外国文化差异,英文版
Meeting people for the first time.
French people observe formal etiquette. They are very particular with manners and they put this into practice in all situations especially when meeting people for the first time
The handshake is the most common act the French do when they meet people for the first time. They shake hands upon meeting and before leaving. Friends greet each other by kissing on the cheeks. To show respect, always address people with the title Monsieur or Madame during first meeting
What most important is It might appear discourteous and arrogant to immediately begin speaking in English, hoping that your counterpart will in your first meet.When attempting to converse in France, be it with a shopkeeper, waiter, policeman or local, you should as least make a certified and respectable attempt to speak some elementary conversational French.
When seeing friends for the first time ,guests are expected to bring with them a gift like flowers, a cheese dish or a bottle of wine. Flowers should be given in odd numbers but never 13 since this is believed to be an unlucky number. There are also particular kinds of flowers that should not be given to French people to avoid offending them. Any kind of white flowers are only used during weddings; white lilies or chrysanthemums are only used during funerals; red carnations symbolizes bad will. When giving wine, choose the best in class. French are very selective with their wines.
The other choice facing people is the choice between Tu or vous, formal and informal, when speaking French is quite confusing, usually you use the formal way with friends and family, despite your mother in law or aunts if they are French will usually use the formal way to talk to you, your colleagues at work will use the informal way but first wait for them to start using tu.
Last but not least ,kiss hello to greet each individual with the appropriate number of kisses on the cheek.
Among the 20- and 30-something generation it’s pretty much expected to kiss hello, even when meeting friends of friends for the first time. In general, gently touching your cheek to your recipient’s while pursing your lips and making a kissing sound does the trick. There’s no rule as to which cheek should get the initial kiss, but people often start the kissing to the right. The occasional embarrassing moment—when you’re forced to change your trajectory halfway through to avoid wayward lips—is inevitable. When greeting elderly people for the first time it isn’t always appropriate to faire la bise and you can avoid a potentially embarrassing situation by simply shaking hands. French women faire la bise with other women and between the sexes, but if you see two men kissing one another hello or goodbye it usually means that they are very close friends or haven’t seen each other for some time.
As a rule, foreign men should stick to the priciples when meeting for the frist time and let the relationship grows
Below given are some tips for you to follow when you meet someone for the first time:
1. Be yourself. When you are perceived as being confident and relaxed, the other person also feels more confident and relaxed chatting with you. This also helps you avoid putting up a fake image of yourself in front of others and then, trying your best to maintain it every time you meet them.
2. It can be a scary thing meeting new people, sometimes. But all you need to do is build your confidence and self-esteem and challenge your negative self-talk. Usually, at events, getting into conversations with people you know and th en meeting people you don’t know proves to be of great help in avoiding getting tongue-tied or saying things that sound funny or seem out of place.
3. Stop believing in ‘first impression is the last impression’. Although it is quite important to present yourself in decent ways to give a good first lasting impression, do not judge others on the same basis. It is quite possible that they are also nervous chatting with you or that they simply had a bad day. Give them some time in order to strike a good comfort level with them.
4. While starting up a conversation with people you are meeting for the first time, it is advisable to ask them things about themselves. However, avoid getting too personal and getting into discussions on politics, sex, religion, or death. Gradually, when you listen to them speaking about the things they do or the things they like or dislike, you will be able to realize what’s common between you and them.
5. They say that ‘smile because a smiles can do the magic for you’ and this certainly holds true when it comes to meeting new people. Also try being friendly with them, since this will make them feel more comfortable, as well as try maintaining an eye contact which shows that you are also comfortable and confident chatting with them.
