初中英语十大词性详细讲解和练习题

初中英语十大词性详细讲解和练习题
初中英语十大词性详细讲解和练习题

在英语中,共有10大词类,它们是:名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。

一、名词

1、什么叫名词?

名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:mother妈妈panda熊猫library图书馆pencil 铅笔wish愿望

2、名词分类

(1)专有名词表示特定的人或事物的名称。如:Mr. Green格林先生the Spring Festival 春节the Great Wall长城Britain英国

提示:关于单词首字母大写

1、句首的第一个单词的首字母要大写,Today is Thursday.

2、人名:姓和名两个单词第一个字母都大写, Mr. Ye, Mrs. Zhang

3、称呼、头衔的第一个字母要大写, Doctor Wang, Chairman Mao

4、国家、地名等专有名词第一个字母要大写, Australia, Wuhan, Zhejiang, Wenzhou

5、月份、星期几、节假日每个单词的第一个字母都要大写. March, Tuesday, National Day, Labour Day

6、语言名称要大写. Chinese, Japanese

7、文章标题的每个实词的第一个字母应大写,但不包括of, in, and这样的介词、连词, My Mother School in Cangnan.

8、特殊简称如FBI(Federal Bureau of Investigation美国联邦调查局)WTO(World Trade Organization世界贸易组织)等字母都大写.

(2)普通名词是不属于特定的人或事物名称的词。普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词,如:radio(广播),watch(手表);集体名词,如:

class(班级),people(人民);物质名词,如:milk(牛奶)water(水);抽象名词,如:work(工作),health(健康)。

普通名词又可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词表示的事物是可以用数字一个一个数出来的,有单数和复数两种形式。如:a apple一个苹果two bananas两只香蕉

不可数名词表示的事物是不可以用数字一个一个数出来的,不分单、复数;抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般都是不可数名词。如:milk牛奶,ice冰,water水,rice大米,juice 橘汁

提示:有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但中文意思就不同了。如:fish (可数→鱼类;不可数→鱼肉),chicken(可数→小鸡;不可数→鸡肉),people(可数→民族,不可数→人)

3、可数名词变复数

但是有些名词变复数形式是不规则的,必须死记,如:

man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse-mice,child-children,sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fish-fish

4、如何表示不可数名词的数量?

不可数名词没有单、复数的区别,是不能直接以数字计算事物的名词(简称量词,如一杯水的“杯”,一袋米的“袋”,一瓶牛奶的“瓶”等)来修饰的,这时我们可以用“a/数词+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词”的形式。如:a glass of water 一杯水two bottles of milk 两瓶牛奶five bags of rice 五袋大米

提示:这种形式也可以用于可数名词,但可数名词必须用复数形式。

“a/数词+ 量词+ of + 可数名词”的格式也对,如:a basket of apples一篮子苹果five baskets of tomatoes 五篮子西红柿

5、什么是名词所有格?

名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格,意为“……的”,一般在名词后加是’s。如Grandma’s house 奶奶的房子my teacher’s car 我老师的车

(1)如果名词代表的事物是有生命的,那么其所有格有以下几种形式:

(2)如果名词代表的事物是没有生命的,常与of组成短语来表示其所有格,表示前者属于后者,格式为“A of B”翻译为“B的A”。当然,of也可以表示有生命的所属关系。

It ‘s a map of China这是一张中国地图。意思就是这是一张中国的地图。

the window of the room 房间的窗户

the title of the passage 那篇文章的标题

A story of the hero 那个英雄的故事。

二、动词

动词的定义和分类

动词是表示动作或状态的一类词。动词充当谓语时,要受到主语的限制,与主语在人称和数上一致。用来表示动作或状态在各种时间条件的动词形式称为时态。动词根据其在句中的功能,可以分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。

1、实义动词

(1)实义动词的分类

实义动词也叫行为动词,即表示动作的动词,能独立作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分。及物动词不能单独使用,后面必须跟宾语,并且是直接跟宾语;不及物动词可以单独使用,可以后面什么都不跟,也可以跟副词来修饰它,如果要跟宾语,就必须加介词。正:We have friends all over the world. 我们的朋友遍天下。

误:He is looking me.

正:He is looking at me. 他正在看着我。

误:He is listening the teacher carefully.

正:He is listening carefully. 他正在认真听。

正:He is listening to the teacher carefully. 他正在认真听老师讲课。

提示:英语动词中有很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如

begin, vt.: Let’s begin the class!

vi.: She begins to cry when she heard the news.

leave, vt.: Please leave some bread for me, thank you!

vi.: He will leave for Zhejiang tomorrow.

ask, vt.: Mr. Smith, can I ask you a question?

vi.: Miss. William is asking for you now.

