英语文体学论文
Text analysis for the Course of Stylistics Topic 1: Register Analysis and relevant features
This essay is due to analyze the text “What does i t mean to be a digital native?”. (https://www.360docs.net/doc/939037693.html,/2012/12/04/business/digital-native-prensky/index.html)
Firstly, author will analyze the register of the text, and then discuss three significant features of the text in different aspects which related to the register.
1.Register
To analyze the register, it is necessary to know the definition of register. Here is the description from Wiki-pedia:
In linguistics, a register is a variety of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. For example, when speaking in a formal setting, an English speaker may be more likely to adhere more closely to prescribed grammar, pronounce words ending in -ing with a velar nasal instead of analveolar nasal (e.g. "walking", not "walkin'"), choose more formal words (e.g. father vs. dad, child vs. kid, etc.), and refrain from using contractions such as ain't, than when speaking in an informal setting.
We can get the register’s definition clearly from above sentences. To say it popularly, it is different types of texts.
Back to the text “What does i t mean to be a digital native?”, without stylistic feature, it is better to consider in three aspects: the text’s publication site, text’s content and its
purpose.
(1)Publication site
This text is published at CNN’s website in December 8, 2012, by a journalist of CNN. Usually, there are three registers of essays will be put in a public website: News Report, Conversations and Speeches, Science and Technology. It is obvious that the register is not belong to Conversations and Speeches.
(2)Content
Reading the whole text through, we could get the main idea of this text: It introduces the situation about people adapting to digital age in nowadays and gives the prospect in the future. The content does not have the timeliness, while it is a summarize of recent situation. What’s more, the text introduces situations of many places around the world. Therefore, the register of it must not be News Report. As a result, it belongs to Science and Technology part.
(3)Purpose
The purpose of this text is simple: To let readers know the situation of people within digital age nowadays. To a large extent, it is like popular science readings. The purpose of it is conveying knowledge to its readers. So the register is Science and Technology without question.
From analysis of these three aspects, it is obvious that the register of this text is Science and Technology. Specifically, in terms of field of Science and Technology, it is a typical scientific reading concerned with social science and digital science. In terms of tenor, it is concerned with communication between specialist and layman. In terms of mode, it is a monograph.
2.Significant features
The language of Science and Technology includes texts of a large variety of registers. And the texts of each register of Science and Technology have developed their own stylistic characteristics. Thus we should aim at the specific features, in order to precisely analysis the text and its register. According to the text book , it is better to analysis in three aspects: Semantic features, grammatical features and lexical features.
(1)Relationalization
The development of Science and Technology mainly refers to the development of the semantic system of language. The most distinct semantic feature we could see from the text is relationalization.
As the major aim of scientific language is to convey information and tell the truth to the other experts or the masses, it will not focus on the actions and events concerned with the scientific investigation, but the relations between these actions and events. So the actions and events will be relationalized into things and concepts, while the relations become the verbal links between them. It is a prominent feature of the English of science and technology.
E.g.
…any slowdown in the digital age is a "myth," as innovation will only press forward…
…as the globe's dominant demographic, while the "digital immigrant," becomes a relic…
Here “as” and “while” is used for precise modification and clear logical relations. They make the relationship explicit.
E.g. Prensky defines digital natives as those born into an innate "new culture" while
the digital immigrants are old-world settlers.
Here we could see that all conjunctive relations are explicit. Normally we have a large number of conjunctive relations made implicit as the listener can infer from the text, while here we could clearly understand the opposite definitions of “natives” and “immigrants”.
E.g. …as innovation will only press forward "faster... And faster and faster."
“will” here expresses “future” and “should”“obligation”. In Science and Technology register, there are few clauses express wishes, requests, emotions, judgments, etc.
E.g. …and the class systems that will be shaped by access to digital technologies.
E.g. Today the latest high-tech gizmos can be passed even before hitting the shop floors.
E.g. …it can be akin to learning a whole new language.