中西方文化差异文章
中西方文化差异的wenzhang 一、中西文化背景的差异 以中国文化为代表的东方文化，受到儒家思想和佛教、道教文化的影响深远，其根源可以上溯到两千多年前的春秋战国时代，以孔子编纂修订的“六经”为其文化基础，这种文化总的表现为：注重个人修养，注重道德力量，反对武力，注重与他人、自然的和谐相处，追求精神的超脱，以“仁”和“孝”为社会核心。同时更注重于自给自足的内向型文化，清朝时的闭关锁国正是其体现。 而以美国文化为代表的西方文化，其思想基础都是源自欧洲文艺复兴时，源头则是古希腊罗马文化，受基督教影响深远，看重个人的自由和权利，注重实践和探索，跟中国人喜欢对生命本源的哲学思考不同，他们更注重于对自然的探索和求证，从物质层面去考量生命的本源。以“爱”为社会核心。同时具有开放性的外向型文化，以新海路开辟时对新大陆的侵略为代表。 二、中西方价值观和思维方式的异同 ①科学观 在科学方面，中国人更相信先人的经验和权威，相信古人甚至超过相信今人，迷信权威，缺乏创新和探索精神，所以，尽管人类历史上四大发明都是出自中国人之手，郑和下西洋时，中国的造船技术是世界一流的，但几千人的船队七下西洋，不过为了宣示明王朝的“富有与强大”，但是当麦哲伦的船队环游世界时, 当西方人使用中国发明的指南针、火药入侵我们时，我们想到的竟然是在大海边再造一处万里长城，思维的保守与守旧，缺乏创新和探险精神由此可见一斑。 而西方人重视实践和理论，富于探险精神，倡导理性思维，通过正规的学院式教育对科学成果进行普及和推广，极大的促进了科学发展。 ②法制观 “法令所以导民也，刑法所以禁奸也。文武不备，良民惧然身修者，官未曾乱也。奉职循礼，已可以为治，何必威严哉？”可见，在中国人心中，法律只是道德的补充，所以，中国人提倡自我的完善，不提倡用法律法规来约束人，对法律的重视不是很够。在对欲望的约束方面，中国人主张用礼、道德来约束，宋代朱熹曾提出“存天理，灭人欲”的思想主张，即通过先贤的教诲和学习提高自己的修养，控制和压抑一切“不符合道德”的欲望，讲究克己复礼，这种结果导致了人格的缺陷，丧失了独立的人格，也是封建统治盛行的根由。 而西方人认为人的欲望是不应该被压制的，对于社会和个人的规范，主张用“法制”，通过制度，如三权分立的组织、政治机构来约束制约，道德则处于从属的地位。 ③民主观 中国人注重精神的自由，虽然整个封建社会二千多年的历史，基本都是封建集中制的不断加强，是民主政治的彻底丧失，但从一开始，儒家、道家的思想家们就把民主政治放到一个很高的思想高度去认识和看待, 要求统治者爱民、亲民，重视民生疾苦，孔子的“仁”治思想，孟子的“民为重、社稷次之，君为轻”思想，老子的”老吾老，以及人之老，幼吾幼，以及人之幼”思想等等，都包含着“民主”思想，但又推崇君权神授，维护等级制度，把自由、民主看成是君主权贵的赏赐。所以我们的人民总在渴望青天，希望能有好官的出现为民谋利。 而西方的民主政治认为，政出于民，一切的权利只是人民授予，让政府来行使的一种权力，所以，西方人对不能为民服务的政府，通过选票的方式可以给予否决或者改选。当然这中间可能也有许多问题，但无论认识水平上还是制度设计上，无疑都比我们要先进的多。 ④人际交往
中西文化差异的研究开题报告
中西文化差异的研究开题报告 一、综述本课题国内外研究动态，说明选题的依据和意义： 动态： 20世纪90年代以来, 中西方文化差异对比的研究方兴未艾,不同层面,不同角度的全方位研究正在不断深入。近年来,国内外有关中西方文化差异专题研究的论文也相继公开发表,为中西方文化差异的进一步深入研究奠定了基础。 意义：中西文化承载着不同民族的文化特色和文化信息， 它们与传统文化紧密相连，不可分割。本选题以中西方文化差异为切入点，进行较为深入的文化对比研究，反映一个民族的礼仪、宗教信仰、风 俗习惯、饮食等特征的表现，有助于更好的了解和掌握中西方文化的差异。 二、研究的基本内容、难点和创新点： 基本内容：本选题重在研究礼仪文化、饮食观念、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、语言表达方式折射出的文化差异，理论说明与实例分析相结合。 难点：如何从多个角度分析归纳总结文化差异。 创新点：将礼仪作为一种文化现象重点加以研究。 三、研究步骤、方法及措施 步骤： 1.中西礼仪的差异 1.1称呼语 1.2感谢和答谢 1.3赞美 1.4节日 2.中西饮食观念得差异 2.1中西饮食对象的差异 2.2中西饮食方式、餐具不同 2.3中西饮食性质的差异 3.中西风俗习惯的差异 3.1称谓及称呼 3.2敬语谦词 4.中西宗教信仰的差异 5.中西语言表达方式的差异 研究方法和措施： 本篇研究的主要方法和措施是在选定课题后， 由小 组成员分工协作， 从图书馆查阅相关的书籍、 上网寻找资料和有价值
的参考文献，最后结合所学课程的相关内容做出总结。 四、研究工作进度： 11 月，查找相关资料。 12 月，结合所学课程的相关内容做出总结。 五、主要参考文献： 邓炎昌、刘润清 : 《语言与文化》 刘炳善 : 《英国文学简史》 王福祥、吴汉樱 : 《文化与语言》 胡文仲 : 《文化与交际》 朱维之、赵澧 : 《外国文学简编》 张今、陈云清 : 《英汉比较语法纲要》 沈福伟：《中西文化交流史》
中美文化差异英文版