(2)实义动词的基本形式

有动词原形(do)、第三人称单数形式(does)、过去式(did)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done)五种形式。

2、系动词

(1)系动词的定义

.系动词亦称连系动词,不能单独做谓语,后面必须跟表语。

(2)系动词的功能

系动词的主要功能是把表语(名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词、介词短语、从句)和其主语联系在一起,以说明主语的属性、特征或状态。它和其后的表语一起构成句子的谓语。(3)常见系动词

1)状态系动词

用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:

My uncle is a policeman. 我叔叔是一名警察。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)2)持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:

He always keeps silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

3)表像系动词

用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, sound例如:

He looked angry/sad/happy. 他看起来很生气/难过/高兴。

4)感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:

This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。

This flower smells sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。

It sounds good. 听起来不错。

The apples taste very good.

5)变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。

He became mad after the accident happened. 自那之后,他疯了。

She becomes rich when she got her own company. 她自己开公司以后就变得富裕起来。

It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.

6)终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)3、助动词

(1)助动词的定义

助动词是语法功能词,本身没有词义,不可单独使用。

最常用的助动词有:do, will(would), shall(should), can(could), may(might), must, need, dare, ought to, used to, had better

4、情态动词

(1)情态动词的定义及功能

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与普通动词一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等得一类词。情态动词一般本身无人称和数的变化,其后面的实义动词要用动词原形。

主要的情态动词有:can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)

①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might)……

②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:如:need,will,dare

③具有情态动词特征:have(had,has) to,used to,ought to

She can swim fast, but I can’t. You mus t stay here until I come back.

(2)常见情态动词的用法

,意为“会,能”。表示客观可能性或推测时,用于否定句和疑问句;

She can sing English songs. 她能唱英语歌。

The dog can’t swim.

Can /May(可以) I borrow your bike?

,用于陈述句;表示正式的请求或许可,用于一般疑问句。回答may 提出的问题,肯定形式为:Yes, please./Yes,certainly./Yes,you may. 否定形式为:No, you can’t./No, you mustn’t.

You may go out to play basketball now.

----May I smoke here?

----Yes,you may./No you mustn’t.

,意为“一定”;表示“应当,必须”时,其否定形式为mustn’t意为“不能,不可以,不允许”。回答由must构成的一般疑问句,肯定形式为:Yes ,主语

+must ;否定形式为:No,主语+needn’t/don’t have to。

英语十大词类讲解

英语十大词类讲解

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family家庭、air空气、boy男孩、desk 桌子、work、职业 2、专有名词:指特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。 Hemingway海明威、China中国、New York纽约、United Nations联合国 3、可数名词:表示名词的单数(一个、一本一只等),要在名词前加冠词a或an。 4、复数名词:表示两个或两个以上的概念时要用名词的复数形式,一般情况下,名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的,也有特殊情况,以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es 等等。 book——books, dog——dogs, pen——pens, boy——boys

beach——beaches, brush——brushes, bus——buses, box—boxes(es读音为/iz/〕 二、冠词(art = article):这是一个虚词,不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。 1、不定冠词a(an):用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前,an用在以元音开头的名词之前。 a boy、a book、a map an honor 、an egg、an umbrella This is a pencil case. I met an old man on my way home. 2、定冠词the:即the,表示某一类人或

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英语十大词类的用法和名称速记讲解

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英语十大词性讲解

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初中英语词性用法练习题

XX中心学校 初中英语词性用法练习题 班级: 执教:*老师 日期:201*年*月 初中英语词性用法练习题

pic.ruiwenallimg18095ba8fd07367c237009.png?x-oss-process= styleqr.ruiwen 1.The English novel is quite easy for you.There are _______new words in it. A.a little B.little C.a few D.few 2.---Can Ie this evening or tomorrow morning?---______is OK. A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 3.---Is ______here?---No.Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A.somebody B.everybody C.anybody D.nobody 4.We decides to go for a field trip with some friends of _______. https://www.360docs.net/doc/882487153.html, B.our C.ours D.ourselves 5.Mrs.Bond is one old friend of ________. A.Jack mother B.Jack mother's C.Jack's mother D.Jack's mother's 7.--Are there any _____on the farm?---Yes,there are some. A.horse B.sheep C.duck D.chicken 8.These ________have saved many children's lives. A.women doctors B.woman doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 9.Max prefer ____English to ______Physics.At the same time,he likes play ____piano.