We may find a lot of “be” in the text for the reason that the majority of the clauses in the text have relational processes, mainly expressed by “be”.
These devices make the ever-changing world static, as if the world were not composed of events and things, but the relations between these things. It is often in conformity to our general way of research only when we can pin something down can we really study it.
(2)Participial phrases
Except for relational process, there are one notable grammar features in the text: participial phrases.
E.g. Computers and handsets are becoming an extension of body and mind, creating a
Cyborg-like population.
E.g. In India, over two-thirds of the population live on less than $2 a day, according to the World Bank.
E.g. he chief of the Strategic News Service -- specializing in technology news.
E.g. …a term coined by U.S. a uthor Marc Prensky in 2001…
E.g. …is the new hierarchies created by digital literacy and the class systems that…
All of the examples above have participial phrases. With participial phrases, we could distinctly receive a large amount of knowledge in relatively short and concise sentences.
(3)Particular lexical function
When people invented something, they must also create a word to represent it in language, so scientific words occurred the earliest in the register of science and technology. The main function of scientific words is to provide information for readers. To a great extent this function is realized through scientific words.
E.g. …but with iPhones and floppy disks.
E.g. What does it mean to be a digital native?
These words, like “floppy disks”“digital”, is to convey general concepts which can be used in a variety of registers. Out of the Science and Technology register, these words are usually appearing in common registers.
E.g. …who have lived in the analogue age and immigrated to the digital world.
E.g. …becoming an extension of body and mind, creating a Cyborg-like population.
E.g. As technology filters into every corner of the globe and…
These words are technical and professional to some extent. Their usage is to convey concepts in a specific field.
E.g. Connecting with one another in the modern world requires a knack for social networking and texting, which is the norm for the digital native.
These are non-finite verbs. They are due to indicate process in the form of active or passive voice.
3.Conclusion
With careful analysis, we could affirm that the register of this text is Science and Technology. In detail, we also summarize three features from the text to prove the thesis in this essay: Relationalization, participial phrases and particular lexical function. All of them are features of certain register. While this text is not the typical register of Science and Technology which is between specialists on research. It should belong to such kind of popular scientific reading. Be that as it may, the text still has a lot of obvious features of Science and Technology register.
【Reference】
1.张德禄张国.A Coursebook on English Stylistics 英语文体学教程.高等教育出
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2.刘向红安志红欧阳双龙佘锡铭.科技英语文体的语域特征[J].韶关学院学
报，2009(1)：-.
3.夏丽华.从语域分析的角度探讨科技英语的词汇特征[J].华北矿业高等专科学
校学报，2001，3(4)：105-106.
4.童远鹏.试论科技英语的语域概念[J].语文学刊：高等教育版，2007(2)：65-68.
5.赵萱.科技英语语域及其语言特点[J].山西农业大学学报：社会科学版，2006，
5(1)：47-48,52.
【Appendix】
What does it mean to be a digital native?
By Oliver Joy, CNN
December 8, 2012 -- Updated 1147 GMT (1947 HKT)
(CNN) -- The war between natives and immigrants is ending. The natives have won.
It was a bloodless conflict fought not with bullets and spears, but with iPhones and floppy disks. Now the battle between the haves and have-nots can begin.
The post-millennial "digital native," a term coined by U.S. author Marc Prensky in 2001 is emerging as the globe's dominant demographic, while the "digital immigrant," becomes a relic of a previous time.
The digital native-immigrant concept describes the generational switchover where people are defined by the technological culture which they're familiar with.
Read more: China looks to lead the Internet of Things
Prensky defines digital natives as those born into an innate "new culture" while the digital immigrants are old-world settlers, who have lived in the analogue age and immigrated to the digital world.
Although not Luddites, the immigrants struggle more than natives to adapt to hi-tech progress.
Read more: 'Father of the internet': Fight for its freedom
The author of "Teaching Digital Natives," whose success pushed him onto the speaking circuit, says the explosion of technology over the last 10 years is just the start of a symbiotic new world. Computers and handsets are becoming an extension of body and mind, creating a Cyborg-like population.
