中考英语：短文填空题(12选10)答题指导和练习(含答案)

2016中考英语：短文填空题(12选10)答题指导与练习

一、短文填空题型说明

短文填空也叫综合填空，其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后，要求考生根据短文的意思，在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整正确。它是测试同学们理解能力及对词汇、语法和习惯用法等的掌握情况的一种形式。这是中考中一个比较难的项目。其原因是考点不明确：凡涉及英文的理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。内容更是包罗万象：天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等。要求同学们在读通、读懂的基础上，填出符合内容和语法的词或词组。凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围，各种介词、副词和习惯用法也会经常考到。尤其对于长句子，特别要注意其结构，要精确地分析句子成分。在做综合填空时，要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。句子读得越快越长，理解的精度就越高。根据其难度的不同又分为选词填空题、限词填空题和自由填空题。

二、短文填空解题思路

1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。

2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。

3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

三、做短文填空题的注意之处

1. 语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。

2. 要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。

3. 填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式;若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级;如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。

4. 有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。

5. 选词填空题和限词填空题一般只有一个答案，自由填空题虽然可能允许有多个正确答案，但只能选择其中一个填入，因为完形填空题每个空格只准填写一个单词，多填反而出错。

1

Pass use open close with break help so other another pleasant do

American people like to say “Thank you”whenever others __________ them or say something kind to them. People of many countries do __________, too. It is a very good habit(习惯).

You should say “thank you”when someone __________ you the salt on the table, when someone walking ahead of you keeps the door ________ for you, when someone says you have _________ your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful. “Thank you” is _________ not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. “Excuse me” i s _________ short sentence they use. When you hear someone say so behind you, you know that somebody wants to walk past you _______ touching you.

It’s not polite to ________ others while they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say “Excuse me”first, and then begin talking. You should also do so when you want to cough or make any ________ noise before others.

Let’s all learn to say “Thank you”and “Excuse me”.

2

Snow rain become get from lose write put in care wet dry

Once Einstein(爱因斯坦) was waiting for a friend on a bridge. While waiting, he became ___________ in thought (陷入沉思). It began _________. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein _________ out a piece of paper ________ his pocket __________ something down, the paper was __________ and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes _________wet from the rain. But after he _________ the paper into his pocket, he again forgot he was standing ________ the rain.

Many scientists are careless about how they live. That is because they are too ________ in their studies.

3

Ask like for cut soon have pass past why meet if agree

A barber( 理发师) was working when a tall man came in with a boy of about ten after

him. The barber was _________ to give him a shave(刮脸) and the child a haircut(理发)

After the man had his shave, he told the barber that he would ________ to go down the street _______ a drink while the barber _________ the boy’s hair. The man also promised the boy that he would be back _________.

It took the barber long to give the boy a haircut. Another half an hour _________ and the boy was still kept waiting. In the end the barber asked the boy _________ his father was away so long.

The small boy told the barber that the man was not his father at all. He said he ____________him in the street and was asked ________ he would like to have a haircut. He ____________ and followed the man here for a haircut.

4

Quick food much when kitchen so such send bring still surprise many

Many years ago, an English family were living in China. One evening an important Chinese officer came to visit them. It got later and later, and he _______ didn’t go, so the hostess( 女主人) invited him to have dinner with them. But she had very little _________ in the house, so she ________went to the kitchen and spoke to her Chinese cook. He said, “It is all right. You will have a very good dinner.”

_________ they all sat down to eat, the lady was very __________ because there was ________very good food on the table.

After the dinner, the hostess ran to the ________ and said to the cook, “How do you made ______ a good meal in half an hour?”

“I didn’t make it, madam,”he said, “I ________ one of the servants( 仆人) to the Chinese officer’s house, and he ________ back the Chinese officer’s dinner.”

5

Third long arrive still now to pass begin after something hour other

Bob was tired of waiting for his sister’s plane to _________. The plane should have come at half _______ three P.M. and now, seven _________later, Bob was _________ waiting. There had been ________times for him to hear the explanation(解释) why the plane was late from the loudspeaker. _________ the first time, Bob had ________ to eat. The second time he _________ to walk in the airport( 飞机场) from one end to ________. By the third time hewas tired and hungry. “How ________ will this go on?”Bob said to himself.

