毕业论文英文文献(食品科学与工程)

毕业论文英文文献(食品科学与工程)
毕业论文英文文献(食品科学与工程)

( (英文参考文献及译文) 二〇一一年六月

白质免疫分析检

测的设计和发展

要 免疫分析法是目前

首选的针对多类型含有复杂混合物的蛋白质的定量和半定量的检测方法。在分析性能方面具有灵敏性,精确性和成本高效益的特点,适合实验室和野外的一系列试验模式中使用。本文讨论了建立异常食物蛋白质的免疫分析问题以及解决如果取得成功结果的诸多问题。对免疫化学未来发展猜测下得出如下结论:抗体技术将在新型蛋白质检测转基因生物体中发挥重要作用。

关键词:免疫分析发展;抗体;基因改造生物检测

历史背景

转基因生物有一个不可否认的特点—一个改变基因导致独特的蛋白(S )的生成。因此,检测问题可直接解决,因为研究人员只需检测转基因蛋白(S )或新蛋白(S )即可。本文件基于蛋白质的免疫程序将研究可行的背景分析。

要分析特定蛋白质的能力在某些情况下已经成为疑问,除非该蛋白具有独特的功能(例如可能被一种酶拥有)或物理性质(如光谱特性由一个非蛋白成分赋予)。即便如此,它通常需要提交广泛的分析样品,耗时和分析前的非例行预防。这是在不久前得出结论的整体动物生物测定的基础上的唯一选择,使用蟾蜍和尿液样本验孕一般较易实现。1959年开始了对近代免疫的研究,当对使用胰岛素的激素高的抗体来说,在体外试验敏感和具体的描述(雅洛和博森,1959),代之以一个飞跃在分析潜在着既定的生物测定程序。这项新技术研究革新了在内分泌学常规分析和临床科学。

随后的事态发展的最大在两个关键领域重点:抗体免疫组化生产和检测格式。对免疫系统 高等动物有能力产生巨大的反应的多样性,使自己的互动与有能力的分子多样性和细胞的威胁。这些本科毕业论文 题 目:蛋白质免疫分析检测的设计和发展 学生姓名:王瑞相 学 院:化工学院 系 别:食品与生物工程系 专 业:食品科学与工程 班 级:食品科学与工程07-1班 指导教师:倪慧娟 讲师

抗体都有不同的结构,每个抗体的不同的结构是由不同的线线或克隆的细胞导致的。雅洛和博生使用的抗体已经成为关键试剂,分别作用于多克隆抗体,每个抗体的相互作用,并形成不同的结构。1975年,这一程序被描述,允许隔离和个别抗体规模化生产的相同结构和反应性,每一个单细胞克隆的产品,作为一种单克隆抗体已知(科勒和米尔斯坦,1975年)。有能力生产的单克隆抗体已成为可能的关键分析试剂世界各地无限量分布,具有独特的反应性抗体个别隔离,并为新的分析格式的潜力。最近,在抗体生产的进一步发展做出持有的体外之一(1990)的全过程诱人的前景,延长抗体反应性成为可能,甚至使设计和操作的结为一体,以提高精确性和准确度。

免疫分析方法已被广泛采用有很多关键原因,但一个强大和简单的分析格式可用性是一个特别重要的因素。非同位素方法的使用以成为现在的标准程序。单克隆抗体的使用提高了两个潜力分析有特殊意义的检测蛋白质分析物(里程和黑尔斯,1968)。免疫分析分为定量或半定量的两种形式。在这方面,重要的是要注意的是免疫一直用于研究的定量分析,并认为可半定量检测一直是日常用户需求的响应。在AVOCA率先甚至跟踪定量免疫行动批准分析物(佩蒂,沙曼和吉尔伯特,1992)。半定量免疫有各种各样的形式。特别流行的是试纸的方法,往往根据横向炉设备,提供了简单且对故障安全正确的分析过程指标的潜力。