Prensky cites the 100-meter runner Oscar Pistorius, an athlete with prosthetic legs, as an example of how technology is used to enhance our lives. He told CNN: "For humans, what used to be this body of flesh and bone, all that is now just the center... Being human is a moving target."
The human race and its struggle to keep up with technology
Prensky says that at no time in history has technology moved so fast. Today the latest high-tech gizmos can be passe even before hitting the shop floors.
In the past -- during the post-industrial revolution era, for example -- accelerating technology has plateaued. So, with the meteoric rise of new social media outlets including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Skype, history suggests the world is overdue for a slowdown.
Read more: Why aren't robots doing my dishes yet?
But Prensky says this time, any slowdown in the digital age is a "myth," as innovation will only press forward "faster... And faster and faster."
He told CNN: "We are not going through a transition to another faze of stability, and that is the key point. People will always be behind now and that will be a stress they have to cope with."
The new norm
Connecting with one another in the modern world requires a knack for social networking and texting, which is the norm for the digital native. But for the immigrant, it can be akin to learning a whole new language.
Prensky illustrates his point with former director of the CIA David Petraeus. In November, he was embroiled in a scandal that revealed he had an affair with Paula Broadwell.
The FBI uncovered the affair while it investigated e-mails that Broadwell allegedly sent to a Petraeus family friend, Jill Kelley.
Prensky labels this naivety by immigrants as "digital stupidity" -- by assuming that when people decide to post online or send e-mails, they believe privacy is automatically applicable.
"People get frightened by change and they should be. They need courage to face the future these days, especially those who feel left behind." Prensky said. "People adapt instinctively and humans are very good at that. The young people live in the context; the older people see the changing context and struggle."
Digital poverty
As technology filters into every corner of the globe and tech cities spring up in some unlikely places from Bangalore to Tel Aviv, a new gulf is emerging to separate the digitally savvy from the disconnected: Poverty.
In India, over two-thirds of the population live on less than $2 a day, according to the World Bank. But a United Nations report still says that mobile phones are more common than toilets, with nearly half of India's 1.2 billion population armed with a handset. Nishant Shah, a director at the Centre for Internet and Society in India, told CNN that defining natives and immigrants by generation is a "serious concern." According to Shah, Prensky's views were formed from the "privileged" position of living in the U.S.
Shah added: "[Prensky's] observations may describe a generation gap that the U.S. faced, but if you transplant the same definition to other parts of the world, natives are sometimes indistinguishable from immigrants."
The real fear for Shah is the new hierarchies created by digital literacy and the class systems that will be shaped by access to digital technologies.
The call of the developing world
As mobile networks extend their reach and areas become increasingly urbanized, Western tech companies are seeking to tap markets with large populations.
Last year, Finnish phone maker Nokia released a range of smart phones targeted at consumers in emerging markets, particularly in Asia, to compete with cheaper Android devices.
But Shah argues bombarding a country with technology and infrastructure is not a rounded solution to the digital poverty problem.
India, for example, has connectivity and access in abundance, but the country continues to suffer from a generation of "digitally poor classes." He argues that simply providing the equipment does not help young people understand how that technology can better their lives without education and training.
Shah told CNN: "Just because young people have tech access in India, it doesn't make them digital natives." He added, "It creates digital outcasts -- people whose supposed problem of access to the world has been resolved."
Prensky, however, believes a "networked planet" is a sign developing nations will soon close the digital divide. Even those who don't yet have the technology still know that it exists, and will have it before long.
The world in 2020
By 2020, Prensky predicts people across the globe will be plugged into the "AORTA,"
-- Always On RealTime Access -- a term coined by Mark Anderson, the chief of the Strategic News Service -- specializing in technology news. A future in which people are constantly able to access information and news from anywhere on the planet.
Shah says that the works of science fiction may offer the most accurate insight into our futuristic society.