6

Big call without more little in house out come weather just window

Before windows were used , old ________ in Europe(欧洲) and Britain were very dark. There great rooms were high _________ only one hole on the roof (房顶) to let the smoke __________from cooking fire. Later, people began to make the holes _________ to have more light and air in their homes.

The first English window was _________ a small opening in the wall. It was cut long to let in as _______ light as possible, and narrow( 狭窄) to keep out the bad _________. But more wind than light would _________ in if the window was cut long. This is why it was _________ “The wind’s eye”. And the word “___________”comes from two ancient(古代的) words for “wind”and “eye”.

7

While many know hear in each empty both care across before safe

Every day some people are killed while they are crossing the road. _________ of these people are old people and children. Old people are often killed because they can’t see or ________ very well.

Children are often killed because they are not _________. They forget to look and listen before they ___________ the road.

A car or a bus can’t stop if it is going very fast, it will travel many metres _________it stops. Some people don’t always understand this. They think a car can stop _________ a few metres. It is difficult to _________ how fast a car moving. The only way to cross the roads _________ is to look ________ways, right and left. Then if the roads are ________, you can cross them.

8

Good slow study must strong play watch say return mean need hard

What is best way to study? This is a very important question. Some students often study very ________ for long hours. This is a ______ habit(习惯), but itis not a better way to study. A good student ________ have enough sleep, enough food, enough rest. Every day you ________ to take a walk or _________ basketball or table tennis or sing songs. When you _________ to your studies, you will find yourself ________than before and you’ll learn more.

Perhaps we can ________ that learning English is like taking Chinese medicine. We _________that like Chinese medicine, the effects(效果) of your study come _______ but surely. Learn every day and effects will come just like Chinese medicine.

9

They, careful, be, fact, take, would, other, stand, what , decide

I am eighteen years old this year. I ___1__ a pupil before and now I’m a university student. My mother was my first teacher when I was very little. Then, I had three __2__ teachers in different schools. Now Miss Williams is one of my university teachers.

I have never expected that I will be a teacher one day. I am a shy girl and I am afraid of __3__ before many people. I do not know __4__ to say. But I will be a teacher tomorrow! Tomorrow morning!

I made this __5__ just two weeks ago. Miss Williams, my English teacher, told me there was a teacher job, just for two weeks in this summer. She asked if I __6__ be interested. I wanted to make some money, so I said ”yes”to her . At once I regretted but it was too late to __7__ my word back.

There are about twenty foreign boys and girls in the class. They know very little English.

I have__8__ read the book that Williams gave me. Four of the lessons are very simple, in __9__ too simple. I do not know what to do with these few simple words and sentences. I will read the lesson to them, and ask them to read after me, and then ask them to read it___10__. That will be about ten minutes. What shall I do next?

( 1 )

We can ’t stop an earthquake(地震), but we can do things to make sure they don’t destroy(毁坏) whole cities. First, it is not a 1 .________ idea to build houses along lines where 2. ________ of the earth’s plates(板块) join together. Second, if you think there 3. ________ be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks , not on 4. ________. Third, you must make the houses as 5. ________ as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. ________ . Scientists are 7. ________ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco(旧金山) . They call it “The Big One ”. However, people today are still building more 8. ________ . The population in and around San Francisco is 9. ________ ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10. ________ there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.

( 2 )

forget, bring ，mend，beside，luck，pick，same，differently, I ，every , stop，each

Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 ________ him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 ________ there. One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 ________ to take an umbrella with him that

day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 _______ the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5 ________ up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was gettin g off, he was 6 ________ by the man. He said angrily, “That’s 7________ !” Mr. Brown’ s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once. When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 ________ of them, he said, “You’ve mended them very well.”

In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 ________ man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, “You’ve had a 10 ________ day,”he said.

not speak, call , idea, and, what, garden, hear , quiet , do ,eat ,

name say

( 3 )

A farmer saw an old man growing something on the other side of the river. The farmer 1. ________ out to him, “What are you growing , Grandpa? ”The old man 2 . ________ for a moment, then said, “Swim over 3. ________ I’ll tell you.”The farmer didn’t like the 4. ________ of swimming across the river. But he wanted to know 5. ________ the old man was doing. He swam over. The old man said very 6. ________ in his ear, “ I’m planting peas in m y 7. ________ .”

