创建Windows服务(Windows Services)N种方式总结

最近由于工作需要，写了一些windows服务程序，有一些经验，我现在总结写出来。

目前我知道的创建创建Windows服务有3种方式:

a.利用.net框架类ServiceBase

b.利用组件Topshelf

c.利用小工具instsrv和srvany

下面我利用这3种方式,分别做一个windows服务程序，程序功能就是每隔5秒往程序目录下记录日志:

a.利用.net框架类ServiceBase

本方式特点:简单，兼容性好

通过继承.net框架类ServiceBase实现

第1步: 新建一个Windows服务

public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase

{

readonly Timer _timer;

private static readonly string FileName = Path.GetDirectoryName

( Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly ( ).Location ) + @"\" + "test.txt";

public Service1 ( )

{

InitializeComponent ( );

_timer = new Timer ( 5000 )

{

AutoReset = true ,

Enabled = true

};

_timer.Elapsed += delegate ( object sender , ElapsedEventArgs e ) {

this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}", DateTime.Now ) ); };

}

protected override void OnStart ( string [ ] args )

{

this.witre ( string.Format ( "Start DateTime {0}", DateTime.Now ) ); }

protected override void OnStop ( )

{

this.witre ( string.Format ( "Stop DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) + Environment.NewLine );

}

void witre ( string context )

{

StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName );

sw.WriteLine ( context );

sw.Flush ( );

sw.Close ( );

}

}

第2步: 添加Installer

[RunInstaller ( true )]

public partial class Installer1 : System.Configuration.Install.Installer {

private ServiceInstaller serviceInstaller;

private ServiceProcessInstaller processInstaller;

public Installer1 ( )

{

InitializeComponent ( );

processInstaller = new ServiceProcessInstaller ( );

serviceInstaller = new ServiceInstaller ( );

processInstaller.Account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem;

serviceInstaller.StartType = ServiceStartMode.Automatic;

serviceInstaller.ServiceName = "my_WindowsService";

serviceInstaller.Description = "WindowsService_Description";

serviceInstaller.DisplayName = "WindowsService_DisplayName";

Installers.Add ( serviceInstaller );

Installers.Add ( processInstaller );

}

第3步:安装,卸载

Cmd命令

installutil WindowsService_test.exe (安装Windows服务)

installutil /u WindowsService_test.exe (卸载Windows服务)

代码下载:https://www.360docs.net/doc/8711530129.html,/aierong/WindowsService_test.rar

b.利用组件Topshelf

本方式特点:代码简单,开源组件,Windows服务可运行多个实例

Topshelf是一个开源的跨平台的服务框架，支持Windows和Mono，只需要几行代码就可以构建一个很方便使用的服务. 官方网站:https://www.360docs.net/doc/8711530129.html,

第1步:引用程序集TopShelf.dll和log4net.dll

第2步:创建一个服务类MyClass,里面包含两个方法Start和Stop,还包含一个定时器Timer,每隔5秒往文本文件中写入字符

public class MyClass

{

readonly Timer _timer;

private static readonly string FileName = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory ( ) + @"\" + "test.txt";

public MyClass ( )

{

_timer = new Timer ( 5000 )

{

AutoReset = true ,

Enabled = true

};

_timer.Elapsed += delegate ( object sender , ElapsedEventArgs e ) {

this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}", DateTime.Now ) ); };

void witre ( string context )

{

StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName );

sw.WriteLine ( context );

sw.Flush ( );

sw.Close ( );

}

public void Start ( )

{

this.witre ( string.Format ( "Start DateTime {0}", DateTime.Now ) ); }

public void Stop ( )

{

this.witre ( string.Format ( "Stop DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) + Environment.NewLine );

}

}

第3步:使用Topshelf宿主我们的服务，主要是Topshelf如何设置我们的服务的配置和启动和停止的时候的方法调用

class Program

{

static void Main ( string [ ] args )

{

HostFactory.Run ( x =>

{

x.Service ( ( s ) =>

{

s.SetServiceName ( "ser" );

s.ConstructUsing ( name => new MyClass ( ) );

s.WhenStarted ( ( t ) => t.Start ( ) );

s.WhenStopped ( ( t ) => t.Stop ( ) );

} );

x.RunAsLocalSystem ( );

//服务的描述

x.SetDescription ( "Topshelf_Description" );

//服务的显示名称

x.SetDisplayName ( "Topshelf_DisplayName" );

//服务名称

x.SetServiceName ( "Topshelf_ServiceName" );

} );

}

}

第4步: cmd命令

ConsoleApp_Topshelf.exe install (安装Windows服务)

ConsoleApp_Topshelf.exe uninstall (卸载Windows服务)

代码下载:https://www.360docs.net/doc/8711530129.html,/aierong/ConsoleApp_Topshelf.rar

c.利用小工具instsrv和srvany

本方式特点:代码超级简单,WindowsForm程序即可,并支持程序交互(本人最喜欢的特点),好像不支持win7,支持xp win2003

首先介绍2个小工具:

instsrv.exe:用以安装和卸载可执行的服务

srvany.exe:用于将任何EXE程序作为Windows服务运行

这2个工具都是是Microsoft Windows Resource Kits工具集的实用的小工具

你可以通过下载并安装Microsoft Windows Resource Kits获

得https://www.360docs.net/doc/8711530129.html,/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=17657

第1步: 新建WindowsForm程序

public partial class Form1 : Form

{

Timer _timer;

private static readonly string FileName = Application.StartupPath + @"\" + "test.txt";

public Form1 ( )

{

InitializeComponent ( );

}

private void Form1_Load ( object sender , EventArgs e )

{

_timer = new Timer ( )

{

Enabled = true ,

Interval = 5000

};

_timer.Tick += delegate ( object _sender , EventArgs _e )

{

this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}", DateTime.Now ) ); };

}

void _timer_Tick ( object sender , EventArgs e )

{

throw new NotImplementedException ( );

}

void witre ( string context )

{

StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName );

sw.WriteLine ( context );

sw.Flush ( );

sw.Close ( );

}

private void button1_Click ( object sender , EventArgs e )

{

MessageBox.Show ( "Hello" );

}

}

第2步:安装,卸载

服务的安装步骤分5小步:

(1)打开CMD,输入以下内容，其中WindowsForms_WindowsService为你要创建的服务名称

格式:目录绝对路径\instsrv WindowsForms_WindowsService 目录绝对路径\srvany.exe 例如:

D:\TempWork\win\Debug\instsrv.exe WindowsForms_WindowsService D:\TempWor k\win\Debug\srvany.exe

(2)regedit打开注册表编辑器,找到以下目录

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WindowsForms_Window sService

(3)鼠标右键单击WindowsForms_WindowsService，创建一个"项"，名称为"Parameters"

(4)鼠标左键单击"Parameters",在右边点击鼠标右键，创建一个"字符串值"(REG_SZ)，名称为"Application"，数值数据里填写目录下可执行文件的绝对路径+文件名

例如:

D:\TempWork\win\Debug\WindowsFormsApplication_Exe.exe

(5)打开services.msc服务控制面板，找到WindowsForms_WindowsService服务，鼠标右键-属性-登陆，勾选"允许服务与桌面交互"

启动服务,可以看到程序界面

卸载服务

D:\TempWork\win\Debug\instsrv.exe WindowsForms_WindowsService REMOVE 代码下载:https://www.360docs.net/doc/8711530129.html,/aierong/WindowsFormsApplication_Exe.rar