高中英语语法总结大全之形容词和副词的比较级 (1)

形容词与副词的比较级，最高级和原级的用法及练习

大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1) 规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。

构成法原级比较级最高级

一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est tall(高的)

great(巨大的) taller

greater

tallest

greatest

以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st nice(好的)

large(大的)

able（有能力的）

nicer

larger

abler

nicest

largest

ablest

以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big(大的)

hot (热的)

bigger

hotter

biggest

hottest

"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est easy(容易的)

busy(忙的)

easier

busier

easiest

busiest

少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-est clever(聪明的)

narrow(窄的)

cleverer

narrower

cleverest

narrowest

其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。important(重要的)

easily(容易地)

more important

more easily

most important

most easily

2) 不规则变化

原级比较级最高级

good(好的)well(健康的) better best

bad (坏的)ill(有病的) worse worst

old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest much/many(多的) more most

little(少的) less least

far (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest

原级比较: as+形容词或副词原级+as

1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。

He cannot run so/as fast as you.

2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式as +形容词+ a +单数名词\ as + many/much +名词This is as good an example as the other is.

I can carry as much paper as you can..

3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。

This room is twice as big as that one.

Your room is the same size as mine.

4)倍数表达法

▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.

The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.

这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。

▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.

Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.

比较级结构：比较级形容词或副词+than

You are taller than I.

They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.

可修饰比较级的词

1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等

2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

注意：

many, old和far

1) 如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词

many more +可数名词复数

2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。

My elder brother is an engineer.

Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.

3) far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。

在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。

I have nothing further to say.

最高级结构：the+最高级+比较范围