1.美国人的自我意识和独立意识很强。 Self-awareness and independent consciousness of Americans are very strong. 2.美国文化鼓励人民开拓创新，做一番前人未做过的、杰出超凡的事业。 In America, innovation often is encouraged and people often do something nobody has done. 3.美国基础教育实践，注重创造的教学形式. American education based on practice, pay attention to teaching form of creation. 4. 中国的家庭结构比较复杂，传统的幸福家庭是四代同堂。 China's family structure is more complex, the traditional happy family is four generations. 5. 中国人的婚姻相对来说比较稳定。这是因为中国人把婚姻当作一个严肃的道德问题，喜新厌旧，或是第三者插足都会被认为是极不道德的。 The Chinese marriage is relatively stable. Because Chinese people treat marriage as a serious moral problem, propensity or a third people involvement is considered highly unethical. 6. 新中国虽已建立了六十年，但传统的君臣，父子等级观念在中国人的头脑中仍然根深蒂固。The traditional manner, parent-child hierarchical remains entrenched in the Chinese mind. 7. 主动帮助别人或接受别人帮助在西方常是令人难堪的事。在中国，主动帮助别人，给人以无微不至的体贴是一种美德。 Take the initiative to help others or accept others help is embarrassing thing in America. However, help others is a virtue. 8. 在个性自由与团结协作上：美国人十分珍视个人自由，喜欢随心所欲，独往独行，不愿受限制。中国文化则更多地强调集体主义，主张个人利益服从集体利益，主张同甘共苦，团结合作，步调一致。 On the personality freedom and cooperation, Americans cherish personal freedom and don't want to be limited. Personal interest obedience collective interests and cooperation were advocated in China. 9. 美国家庭教育目的是把孩子培养成具有适应各种环境和独立生存能力的“社会人”；中国家庭教育的目的是把孩子培养成“才”，将来有出息，有个好职业，一生能在顺境中度过。 The education purpose of American family is to help children to adapt to the environment and improve the independent ability, and finally make children become a "social person". The education aim of Chinese family is to make children become a person with ability, and hope they can have ambition in the future, have a good career, life can be spent in prosperity. (You are very handsome! 或赞扬你Your English is very good时，中国人一般很谦虚地说：I do not think so! 或说 No ,no ,my English is poor. Thank you !; Have you had your meal? Where are you going? 他们则会认为你想请他吃饭或者干涉其私事，会引起误解。美国人见面，通常打招呼道：Hello! How do you do! Nice to meet you.) （American culture：The main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals' value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation(开拓,经营) and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its core is individualism: self-first, personal need first, pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment, emphasize on achieving individual value by self-strive and self-design. This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons, it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand it is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of unity. egocentric:.