虚拟语气用法归纳79740

虚拟语气用法归纳79740 -标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

虚拟语气用法归纳

英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。

一、虚拟条件句

条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语用陈述语气。

If you don’t work hard, you will fail.

If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.

如果假设的情况过去、现在、将来都不存在，则为虚拟语气

What would you do if you won the lottery?

If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.

If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.

2.与过去事实相反的虚拟

If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen her.

If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday.

3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟

If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, our plan would be put off.

If we were to picnic, we would not be able to help.

二、错综、混合虚拟语气

通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。

1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

3. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

4. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设)

5. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

6. If I were your mother, I would let you go out this weekend. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设)

三、含蓄虚拟语气

虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or，even, in case of, what if(如果…将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句 (考试时多数情况是对过去的假设)。

But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university. （过去）

Without water, all lives would die. （现在）

He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party. （过去）

I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off. （过去）

四、虚名词性从句的虚拟语气

含有should +V的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order, command)，三个建议(suggest, advise, recommend)，四个要求(ask, require, demand, request)。

1. 宾语从句的虚拟语气

He insisted that the meeting be put off.

The general ordered (that) all the soldiers (should ) leave.

He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave.

2. 表语从句的虚拟语气

My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.

3. 同位语从句的虚拟语气

There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.

4. 主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的三种情况： It’s +p.p

+that ； It’s + adj. +that； It’s + n. +that

常用的动词recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require,

suggest,command

常用的形容词important, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential

常用的名词duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret

其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思

It’s important that you should take the medicine.

It’s a pity that you should refuse the invitation.

It’s essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.

It’s demanded that all the students should go to the playground.

It was suggested that he should join the club activities.

5. It为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形，是以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句，it后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词，常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词。

I consider it vital that he (should) think deeply before acting.

We think it necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.

6. 某些词语如suggest, insist 等有双重含义，所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气，什么时候不用虚拟语气。

Her smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan.

We insisted that what the boy did was wrong.

五．虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用，主要有两种情况：

I. would rather, It’s time…, for fear that…

would rather在使用时要注意它的不同用法。因为本身would rather可以

直接接动词原形，构成would rather do sth. (than do sth.else); 或者would do sth. rather than do sth.else.而虚拟语气的would rather 是这样使用的would rather sb. did(对现在或将来的假设)/ had done(对过去的假设)

I would rather he didn’t go now.

They would rather they hadn’t attended the party.

It’s (about) (high) time (that)…从句中常用过去式(有时也用should do), 含

建议的意思。汉语的意思为“是该做…的时候了”，也等于It’s time for sb. to do sth.

It’s high time (that) we went home.

It’s high time that we (should) go home.

It’s high time for us to go home.

for fear that 后面可以接虚拟语气should do，也可以接其他语气，但依然

会有一个情态动词。

I will not make a noise for fear that I should / might disturd you.

II. wish+clause; as if/ though+ clause; If only这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似。

wish后的宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式主要有三种wish sb. did(对现在的虚拟); wish sb. had done(对过去的虚拟); wish sb. would do (对将来的虚拟).偶尔在对过去的虚拟时，也会出现wish sb. would have done的情况。

I wish I knew what was going to happen.

She wished she had stayed at home.

I wish I would have seen her last night.

★此时要注意表示语气很强时用How sb. Wish+ clause, 其用法同上。如果

要用was依然换成were.

How I wish I were a bird.

as if/ though出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况：主句+as if/ though引导的

状语从句； seem/ look/ smell +as if/ though引导的表语从句。

主句+as if/ though引导的状语从句：主句+as if/ though+主语+did/ were(对现在的假设)；主句+as if/ though+主语+could/ would do(对将来的假设)；主句

+as if/ though+主语+had done(对过去的假设)

seem/ look/ smell等的从句情况基本上和上面一致。

She talks as if she knew everything.

He behaved as if nothing had happened.