抗体与蛋白质的相互作用

它是在大约启发思维的蛋白质检测与抗体,以了解抗体相互作用与蛋白质目标,以便获得更好的视角同时在可能性和局限性。虽然它是,在我们的经验,无疑更容易提高抗体针对以上,也就是说,一个农药蛋白质指标,这也是事实有相当难题和陷阱中提高对蛋白质的特定部分或抗体应用实验,以高度多样化,加工食品材料。

正常的抗体在免疫类就业是一种抗体分子(分子量约为160000),有两个相同的结合位点糖蛋白能够认识到高亲和力目标。该地区蛋白质的目标识别(表面抗原)似乎是,约10-15个氨基酸所占据,其中一些可能只涉及低亲和力识别周围的结合位点的边缘。多克隆抗体准备将含有抗体识别不同蛋白质的部分;单克隆抗体只有一个(和相对较小的),除非该蛋白有多个站点由抗体识别能力。

该表位可以由氨基酸顺序在主要的蛋白质序列。这种序列被称为连续抗原表位。另外,抗原表位可能是由氨基酸组成,在主遥远序列,但所带来的力量共同二级和三级结构。这样的识别位点作为一个不连续的抗原表位闻名。很明显,破坏二级和三级结构将改变(也许取消)的不连续抗体识别抗原表位。这可能是一种蛋白质变性也可以改变一个连续表位的认可,这取决于对肽的性质。

在任何一个给定的蛋白质构象与任何特别法的格式可能有特异性抗体该蛋白不结合的蛋白质不是因为表面抗原不存在,但由于是表面抗原隐而不抗体识别可用。

含量格式可以对是否产生深远的影响抗原可用于通过抗体结合。该方法对蛋白质的抗体可以提交给自己引起构象变化。或可能会导致“隐藏'抗原表位使抗体无法识别和结合空间位阻的原因。即使是轻微的程序,如使用抗体捕获的蛋白质,可引起构象更改或隐藏表位。

与食物中的蛋白质抗体的相互作用

在上一节,在分子间的相互作用与一般意义上被认为是蛋白质抗体。什么是所产生的特殊问题与食品原料和特点相关的蛋白质转基因生物?主要假设是的特征蛋白被发现,并在数额的抗体生产足够的可用,为检测开发和利用作为分析标准。关于如何理解蛋白质的行为食品生产和加工过程中能有所帮助,特别是如果它是需要申请的分析测定在食物链的所有点一直到消费。因此,是蛋白质的修改后的翻译而且它总是在一个同质的形式存在?是否处理,包括可能的热和酶治疗,会引起来自肽片段原来的蛋白质,它需要包括或排除这些在分析测定?多少序列同源性是共享的新的蛋白质和其他蛋白质通常存在,又有多少是有与蛋白质和肽的关系存在于其他食品原料?而更多的知识,可供开发前开始,越一个是脱颖而出,警告在发展中可能出现的问题。

在在与独特的相关的问题寻找蛋白质目标的性质,就不可能有不可逾越难题如果相同的蛋白质存在别处。但是,如果只有蛋白质不足100%序列同源性,那么难题是可以克服的通过对抗体的使用独特的,特点肽序列。

食品加工可导致广泛的变化构象的蛋白质。如前所述,这种变化可引起抗体确认取消在极端情况下,而在其他减少的认可。一个典型的例如提供了由大豆检测食品中蛋白质的免疫,东西很难做任何其他的分析方法(麦克尼尔,1988年)。该免疫程序运作非常好在所有类型的食品检测,可用于定量在非加工材料和加工食品所在的大豆成分的确切性质众所周知,允许适当的使用标准。然而,如果这些信息不可用(这是正常情况下的分析),然后定量信息已经很难获得。这个问题必须克服抗体直接针对处理抗原表位可以识别和使用。在这个实验室我们已经探索了这样的做法对于大豆(黄,布雷特,米尔斯和摩根,1997年)。我们制作对一个连续表位的单克隆抗体从大豆球蛋白是稳定的极端加热,经观察证明对热一种合成肽行为所对应的作为抗原表位(黄,米尔斯,卡特确定顺序,垂线与摩根,1998年a)。该抗体可被纳入在免疫能够量化大豆在加工食品只用简单的提取程序(黄,米尔斯和摩根,1998年b)。

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