He said: "The presents that we live in, are the futures that our pasts have imagined." "Let us hope that the technologies of the future will also be designed to protect that which is sacred, and that which is important in our own understanding of being human."
高级英语文体分析
A Brief Stylistic Analysis on “ Mohamed Elbaradei’s Nobel Lecture for 2005” 外语系09级师范二班徐仲良11号 Abstract: On October 7, 2005, ElBaradei and the IAEA were announced as joint recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize for their "efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy, for peaceful purposes, is used in the safest possible way." ElBaradei donated all of his winnings to building orphanages in Cairo. The IAEA's winnings are being spent to train scientists from developing countries to use nuclear techniques in combating cancer and malnutrition. ElBaradei is the fourth Egyptian to receive the Nobel Prize, following Anwar Sadat (1978 in Peace), Naguib Mahfouz (1988 in Literature), and Ahmed Zewail (1999 in Chemistry). In his Nobel lecture, ElBaradei said that the changing landscape of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament may be defined by the emergence of an extensive black market in nuclear material and equipment, the proliferation of nuclear weapons and sensitive nuclear technology, and the stagnation in nuclear disarmament. To combat proliferation, ElBaradei has suggested keeping nuclear and radiological material out of the hands of extremist groups, tightening control over the operations for producing the nuclear material that could be used in weapons, and accelerating disarmament efforts.[71]ElBaradei also stated that only one percent of the money spent to develop new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world and that, if we hope to escape self destruction, nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience and no role in our security
英语文体学教程
Chapter1 1, what is style in your opinion according to what we have studied in this chapter? Anwser1 , from the perspective of the content, the events and activities described ,style is saying different things in different ways ;from the perspective of the ways of expression used ,styled is same thing in different ways; from the perspective of the users of language ,style is different speakers using language in different ways; and from the perspective of the text ,style is the functions of texts for different purposes. Anwser2, the definition of style is the concept of style as choice .this definition can have at least too interpretations .one is that first we have a pre-existing thought ,and then we choice the appropriate type of expression to express it in language. The chosen expression is the style .another is that the choice refers to the choice of meaning. The choice of language is at the same time a choice of meaning and a choice of style . 2,what is the significance of studying the style of language in learning and teaching English? Anwser, the answer is that if we want to use language appropriately in different situations , we need to study style .as foreign language learners, if we disregard the rules of using what variety of language in what occasion , or fail to obey them through ignorance , language can become instead a barrier to successful communication . Therefore its necessary to have a clear awareness of how language should be used in different types of situations especially in unfamiliar situations. 3, what factors can result in differences in style ? Answer , 1, the different types of vocabulary create different images of the events in the rea der’s mind, so they can result in different styles.2,people living in different periods of time in history will also speak differently ,and that will result in a different style. Chapter2 1, explain the following terms 1),foregrounding: the stylistically significant features have to be prominent and motivated ,that is ,foregrounded. 2),incongruity: the linguistic features depart from the normal use of language ,breaking the rules grammar ,spelling ,pronunciation. 3)deflection : the linguistic features don’t depart from the established grammatical, lexical and logical rules and principles ,but have an unexpected high frequency of occurrence. 4),field; its concerned with what is happening ,including the subject matter,the events happenings,going-ons, the content ,etc 5)tenor: its concerned with who is taking part in the exchange of meaning ----the relationship between the speaker and the listener ,their relative status,their attitude,and their role relations . 6)mode: its concerned with how the interaction is conducted ,that is whether it is written or spoken ,or whether it is expressed by phonic substance or graphic substance. 2,question for discussion 2)in rhetorical series,the number of items can influence the stylistic effect.try to analyze the causes on the basis of social culture. Answer :different numbers of words can produce different stylistic effects in the appropriate contexts. Two items express assertion ,that is ,it is just this ,not that .In appropriate situations three items can produce ethic ,persuasive, and representative effect. Four or more items in a series
《简·爱》英语文体学分析
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最新英语文体学知识重点
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英语文体学
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5.1 The interpersonal function of language 1.Functions of language: ●the ideational / referential function ●the interpersonal / social / expressive function ●the textual function 2. Tenors of discourse: the relationship between participants in the situation, their roles and status. The participant relations that determine the tenor of discourse range through varying degrees of permanence.