自我中心的,利己主义的 American citizens emphasize on achievements and respect heroes. They have great sense in their hearts to praise success and heroes.Personal achievements are one of those with the highest value in Americans mind.Americans have very strong senses of success.Success is the pursuit of most Americans,it is their attractive future and the incentives for moving forward.They believe that one's personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his career.Some high achievers in their career such as entrepreneurs,scientists,artists and all kinds of super starts became modern heroes.The process and result of how they strived have become the frame of reference of social culture value and the real life text book for parents to educate their children. incentive:Serving to induce or motivate: American society has great movements within itself. These movements are shown in two aspects:movements amongst locations and movements inside the society.The United States are relatively more open and have more freedom.Developed transport and the tradition of adventure and sporty makes a lot of American migrate from countryside to cities,from downtown to uptown; and from north to the southern sunny land,from one city to another.Unlike European countries,the social classes in America is not so stable.Further more,with the advocation of public education,movements upwards along the social ladder have become possible.Many people living in
中西方节日文化差异比较解读
中西方节日文化差异比较 传统的民族节日形成是一个民族的历史文化的长期积淀。节日的由来原因与人们的生活有密切的联系, 它体现了人民丰富的情感 世界, 寄托了人民对生活的热爱。有这样一句名言: “每个民族的每个节日, 正是反映这个民族文化最真实的一面”。可见, 要了解一个民族的文化底蕴, 必须从他们的传统节日入手, 才能了解到他们的 文化特色与民族特点。 一、中西节日的起源与形成差异 中国长期以来处于封建自给自足的农业社会和自然经济中, 其传统 节日具有浓厚的农业色彩,包含了农耕文明的社会特征, 主要是从岁时节令转换而来的。我国古代长期以农为本, 在生产力和农业技术不发达的情况下, 十分重视气候对农作物的影响。在春种、夏长、秋收、冬藏的过程中认识了自然时序的复杂规律, 总结出四时、二十四节气,形成了以节日为主的传统节日。勤劳的中国人民为了更好地生存, 必须大力发展农业, 而农业的发展离不开天气的关照。古人云“春雨贵如油”、“清明忙种麦, 谷雨种大田”。在古代, 春节、清明节( 古代称三月节) 等都是重要的农事节日。 西方文化由于长久受基督教的影响, 其传统节日起源带有浓厚的宗 教色彩, 如情人节( 纪念名叫瓦丁的基督教殉难者) 、复活节( 基督教纪念耶稣复活) 、万圣节( 纪念教会所有圣人) 、圣诞节( 基督教纪念耶稣诞生) , 这些节日的起源大多与宗教有关系。当然, 西方节日中也有和农业有关的节日, 但他们以农业为主的节日的历史不如