英语十大词性精讲

、词性的分类 在上述十大词类中,名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词等具有明确的意义,可以在句中独立充 当句子成分,称为实义词。介词、连词和冠词只能起联系或辅助的作用,都不在句子中担任任何成分,称为虚词。感叹词一般不构成句子的一部分,通常作独立成分。 说出下歹U单词的词性:restaura nt; bus; well; ofte n ;because; exercise; hardly;theirs; ah; shop;on ce; through; time; most; no; active;for ;one; about; it; junk; hey; drink; over; health; try; another; ten; classroom; first; a; keep; to; let; yourself 说出下列文中词语的词性: 1. Father: Well, Tom, I asked to your teacher today, and now I want to ask you a questi on. Who is the laziest pers on in your class? Tom: I don't know, father. Father: Oh, yes, you do! Think! Whe n other boys and girls are doing and writi ng, who sits in the class and only watches how other people work? Tom: Our teacher, father. 2. Teacher: Here are two birds, one is a swallow, the other is sparrow. Now who can tell us which is which? Stude nt: I cannot point out but I know the an swer. Teacher: Please tell us. Student: The swallow is beside the sparrow and the sparrow is beside the swallow. 第1页共2页

初中英语十大词性详解和练习

在英语中,共有10大词类,它们是:名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。 一、名词 1、什么叫名词? 名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:mother妈妈panda熊猫library图书馆pencil 铅笔wish愿望 2、名词分类 (1)专有名词表示特定的人或事物的名称。如:Mr. Green格林先生the Spring Festival春节the Great Wall长城Britain英国 提示:关于单词首字母大写 1、句首的第一个单词的首字母要大写,Today is Thursday. 2、人名:姓和名两个单词第一个字母都大写, Mr. Ye, Mrs. Zhang 3、称呼、头衔的第一个字母要大写, Doctor Wang, Chairman Mao 4、国家、地名等专有名词第一个字母要大写, Australia, Wuhan, Zhejiang, Wenzhou 5、月份、星期几、节假日每个单词的第一个字母都要大写. March, Tuesday, National Day, Labour Day 6、语言名称要大写. Chinese, Japanese 7、文章标题的每个实词的第一个字母应大写,但不包括of, in, and这样的介词、连词, My Mother School in Cangnan. 8、特殊简称如FBI(Federal Bureau of Investigation美国联邦调查局)WTO(World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织)等字母都大写. (2)普通名词是不属于特定的人或事物名称的词。普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词,如:radio(广播),watch(手表);集体名词,如:class (班级),people(人民);物质名词,如:milk(牛奶)water(水);抽象名词,如:work (工作),health(健康)。 普通名词又可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词表示的事物是可以用数字一个一个数出来的,有单数和复数两种形式。如:a apple 一个苹果two bananas两只香蕉 不可数名词表示的事物是不可以用数字一个一个数出来的,不分单、复数;抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般都是不可数名词。如:milk牛奶,ice冰,water水,rice大米,juice橘汁提示:有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但中文意思就不同了。如:fish(可数→鱼类;不可数→鱼肉),chicken(可数→小鸡;不可数→鸡肉),people(可数→民族,不可数→人)

初中英语语法知识—代词的基础测试题及答案(4)

一、选择题 1.---When shall we meet again next week? ---_____ day is possible. It’s no problem with me. A.Either B.Neither C.All D.Any 2.I tried two stores for the present I wanted,but ______ of them had it. A.none B.either C.neither D.both 3.—Do you like thrillers or comedies, Mike? —___________. I think action movies are the most exciting. A.Both B.None C.Either D.Neither 4.—Hi, Anna. Are these your sister’s pencils? —Oh, no. They’re not ______. A.her B.him C.hers D.his 5.—Hurry up! The bus is coming. —Wait a moment, please! Let me check if there’s ________ left. A.anything else B.important something C.other things 6.—Hi, Jack. Is this your dictionary? —No. is over there. It’s a present from my uncle. A.Mine B.Yours C.My D.Your 7.-Whose CD is it? -Miss Lee always listens to music. It must be________. A.he B.she C.her D.hers 8.---Who was knocking at the door just now? ---______ was my cousin Andy. A.He B.She C.They D.It 9.—Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? —_______is OK. I’m busy today and tomorrow. A.None B.All C.Both D.Neither 10.My head teacher knows me better than _______. A.himself B.herself C.yourself D.myself 11.I’m surprised at the new look of hometown. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 12.I think ______ important to prepare mor e food for tomorrow’s party. A.that B.it C.this D.us 13.The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that _____ are bigger. A.we B.ours C.our D.us 14.My mother is a teacher. She loves students very much. A.her B.his C.my D.your 15.My parents showed some old pictures that brought back sweet memories.