注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况

If only引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。形式为：用过去式或者would/ could do, 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成式表示与过

去事实相反的愿望。

If only he were here!

If only you would listen to our advise!

If only I had not been busy last week!

★If only 也可以用于虚拟条件从句中，如：

If only I had more money, I could buy a car!

六、虚拟语气测试题

I．用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.If you __________________(follow) the doctor, you_________________(be) all right now.

2. If we ___________________(drive) the car by turns, you________(not be) so tired now.

3. If I ______ (be) you, I _________________( not miss) that opportunity.

4. If they ___________________(start) in the early morning, they

____________(arrive) soon

5.If you ___________________(take) an umbrella, you_________________(not be) wet now.

6. Without water, there ______________(be) no living things.

7. But for your help, we ________________________(not finish) the work.

8. The young man insisted that he ____________(do) nothing wrong and

_________(set) free.

9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _________________(be) all right now.

10. look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I ______________(follow) your advice..

II.单项选择。

1. If I had enough time, I ___ it better next time .

A. will do

B. have done

C. did

D. would do

2. If my car ____ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

A.was

B.had been

C.should be

D.would be

3. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden .

A. had

B. have had

C. will have

D. had had

4. Sorry , I am too busy now . If I _____ time , I would certainly go for an outing with you .

A. had

B. have had

C. had had

D. have

5. I ______ through that bitter period without your generous help .

A. wouldn’t have gone

B. didn’t go

C. wouldn’t go

D. hadn’t gone

6. --- He will come tomorrow .

--- But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow .

A. will come

B. is coming

C. came

D. had come

7. What would have happened , _____ as far as the river bank

A. Bob had walked farther

B. if Bob should walked farther

C. had Bob walked farther

D. if Bob walked farther

8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday . I _____ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .

A. should have taken

B. could have taken

C. mustn’t have taken

D. needn’t have taken

9. You ____ much better now if you had taken the doctor’s advice .

A. would be

B. would have been

C. will be

D. should be

10. _____ myself to my study , I would be sitting in a comfortable table office now .

A. If I devoted

B. Should I devote

C. Would I devote

D. Had I devoted

11. ____ it rain tomorrow , we would have to put off the visit to Zhonshan Bridge .

A. Were

B. Should

C. Would

D. Will

12. If he ____ my advice , he wouldn’t have lost his job .

A. followed

B. should follow

C. had followed

D. would follow

13. _____ no air or water , there would be no life in the world .

A. Were there

B. There are

C. There was

D. Is there

14. It’s high time that your daughter ____ to school .

A. would be sent

B. must be sent

C. should be sent

D. is sent

15. It is necessary that these exercise books ____ as soon as possible .

A. are handed in

B. would be handed in

C. will be handed in

D. be handed in

16. Mr.Green requires that the students ____ a composition every other week .

A. write

B. written

C. would write

D. will write

17. But for the help of my English teacher , I ____ the first prize in the English writing composition .

A. would not win

B. would not have won

C. would win

D. would have won

18. Brown had intended to take a job in business , but ______ that plan after the unpleasant experience in America in 2011.

A. had abandoned

B. has abandoned

C. abandoned

D. will abandon

III．根据汉语提示，用括号中的单词完成句子。

1. 要是他按照医生要求的那样静静地躺着，他现在就不那样受罪了。

If he had lain quietly as the doctor instructed, he ______ so much now. ( suffer ) 2. 现在已经12点了，难道你不认为我们该回家了吗？

It’s already 12 o’clock now, Don’t you think it’s about time we ______ home ( go )

3. 我昨天得了重感冒，否则，我就会完成作业了。

I had a bad cold yesterday, otherwise, I _______ my homework. ( finish )

4. 要不是因为英语考试，我上周日就会去听音乐会。

But for the English examination, I ________ to the concert last night. ( go )

5. 要不是因为她不会唱歌，我就邀请她参加聚会了。