中国漫长。 二、中西节日庆祝方式差异 中国的传统节日, 基本是封建社会时期形成的, 不可避免地留下封建社会的痕迹: 等级制、家族式, 节日无不以家族内部活动为中心。西方的传统节日就不同了, 更多的是表现出人们的互动性、集体性和狂欢性, 以自我为中心, 崇尚个性张扬。这与中国节日的家族性恰好相反, 体现了西方文化的群体性, 反映了人们渴望互相交流、群体参与的愿望,体现了人人平等、自由表现自我的特点。这里试举两例说明。 ( 1) 春节与新年。作为新一年的开始, 中西方有着极大差异的庆祝方式。春节作为中国最重要的传统节日, 源于秦朝, 定于每年农历的一月一日, 从农历12月23日开始, 人民开始开展各种庆祝方式, 一直持续到元宵节。春节的习俗繁多, 如大扫除、吃团圆饭拜年、放鞭炮, 舞狮子等。总之, 不论是大街小巷, 都笼罩着一股浓浓的喜庆气氛。而西方, 他们崇尚的是过公历新年, 即元旦。相比之下他们过年的方式就浪漫多了, 在12月31日晚, 各地区的人民涌上街道,进行盛大的狂欢, 到了深夜接近零时时, 数十万人会聚集于一起, 诚心地祈祷, 为新的一年的到来倒计时。当大钟敲响12下, 顿时, 优美的乐曲奏响, 揭开了华丽舞会的序幕, 人们通宵达旦地庆祝。 可见, 春节与新年各有千秋: 春节, 充满浓厚的传统气息和独有的魅力; 新年, 体现时代的气息和潮流的感觉, 更贴近现代生活。( 2) 万圣节与中元节。万圣节作为西方的重要节日之一, 颇受人民
中西文化差异比较英文
T h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n c h i n e s e a n d w e s t e r n c u l t u r e With the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are listed as follows. First of all, the way of eating. All huaman beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physioligical need. All individuals must eat in order to survive. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nurishment as food. Americans eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russiand eat beef but not snake. We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of food are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In some clture, certain foods are taboo. Sometimes the food taboos may be so strong thrat just the thought of eating forbidden foods can cause an indivdual to feel ill. We can also find culture difference in way of bring up children treating the early, greeting each other, saying and spending money before other people do in everyday, but in some English-speaking countries, people do not agree with us. We chinese may enjoy something that is not usually consider as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we perfer to have thing hot and much emphasis on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the
浅谈我眼中的中西方文化差异
浅谈我眼中的中西方文 化差异 Document number：PBGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-PTT1998
浅谈中西方文化差异 数学与应用数学（2）张晨洁在中国两千多年的封建社会历史的过程中，儒家思想一直占据着统治地位，对中国社会产生了极其深刻而久远的影响。中国文化认为，为人处世，接人待物，举止言谈要以谦虚为荣，以虚心为本，反对过分地显露自己表现自我。 因此，中国文化体现出群体性的文化特征，不允许把个人价值凌驾于群体利益之上。 而西方国家文艺复兴的指导思想是人文主义，即以崇尚个人为中心，宣扬个人主义至上，竭力发展自己表现自我。“谦虚”这一概念在西方文化中的价值是忽略不计的。生活中人们崇拜的是“强者”“英雄”。有本事，有才能的强者得到重用，缺乏自信的弱者只能落伍或被无情地淘汰。 因此，西方文化体现出个体文化特征，崇尚个人价值凌驾于群体利益之上。 我国非常重视家庭亲友关系；而在西方国家，崇尚独立自主自强自立。 中国人的传统观念历来崇尚“合家团圆”，自古就有“父母在，不远游”的说法；而在英美国家，18岁的子女仍住在家里依靠父母生活是不可思议的事情，他们必须依靠自己的双手去独立生活。 因此中西方文化几乎可以说是完全不同的两个体系，中西方在语言、礼仪、饮食、教育等许多地方体现出差异。 一、语文的不同 文化的不同带来价值观念的在不相同。如lod一词，中国人历来就有“尊老敬老”的传统。“老”在中文里表达尊敬的概念，在我们看来，长者不仅是智慧的化身，也是威望的象征。 然而，西方国家极少有人愿意倚老卖老而自称”old”。在他们看来，“old” 是“不中用”的代名词,英美人不喜欢别人说自己老，更不会倚老卖老。 中国人日常打招呼习惯于问：“你吃饭了吗”如果你跟英语国家的人这样说，他们认为你是想请他们吃饭，英语国家人打招呼通常以天气，健康状况，交通，体育以及兴趣爱好为话题。 中国人蔑视狗，因而有“走狗”“狗仗人势”“狗眼看人低”等说法。而在西方国家，人们则欣赏狗的勇敢和忠诚，并把人比作狗。如a luck dog（幸运儿），love me, love my dog（爱屋及乌），Every dog has his day.（凡人皆有得意日）。