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点，从而提高学生的文体意识，学会正确使用英语，提高学生的英语综合应用能力及文学鉴赏力。 2 文体学理论 文体学（stylistics）是一门运用现代语言学理论和方法研究文体，研究语言表达方式和表达效果的学科。Style（文体）指某种语体的风格特征，即适用于某特定语言环境的一整套语言变异形式。文体学（stylistics）是指“对（style）变异的研究，语言风格变异取决于语言使用的场合，也取决于作者或说话者希望能对读者或听者作成的影响”。[1]随着语言学研究的开展，文体学吸取了传统的风格学与修辞学的某些成分，以语言学的理论和方法为依据，从日常谈话到正式演讲，从诗歌到散文，从新闻、广告到小说、戏剧，进行系统的分析研究，探讨语言风格上的特点，并寻求其规律。 文体学在大学英语教学中的运用主要体现在文体分析上。英语文体分析主要采用比较语言学的方法，通过对语音、词汇、语法、句法及语篇结构等的文体及社会功能、英语的变异现象和各种变体的描述与分析，帮助学生初步掌握各种描述分析语言的方法，以及了解语言在特定环境中的文体特征、社会功能，同时要通过作品的描述和分
英语语言学基础知识
英语语言学基础知识 一、绪论语言学的定义语言的定义语言学的研究范畴语言的甄别特征 几对基本概念 (2) a large amount of communication is carried out in speech than in writing What is linguistics? 什么是语言学？ (3) speech is the form in which infants acquire their native language Language and parole 语言与言语 Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. It studies not any particular language, but languages in general. 语言学是对语言科学地进行研究的学科。语言学所要 研究的不是某一种特定的语言，Language refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 而是人类所有语言的特性。 Parole refers to the realization of language in actual use The scope of linguistics 语言学研究的范畴 Competence and performance 能力与运用 Phonetics语音学\Phonology音系学\Morphology形态学\Syntax句法学\Semantics语义学\Pragmatics语用学Chomsky defines competence as the ideal users’ knowledge of the rules of his language \Sociolinguistics社会语言学\Psycholinguistics心理语言学\Applied linguistics应用语言学 Performance: The actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Prescriptive vs. descriptive 规定性与描述性 What is language? 什么是 语言？ Descriptive：A linguistic study describes and analyzes the
未选择的路 赏析 英语文体学论文
An Stylistics analysis on the Poem the Road Not Taken by Robert Frost 英语文体学结课论文
摘要 罗伯特·弗罗斯特是一名美国著名诗人，本诗《未选择的路》是他的一篇名作，诗中以作者面对森林中两条道路时的思想活动展开描写，引出了深刻的哲理——面对人生的选择要慎重考虑，且无法回头。本诗语言朴实，全文通俗易懂，且采用传统的诗歌文体，读来朗朗上口，但意味深长。本文从诗歌的文体，作者，以及思想三个方面对此诗做了简略分析。 关键词: 道路，选择，通俗，文体 Abstract The Road Not Taken is a famous poem written by the notable American poet Robert Frost. This poem is started from the psychological activity of the writer when he was facing the two roads in the forest, and then lead to a profound philosophy——people must keep cautious when facing choices, and could never come back. The language is and traditional and easy to understand. This paper makes a brief analysis on this poem from three aspects: literary form, writer, and clou. Key words: roads, choice, easy to understand, literary form
文体学论文
Stylistic Analysis of An Extract of Conversation Introduction Conversation is the most commonly used kind of language. Therefore , it is especially a variety familiar to the majority of English -speaking people . This variety is used in everyone’s daily life . And it has its own distinct stylistic features . Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies style in a scientific and systematic way concerning the manners/linguistic features of different varieties of language at different levels. Causal style is the language used for situations in which no social barriers are felt by the participants. It is the language used among intimate friends, acquaintances, insiders, and people with shared knowledge. In casual visits ,chance meetings ,casual talks, or letters between friends this style is often found . Colloquial words, clipped words, clipped words, phrasal verbs, blend words are often used. Sentences are usually short, elliptical, with a lot of contractions. And the tone tends to be friendly and informal. This passage possesses almost all characteristics of conversation. It could be an appropriate material for stylistic analysis. This is a conversation between two housewives who are in the same age range
英语文体学学期论文范文
英语文体学学期论文范文 英语文体学学期论文范文-Stylistic Analysis of Brack Obamas Victory SpeechAbstract: Public speech is an art. It presents the features of formal written language while exhibiting characteristics of the spoken. Barack Obama ,an excellent speaker, addressed his victory speech on NOV 5, 2008 in Chicago. This speech, which is very convincing, is considered a classic. This paper analysis the speech from four aspects: content, grammatical features, lexical features and semantic features. Through the essay, we can have a better understanding of the public speech.Key Words: Obama, victory speech; stylistic analysisOn NOV 5,2008,Barack Obama was elected the 44th president of America, becoming the first national leader in American history. On the evening, Obama addressed his victory speech in Chicago. The theme of Obamas victory speech is change is coming to America in response to the special period of US. Form the perspective of stylistics, the speech can be analyzed form four aspects: content, grammatical features, lexical features and semantic features.1.Introduction of the contentIn terms of the main idea of the speech, it can be divided into five parts, including:celebration(para.1-5),thanks(para.6-10),challenge(para.3
《英语文体学》1-7总结
第一章文体学相关研究内容 文体学分为普通文体学和文学文体学，二者有重叠部分，但在此我们所研究的是普通文体学，文体学研究的是语言风格，对语言，人们的理解有很多种，但不管哪种说法，无可否认，语言都是人类表达思想、互相交流的手段，并且有很多具不同意旨的言语事件；风格是与说话人的语言习惯、时代背景相关的，是人门特有的表达方式，因人而异，对语言起到一定修饰作用并且关系到语言表达的有效性。因此，文体学研究会涉及各种语言变体及相关特征、功用。文体学对提高理解力和鉴赏水平有很大帮助。此外，文体学还与语言学、修辞学及文学评论等相关联。接下来的章节中将具体阐述相关内容。 第二章文体学研究的必要性 学习文体学可以提高我们语言使用的精确性，犹如不能在婚礼上穿牛仔装一样，语言使用要合乎当时、当地的具体环境，这就涉及文体学中的言语事件；学习文体学有利于提高我们对文学作品的理解与鉴赏水平，因为文学创作中，作者不可避免会对作品的语言、风格做选择，在文学评论三部曲（描述、解读、评估）中会涉及相关内容；文体学对满足翻译适应性有很大帮助，翻译很难做到完全对应，但基本原则一致是必须的，如作品基调、作品体裁等一致。以上文体学内容中都有涉及。 第三章语言变体 在不同的社交场合，有不同的约定俗成的语体。根据特定场合的语言习惯及其中特定说话人的语言使用，语言变体可以分为两种：方言变体和语域变体。方言变体与不同的语言使用者相关，分为个人方言、时间方言、地域方言、社会方言和标准方言；语域变体与不同社交场合相关，其构成要素是语场、语式和语旨。两种变体并非独立存在而是有一定的相关性，比如，在同一种族、同一领域或同一社会地位，为了增进了解，说话人可能会选择这一具某种共同特征人群的行内语言。此外，从语言变体中，我们还可以获知说话人的某些相关信息，如职业、国家和说话意旨等。 第四章语言描述 了解了语言变体，本章节探讨各种语言变体的具体表述问题，即具体语言表述。在这个层面上，文体学提供了一种系统的分析方法，使我们对付各种文章轻而易举。文体学上对语言描述的研究分别从语言层次上着手，即从音系、语相上，词汇语法上和语义上着手。各个层次上的具体特征表现共同或分别作用于文章整体，以达到某种表达效果。因此，在对语言描述进行具体分析时，就要着眼于这几个层次上的文体特征，具体步骤：系统浏览文章并记录具有已述特征的语言点；量化语言特征的使用频率；评估文体特征在文中的重要意义；对文章总体进行综合评述，尤其是对逻辑关系和整体思路。另外，我们可以将这种方法应用到对变体种类和语场的分析中。 第五章正式语和非正式语 语言所承载的基本功能是人际交流功能，根据参与者和具体语言环境，语言有正式和非正式的差别。说话人社会地位愈高、具体场合愈正式，语言使用就越严谨、越正式；在日常对话或与关系愈亲密的人对话时，语言使用就越生活化、越轻松。语言使用的正式程度与话语意旨密切相关，由此产生日常习语、法律术语、政治术语等等专门语言，Martin Joos将正式程度变化划分五级：僵化、正式、咨询、随便、亲密。不同语言环境下，语言正式度会不同，说话人会随外部语言环境自行调节。正式用语与非正式用语在词汇、音调、语义上都有所不同，前者用词多是正式书面化，吐词清晰、完整，逻辑性强；后者则相反。根据同现限制原则，我们可以分辨语言使用的正式程度高低。 第六章口语和书面语 根据语言传播媒介，语言分为口语和书面语，二者在很多方面均有不同。与书面语相比，口语一般是说话人与听话人面对面交流，说话人需要听话人关注，并及时得到反馈，所以多