《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—代词的基础测试题附答案

一、选择题 1.----Where would you like to go tomorrow, Beijing or Xi'an? ---- is OK. It’s up to you. A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.All 2.I tried two stores for the present I wanted,but ______ of them had it. A.none B.either C.neither D.both 3._____classroom is quite different from _____. A.Their; we B.Theirs; us C.Their; ours D.They; ourselves 4.—Who will send you to the new school, your mum or your dad? —__________, I’ll go there alone. A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither 5.—Did you buy a large house? —No, not really, at least not as large as ______. A.yours B.your C.you 6.—Which one do you like better, English-Chinese dictionary or Words app? — I like________ of them. They are useful for English learners. A.none B.neither C.all D.both 7.—Hurry up! The bus is coming. —Wait a moment, please! Let me check if there’s ________ left. A.anything else B.important something C.other things 8.---What do you think we can do for our aged parents? ---You don’t have to do __________except to be with them and be yourself. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 9.A new study shows that shouting at children may have the results that go beyond of beating(打)them. A.that B.those C.it D.ones 10.---Can you tell me how to have a good relationship with parents? ---Certainly. If you often talk about your ideas with them, they will talk about with you, too. A.their B.them C.theirs 11.Mr. Wang recommended me a few foreign movies, but ____was to my taste. A.all B.neither C.nothing D.none 12.I think ______ important to p repare more food for tomorrow’s party. A.that B.it C.this D.us 13.---Is_______here? ---No.Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave A.everybody B.somebody C.anybody D.nobody 14.My mother is a teacher. She loves students very much. A.her B.his C.my D.your

(完整版)初中英语词性的讲解

英语词性 一.名词: 1.含义:表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。 2.分类:专有名词和普通名词 3.普通名词分为可数名词的和不可数名词 可数名词1)可数名词单数表达法:一般可用a/ an 来修饰,表示数量“一”;注意:在辅 音发音开头的单词前用a; 在元音发音开头的单词前用 an ; 2)可数名词有复数形式 3)可数名词用many修饰表“许多” 不可数名词1)不可数名词没有复数形式 2)可数名词用much修饰表“许多” 4.专有名词是表示人、地方、事物等特有的名词,它的第一个字母要大写。如: 人名:Tom,Peter,Mr Yang 地名:Europe,New York,Wanzhou 节日、月份、星期:Christmas,February,Saturday 一般来讲,专有名词前面不用定冠词the。但江河海洋,山脉群岛地理名称前要用定冠词;有两个以上的普通名词组成的专有名词前,一般要用定冠词。 the Yangtze River the Great Wall 二. 代词: 1.含义:用来代替名词或名词短语的词。 2.分类:按意义特征和语法功能可分为人称代词、物主代词等9类。 3.分类讲解: 1) 人称代词 用法口诀: 人称代词分两格,主格宾格来分说;主格定把主语作,宾格作宾不会错。 ①主格在句中作主语时,一般放在谓语动词之前: We are good friends. He often plays basketball. ②宾格作宾语。放在及物动词或介词之后,有时在口语中,可以作表语; I don't know her. (动宾) Look at me.(介宾) Open the door, please! It's me. (作表语) ③人称代词并列用法的排列顺序: A:单数人称代词做主语时,排列顺序:第二人称--第三人称--第一人称; 如:You, he and I ; 请翻译:我,你和她都是好朋友。_________________________________ B: 复数人称代词做主语时,排列顺序:第一人称--第二人称--第三人称; 如:We, you and they 请翻译:我们,你们和他们都喜欢音乐。____________________________________ 2) 物主代词 ①物主代词两类型,形容词性、名词性。 形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语;起形容词的作用,用在名词前。名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,起名词的作用。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 如:Those volleyballs are theirs. = They are their volleyballs.

(完整版)英语十大词性及其详细讲解(20201018184652)

词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类 1.名词noun n. student 学生 2.代词pronoun pron. you 你 3.形容词adjective adj. happy 甘 1高 4.副词adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5.动词verb v. cut 砍、割 6.数词nu meral num. three 三 7.冠词article art. a 一个 8.介词prepositi on prep. at 在... 9.连词conjunction conj. and 和 10.感叹词interjection interj. oh 哦 前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词。 名词复数的规则变化 名词的格 在英语中有些名词可以加“‘ s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名 词的所有格,如: a teacher ' book。 名词所有格的规则如下: 1)单数名词词尾加“ 's",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“'s”,如the boy s'bag男孩的书包,men 'room 男厕所。 2)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加“'",如:the workers ' struggle工人的斗争。 大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。 英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种 人称代词的用法: at least , I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起, 至少我认为I saw her with them