中西方的文化差异表现在诸多方面
中西方的文化差异表现在诸多方面： 一、中西方言谈的差异 在中国，对别人的健康状况表示关心是有教养、有礼貌的表现。但对西方人的健康表示关心，就不能按中国的传统方式了。一个中国学生得知其美籍教师生病后，会关切地说“you should go to see a doctor！（你应该到医院看看）。”不料，这句体贴的话反而使这位教师很不高兴。因为在这位教师看来，有病看医生这种简单的事情连小孩都知道，用不着任何人来指教。如果就某种小事给人以忠告，那显然是对其能力的怀疑，从而大大伤害其自尊心。中国人在饭桌上的热情好客经常被西方人误解为不文明的行为。因西方人认为：客人吃多吃少完全由自己决定，用不着主人为他加菜添酒，而且饮食过量是极不体面的事情，因此客人吃饭后，主人不必劝他再吃。一位美国客人看到中国主人不断地给他夹菜很不安，事后他抱怨说“主人把我当猪一样看待。” 中国人路遇熟人时，往往会无所顾忌地说：“啊呀，老兄，你近来又发福了！”或者以关切的口吻说：“老兄，你又瘦了，要注意身体啊！”而西方人若听你说“you are fat（你胖了）”或“you are so thin（你又瘦了)”, 即使比较熟悉，也会感到尴尬和难以作答。 二、价值观与道德标准的差异 1.个人荣誉感与谦虚谨慎 西方人崇拜个人奋斗，尤其为个人取得的成就自豪，从来不掩饰自己的自信心、荣誉感，以及在获得成就后的狂喜。相反，中国文化不主张炫耀个人荣誉，而是提倡谦虚。中国人反对王婆卖瓜式的自吹自擂，然而中国式的自我谦虚或自我否定却常常使西方人大为不满。“Your English is very good（你的英文很好）,” “No, no, my English is very poor（不，我的英文很差）”；“You’ve done a very good job（你的工作做的很好）,” “No, I don't think so. It's the result of joint efforts（不，这是大家共同努力得结果）.” 这种谦虚，在西方人看来，不仅否定了自己，还否定了赞扬者的鉴赏力。这种中国式的谦虚在资本主义的竞争市场是行不通的。 2.自我中心与无私奉献 西方人自我中心意识和独立意识很强，主要表现在:(1)自己为自己负责。在弱肉强食的
中西文化差异比较(英文)
中西文化差异比较(英文)
The difference between chinese and western culture With the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are
中美文化对比大学英语作文
中美文化对比大学英语 作文 Standardization of sany group #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
Chinese Education Is Superior The born of a baby is considered as a blessing to a family, while the family education will in turn leave a brand on the baby’s future. I was born in a Chinese family with western education system. I’m well respected. I’m growing up without any fence. But reflecting on my personal upbringing, I can tell you with certainty that Chinese Education is superior. Firstly, in a regulated Chinese family, the rules for family are the core of its education system, which could ensure children staying away from some bad habits. The rules Chua set up contributed to her children’s promising victory over long turn. But in my family, there is no such notion. At my formative year, I could stay up late enough to embrace the sunrise. Consequently, I always suffered from drowsiness at class. Worse still, my poor eyesight due to it has become a handicap to me. Therefore, Chinese strict rules are necessary, especially for a young child.