“You should have shouted. I would have 8. ________ quite clearly on that side.”Said the farmer.

“Oh, no, I wouldn’t 9. ________ that . The sparrows would have heard me and 10. ________ my peas.”

( 4 )

telephone , for, lose, so, strong, clever, somebody, good, happy, outside, everybody, at

Mrs Andrews had a young cat, and it was the cat ’s first winter. One evening it was 1._______when it began to snow heavily. Mrs Andrews looked 2. ____it everywhere and shouted its name, but she did not find it, 3. ________ she telephone the police and said, “I have 4. ________ a small black cat. Has 5. ________ found one? ”“No，madam, ”said the policeman at the other end, “But cats are really very 6. ________ animals. They sometimes live for days in the snow, and when it melts (融化) or somebody finds th em, they are quite 7. ________ .”

Mrs Andrews felt 8. ________ when she heard this. “And ,”she said, “Our cat is very 9. ________. She almost talks. ”The policeman was getting tired, “Well then, ”he said “Why don’t you put your 10.________ down? Maybe she is trying to telephone you now.

( 5 )

tell, hear, listen to , guard, drum, much, fly , army, with, other,

way , instruction

Here are some old ways to sending messages.

An Egyptian( 埃及人) put his ear to the ground. He 1 . ________ the horses coming this way. He ran to 2. ________ his people . He was a 3. ________ . That was one way for Egyptians to send messages.

People in 4.________ countries sent message, too. When enemies came, one man beat his drum. In the next village people heard the drum and beat their drums, too. The messages went from village to village by 5.________ .

Much 6. ________ , some armies ( 军队) kept many pigeons(鸽子) . These pigeons always 7. ________ back. When a soldier was sent far away from his own 8. ________ , he might take a pigeon along. He could tie a message to the bird’s leg. It would fly back 9. ________ the soldier’s message. These are shown ways to send messages. Can you think of more 10. ________?

( 6 )

before, discover , fast, in, come, watch , so, fastly, it, ago , shine, not can

Light travels at a speed( 速度) which is about a million times 1 . ________ than that of sound. 2. ________ one second, light travels about 300,000 kilometers, but sound travels only 340 meters. You can get some idea of this difference by 3. ________ the start of a running match. If you stand far away from the starter(发令员), you can see smoke 4.________ from his gun 5.________ the sound reaches your ears. The fast speed of light produces some strange facts. The nearest star is 6. ________ far away that light which you can see from it tonight started to travel to you four years 7. ________ at a speed of nearly two million kilometers every minute. The light from some of tonight’s started on 8. ________ journey towards you even before you were born. So, if we want to be honest(诚实), we 9. ________ say , “The stars are shining brightly tonight.”We have to say, “The stars look nice. They were 10. ________ four years ago but their light has just reached our earth. ”

happy, interest, problem, never, get away, eye, run , tire, have, miss ,catch,

think

( 7 )

Aman was sitting in the doctor ’s office. He was telling the doctor about his 1 . ________ .“I like football, Doctor.”He said, “Please help me. My life has 2. ________ been

a good one since I became 3. ________ in football and it is getting worse and w orse. I can’t even

4.________ from it in my sleep. When I close my

5.______, I’m out there in th e football field and

6. _______after a flying ball. When I wake up, I’m more

7. _____than I was before I went to bed. What am I going to do? ” The doctor sat ba ck and said, “First of all, you

8. ______to do your best not to dream(做梦) about football. Before you fall asleep, try to

9. ____about something else. Try to think that you are at a party and someone is going to give you several million dollars.”

“Are you crazy (疯了) ?”the man shouted, “I’ll 10. ________ the ball !”

( 8 )

other, move, enough, find ,desert, make, use , another, friend , carry , trouble, friend

You may think there is nothing but sand in the desert of the world, but it is not true. In the desert we can 1._______ stones. We can see hills, too. There is a little rain in the 2.________, but it is not 3. ______ for most plants.

The animals are 4. _______ to the desert people in many ways. The desert people eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals. They use their skins to 5. ________ shoes, water bags and even tents( 帐篷). They use the camels(骆驼) for 6. _______ things.

The people of the desert have to keep 7. _______ from places to place. They must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in the tents. When there is mo more food for their animals, they take down their tents, put them on the camels and move to 8. _______ place. The desert people are very 9. _______. No man in the desert would ever refuse to help the people in 10._______ and give them food and water.