英语文体学 1
English Stylistics 英语文体学 Course Introduction Course title: English Stylistics Course hours: 2 per week, 34 in total Assessment: 1. Attendance 2. After-class preparation for related topics 3. In-class performance and involvement 4. Quiz 5. Final exam Teaching Objectives: Have a systematic knowledge of the features of different varieties of language Make appropriate use of language in our communication Familiarize ourselves with the stylistic features of the different genres of literature Deepen our understanding and appreciation of literary works Offer useful ideas on translation and language teaching Textbook: English Stylistics(英语文体学) Other reference books: Introduction to English Stylistics《英语文体学引论》（丁往道王佐良）
英语文体学考试
The analysis of Americans and the land from the perspective of stylistics This essay mainly talks about the fact that Americans who treat the nature without responsibility and mercy just like their early settlers. The author John Steinbeck, who is one of the winners of the Nobel Prize for literature, described how people pillaged the country vividly from different perspectives. He tries to express the idea that human should live with nature harmoniously. This paper is going to do the stylistic analysis from the aspects of vocabulary, syntax and the context. In terms of vocabulary, there exists an intimate relationship between vocabulary and stylistics. Jonathan swift defined stylistics as ”putting proper words in proper order”. Different words have different emotive tendency. In this essay, the author uses the pronoun “they”–meaning the Americans, six times, expressing his dissatisfaction of everything their ancestors have done to the continent. In the second paragraph, the word “our” is used nine times, functioning in the following two aspects. The first is to state his sorrow for the environment we has to live with has been severely polluted. The repeatedly presentation of the word empathized the effect. The second is to satirize the pillagers’ arrogancy and ignorance. These two pronouns well conveyed the idea that man should not conquer and change the environment but maintain the balance of the eco-system. He also uses the figure of personification for example ”Then the plows went in and ripped off the protection water and slow drought and the mischievous wind that roamed through the Great Central Plains.” Sentences are the basic units of language, which have different structures. In the first paragraph, the author used parallelism to strengthen the tone and ellipsis which briefly and intensely expressed the author’s idea. The combination of parallelism and ellipsis such as “They burned “successfully exhibits how fast people destruct the environment. The figure of simile has also been used for example “they come as though” and “… as though they held”. The American treat the country as a quarry not