中西方电影文化差异比较
中西方电影文化差异比较姓名：陈家梅 院系：教育与音乐学院 班级：艺术管理 学号：20111062417
摘要中西文化差异，究其根源主要与自然环境、民族传统、思维模式、处世态度、宗教信仰、价值观等有关。本文通过对中西方电影的比较分析，可以透视中西文化的差异。 关键词：中西文化中西电影差异 电影是特定文化的产物，反映一个国家或地区的文化。不同国家的文化差异自然反映在他们的电影当中。因此，分析电影是了解不同国家文化差异的很好途径。中西电影中的文化差异究其根源，主要与自然环境、民族传统、思维模式、处世态度、宗教信仰、价值观等有关。本文将从以下几方面分析中西电影中的文化差异。 一中西电影中的宗教差异 基督教是世界最大的宗教之一，公元4世纪时成为罗马帝国的主要教派，中世纪时期欧洲大部分人都成为了基督教徒，同时，基督教也在中东、北非和印度部分地区成为了少数教派。紧接着地理大发现之后，经过传教士的不断传播和殖民扩张，基督教传至美洲、澳洲，而后遍布世界各地。因此，基督教对西方文明的成型有着重大影响作用。 佛教起源于印度，约在公元1世纪开始从古印度经丝绸之路传至中国，并得到了皇室的重视，许多佛经被引入中国，许多印度高僧来华讲道。随着时间的推移，中国佛教又衍发出许多流派。这些流派大多融入了儒家思想、道家思想或其它一些哲学思想，渐渐地中国佛教摒弃了那些不适合中国社会的规则与条例，融入了一些新的教义，成为了中华文明的一部分，并带有自己的特色。佛教对中国人的思想起着重要作用，影响着我们的美学、政治、文学、哲学和医药等方面，当然也影响着我们的电影。 1 基督教对西方电影的影响 基督教三大教义分别是三位一体、原罪与救赎。三位一体就是圣父、圣子与圣灵是上帝的三个不同表现。原罪是人类堕落的结果，人类始祖偷吃禁果的行为通常被认为是原罪的起因，只有上帝的恩赐可以解救堕落的人类。救赎就是上帝和其他一些更高的力量，通过赐予人类永恒的生命或来生，来拯救人类精神上的死亡与终身诅咒。基督教认为人类需要从现状中解脱出来，然而，从长远角度来看，人类要完全得到救赎是不可能的。救赎在基督教中是一个核心教义，意思是只要人们心中有上帝，也终将被上帝所救。 救赎的理念代表着基督教的思想。这种思想无疑也影响着西方电影，不仅反映在宗教电影中，如《约翰福音》、《马太福音》、《最后的诱惑》等，也反映在其它一些电影当中，如《肖申克的救赎》。这部电影讲述了一个在信仰缺失的年代里有关救赎的故事，救赎的是信仰，被救赎是希望。救赎是一场战斗，希望对绝望，自由对监禁。这也是人类尊严与人性的斗争。安迪救赎了他的狱友，因为他坚定的信仰是对邪恶与绝望最好的武器。不同于其它的宗教电影，《肖》中的救世主不是上帝，而是希望，被救赎的是自由。在安迪入狱之前，肖申克监狱的条件非常恶劣，犯人毫无人权可言。典狱长是个彻头彻尾的伪基督，把犯人当作廉价劳动力。安迪入狱之后，这位不满现状的银行家虽无力改变，但他的出现至少给犯人们带来了希望和生命之光。至于安迪，他就是现代版的耶稣。他的受难也
从文字比较看中西方文化差异
从文字比较看中西方文化差异 —— 12法学 2012140201091 赵瑞 导读语 文字像是一个精灵，深深贯穿在一个民族的方方面面，文字不仅用笔记下了历史中的点滴。同时，在文字里，我们可以解读，在使用这一文字民族的文化，理解他们的生活习性，解读他们的传统，读懂他们的哲学和思考方式。 从目前世界发展的现状来看，无论从政治上还是文化上分为东西方两个不同的领域。汉语作为东方文化的代表，与西方文化的代表英语有着从形式上到表象上完全不同的区别，这也是东西方政治文化人文上的区别。让我们用文字来解析中西方文化差异的点滴。 一、认识汉语 目前根据语言学家的分类，世界的语言体系九个语系即：汉藏语系，印欧语系，阿尔泰语系，闪－含语系，乌拉尔语系，伊比利亚－高加索语系，马来－玻里尼西亚语系，南亚语系，达罗毗荼语系。汉语言和文字是汉藏语系的代表。汉语与其他语系唯一表象上的区别在于汉语没有字母的概念。 世界上十三亿人每天都在使用的文字，我们共同的语言——汉字。中国的汉字起源于上古时代的象形文字，经过5000余年的发展，形成的非常严谨和复杂的文字体系。中国的文字和语言是世界上独一无二的，区别于西方的字母文字和语言体系，可以说独树一帜。从分析中国的文字和语言与西方文字语言的对比，可以了解中国政治社会和文化的独特方面。
