超自然的Chanting 咏唱反复有节奏的叫喊Intriguing 有趣的引人入胜的Defining 定义Acoustic 声音的听觉的Resonance 回响回荡Agitated 不安的焦虑的争论不休的TPO13Synthesis 综合法Cushy 容易的轻松的城市规划Pedestrian mall 步行街Denominator 分母共同特性标准命名者Bustling 繁忙的熙熙攘攘的Congestion 拥挤堵车Proximity 接近附近Hub 中心中心所在Admen 广告人Compact 压紧整齐填满生态学Waterland 水地Wetland 沼泽地诗歌Medieval 中世纪的Provoke 激起惹怒Patriotic 爱国的有爱心的Solitary 单独的幽静的Deeds 行为行动Synonym 同义词Troubadour 行吟诗人民谣歌手天文Debris 残骸Meteor 流星Analogous 相似的可比拟的Methane 甲烷沼气Meteorite 陨星Stony 多石头的冷酷的TPO8Supplement 增补Dispersed 被驱散分散的Recap 扼要重述概要Fledgling 幼鸟无经验的人Warbler 鸣鸟Blackcap 莺类Pine 松木松树消瘦艺术历史Canny 精明的狡猾的Savvy 了解知道机智Aerobic 有氧健身的Literacy 读书人知识分子Literate 有文化修养的Quartz 石英Affluence 富有的Peddler 小商贩化学Technetium 鍀Periodic table 化学元素周期表Proton 质子Property 资产特性属性Ore 矿物矿石Discredited 不相信Cyclotron 回旋加速器Synthesize 综合人工合成TPO15Resume 履历Submission 提交呈递心理Perceive 察觉感觉地理Epic 巨大的宏大的Remnant 剩余部分残余Methane 甲烷沼气Define 精确地解释界定Exemplary 杰出的值得效仿的Consecutive 连续的连贯的艺术史Manual 手工的Parchment 羊皮纸Scribe 印刷术发明前的抄写员Monastery 修道院Palimpsest 重写本Abrasive 摩擦磨损Decipher 破译辨认Auction 拍卖Papyrus 纸莎草纸Scroll 纸卷卷轴Ultraviolent 极端暴力的Inorganic 无机的无组织的Hydrothermal 热水的热液的Vent 孔肛门Chemosynthetic 化能合成的Sulfide 硫化物TPO18天文Blemish 有损……完美的瑕疵疤痕Circular 循环的圆形的Prevailing 占优势的主要的Lopsided 不平衡不对称的Toss 扔投掷艺术史Bust 半身雕像Spoil 变质损坏溺爱Solid 稳定的结实的Slot 缝隙欧洲史Spices 香料Aromatic 芳香有香味的Cinnamon 桂皮Nutmeg 肉豆蔻Aristocracy 贵族Shroud 罩遮蔽物Allure 诱惑魅力Ward 监护守护生物Puddle 水坑Glucose 葡萄糖Antifreeze 防冻剂Thaw 溶解使……融化TPO20语言学Violate 违反违背Maxim 格言座右铭Sarcasm 讽刺挖苦Irony 反语冷嘲Explicit 详细的明确的露骨的环境科学Default 违约的弃权的Methane 甲烷沼气Lag 滞后Pasture 牧草地牧场Mouthful 很重要的话Grant 助学金Eligible 有资格当选TPO23&22&21Gear 用具齿轮设备换挡Dial 标度盘Mass 质量Radical 激进的彻底的基本的。