是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her作主补) a. -- Who broke the vase ?--谁打碎了花瓶? b. -- Me.--我。 并列人称代词的排列顺序 1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为: 第二人称you 第三人称he/she ;it 第一人称I 如: You, he and I should return on time. 2) 复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为: 第一人称we 第二人称you 第三人称they 反身代词 指示代词 指示代词分单数(this / that )和复数(these / those )两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词, 疑问代词 指人:who,whom ,whose 指物:what 既可指人又可指物:which 冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或之后,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。冠词是一种虚词。 不定冠词a (an)与数词one同源,是“一个”的意思 定冠词的用法 定冠词the与指示代词this , that同源,有"那(这)个”的意思。 1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Take the medici ne.把药吃了。 2 )上文提到过的人或事:He bought a house. I 'e been to the house.

初中英语语法--词性练习题(附答案)

词性练习题 一)根据对词类的概念的理解,指出下面单词的词类: 1 deep _________ 2 finger _________ 3 fly _________ 4 papers _________ 5 pass _________ 6 refuse_________ 7 size _________8 spoon _________ 9 delicious _________10 thick_________ 11 town_________ 12 map_________ 13 myself _________14 and _________15 on _________16 sheep_________ 17 ship _________18 mine _________ 19 important _________ 20 an________ 21 catch _________ 22 first_________23 laugh _________ 24 third_________ 25 leave _________26 here_________ 27 fly_________ 28 home_________ 29 round_________ 30 sing_________ 31 blind _________32 but_________ 33 eighth_________ 34 about_________ 35 bad_________ 36 yours _________ 37 child_________ 38 against_______ 39 ah_________ 40 with_________ 41 cinema _________42 Tuesday_________ 43 cheap_________ 44 advice_________45 two_________ 46 they_________ 47 able_________ 48 for_________ 49 say_________ 50 quickly_________ 51 if_________ 二)根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。 1. scientist_________ 2. singer_________ 3. conversation_________ 4. beautiful_________ 5. loudly_________ 6. famous _________ 7. government_________ 8. dangerous_________ 9. instruction_________ 10. careful_________ 11. lively _________ 12. safeties_________ 13. national_________ 14. traditional_________ 15. illnesses_________ 16. wonderful_________ 17. competitions_________ 18. information_________ 19. successful_________ 20. natural_________ 21. illnesses_________ 22. lovely _________23. really_________ 24. friendly_________ 25. usually_________ 26. yearly_________ 27. advertisement_________ 提示:1.一个单词多种词性是很普遍的现象,这里的词性是指常见的词性 2.本题中加ly并不都是副词 三)判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。 1. Mary dances well. _________ 2. His father is reading. _________ 3. Tom is looking for his watch. _________ 4. He often plays violin after school. _________ 5. Mr. Green works in a university. _________ 6. The teacher taught us an English song. _________ 7. I have bought this pen for two years. _________ 8. Nothing can live without water. _________ 9. You may keep this dictionary for two weeks. _________ 10. You can‘t agree with me. _________

初中英语词类讲解

英语词类讲解 10种英语词类 6种英语实词(有实义):名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词 4种英语虚词:冠词、介词、连词和感叹词 6种英语实词 1.名词(noun,缩写式为n) 普通名词(common noun): 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。luggage, success, traffic 专有名词(proper noun):是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。 Tom, China, A Tale of Two Cities, March, Saturday 可数性:可数名词(countable nouns)& 不可数名词(uncountable nouns) ①冠词的使用 ②单复数s/es ③谓语动词的搭配 *集合类名词:council ,government,group,jury, team, family 名词的功能: 1.主语:The bags are in the desk. 2.宾语:I washed my clothes yesterday. 3.表语:This is a good book. 4.宾语补足语: We selected him our monitor. 5.介词宾语: Mary lives with her parents. 6.定语:She is a Party member. women doctors 。meeting rooms 2. 动词(verb) 分类:实义动词(行为动词),连系动词,助动词,情态动词 基本形式:原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词 (1)实义动词: 及物动词(transitive verb ): He's reading a magazine. 他正在读一本杂志。(单宾语) Mr Zhang teaches us English. 张老师教我们英语。(双宾语:us是间接宾语,English 是直接宾语) 不及物动词(intransitive verb ):The sun rises. He works hard. (2)连系动词: be动词(is, am, are, was, were, have/has been) 感官系动词(feel,smell,taste,look,sound):后面一般加形容词 变化系动词(become, get, grow, turn):后面一般加形容词

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