二、从文字解析中西文化差异 （一）从汉语的字词分析中国的严谨性 汉语的基本单元是字，由象形文发展而来的字。汉语的字有着极其严谨的归类和属性。汉字其实分为两类，一类是具有单独意义的单体字。如子，言，先等等，也就是不是由偏旁部首组成的，这些字对于汉字起到最基础的表达作用，是汉字里的“字母”。汉字的偏旁部首完全是由这些基础字演化而来。汉字由部首将其严格的进行归类。这样构成的字，无论从意义上还是发音上都被严谨的归纳。中国的文化十分重视书面的严谨，而对于发音则采用古老的身教方式。 汉语的另一个特点就是字就是词，字又组成词。例如桌字。表明了桌子的概念。在这个词的规范下，衍生出课桌，饭桌等词，从这个属性来看，汉语言是十分注重归属严谨的。在中国社会中，人并不是单独的人，人在社会上要有强烈的归属属性。这在西方也是存在的，但是中国人较西方人更加强调这种归属。同时，汉字的词性也没有明显的标记。“老吾老以及人之老”，这句话里的老字，分别表明了动词，名词的成分，从字面上无法判别，只能从句子的意义上判别。这也是汉语区别于英语的重要部分。西方对字的属性归纳则完全不同。西方对于每一个事物都要有其单独的标识。对于新生的事物或物品以及现象，则一般再造一个词来补充。而中国文字则可以根据其归属用现有的字来重新组合。 从汉语和英语对字词的不同方式可以看出，中国人在字和词方面是严谨而有逻辑性的，英语则是开放性的。中国人处事严谨，凡事都要有根有据，都要有所归属，都要在现有的事物里找到解释。西方人则更重视开拓，不拘泥于旧的事物
中美文化差异(CultureDifference)
中美文化差异(Culture Difference): 种族National race The whole question of the changing role of Blacks in American society as been the subject of newspaper articles around the world so frequently that visitors to the United States do not know what to expect when they arrive. They may be surprised when they see that Blacks and Whites work side by side in offices , factories , and schools across the country . The majority of Blacks in the United States, h owever, live in and around only a small number of American cities. Many dark-skinned visitors arrive in the United States fearing personal attack or expecting various degrees of racial prejudice. Some forms of discrimination still exist ,unfortunately, especially in the areas of the housing , schools , and jobs . The school equality is still more a dream than a reality. There are still too many areas of the country where Black Americans do not enjoy the same full opportunities as White Americans . However, the vast majority of American s are working, studying, and sharing public places together. This was not true even a few years ago in some parts of the country, but progress is steadily being made. You will be able to observe the improvement in race relations as soon as your plane lands . You will see it in the airport, in public buses and trains , in theaters , restaurants , rest room, in sops and libraries , in offices and factories . Close personal friendships between Blacks and