( 9 )

how, they ,winter, summer，spend, care , dance , take, show , open , only, good

The world of the out-of doors is full of secrets. And 1. ________ are so interesting that quite a lot of people are busy studying them. All around us are birds, animals, trees and flowers. The facts about 2.________ they live and grow are as interesting as anything could be.

Do you know that one of the great presidents of the United States 3 ________ hours and hours studying birds? A businessman who lives near New York City became so interested in insects( 昆虫) that he began to collect them. He now has more than one thousand different kinds 4. ________ kept in the glass boxes. Come then with me, and I will help you find some of Nature’s secrets. Let us go quietly through the woods an d fields. Here we shall find how a rabbit tells the other rabbits that there is danger. We shall follow a mother bear and her young ones as they search for food and get ready for 5. ________ sleep. We shall watch bees 6. ________ in the air to let other bees know where they can find food. I will 7.________ you many other interesting things, but the 8. ________ thing that I can teach you is to keep your eyes and ears 9.________

when you go out of doors. Nature tells her secrets 10.________ to people who look and listen carefully.

( 10 )

two, sudden , cold, teach, in surprise, French, hot, beard, photo, office, passport, China

Mr Hill arrives at London Airport, at the end of a three-week holiday in 1. ________. Usually he wears a beard( 蓄着胡须). Since it has been 2.________ there, he has taken it off (剃掉). But his passport photo shows him with his 3. ________. An officer looks at the 4. ________for a moment, and says，"Will you excuse me? Please sit down. I shan't keep you long." With this, he walks away, shows the photo to a second 5.________, and says: "I know that face." The second officer looks at the 6. ________ and asks where Mr Hill has come from. When he hears that Mr Hill has arrived back from Paris, the 7.________ officer smiles and says: "An Englishman with a beard stole a painting in Paris on Friday, And that man looks just the kind of man..." 8.________ it comes to the first officer who Mr Hill is. He returns to him, and asks: "Did you9. ________ at the No.2. High School?" When Mr Hill answers, 10. ________, that he did, the first officer smiles and says: "I thought so. I'm Jack Smith. You taught me French. You haven't changed a bit."

how, much, safe, thank, play , be, invent , no, so , interest, must , ask

( 11 )

Thomas Edison was a great American 1._______. When he was a child, he was always 2._______ questions and trying out new ideas. No matter 3._______ hard it was, he never gave up.Young Tom was in school for only three months. His teacher didn ’t understand why he had 4.________ man y strange questions. Most of them were not about his lessons. The teacher didn’t want to teach Tom any 5.________ . He asked Tom’s mother to take the boy home. Tom’s mother taught him to read and write, and she found him 6.________ a very good pupil. He learnt very fast and became very 7.________ in science.

One day , he saw a little boy 8.________ on the railway tracks at a station. A train was coming near quiclly, and the boy was too frightened to move. Edison rushed out and carried the boy to 9 .________. The boy ’s father was so 10.________ that he taught Edison to send messages by telegraph.

( 12 )

as, sleep ,dream, like, again, about, think, must, wake up, quick, much ,why

"Dreams ( 梦) may be more important than sleep. We all need to dream," some scientists say. Dreams take up about one quarter of our 1 .________ time. People have several 2. ________each night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in colour. Some dreams are 3. ________ old films. They come to us over and over 4. ________. That may be because the

dreamer is worrying about something. Dreaming may be a way of trying to find an answer. Some people get new ideas 5. ________ their work fromdreams. They may have been 6. ________ about their work all day. These thoughts can carry over into dreams. Sometimes we 7. ________ with a good feeling from a dream. But often we can't remember the dream. Dreams can disappear (消失) 8. ________ from memory (记忆). Too much dreaming can be harmful (有害的). The 9. ________ we sleep, the longer we dream. The mind is hard at work when we dream. That is 10. ________ we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.

( 13 )

see, looked for, hunt , dog ,kill , wolf ,die, tear , remind , back , hunt , his, remember

More than seven hundred years ago, the Prince of Wales had a very big and brave dog called Gelert.

One day the Prince wanted to go 1. ________ with his men. He told his 2. ________ to stay at home and look after his baby son. The baby was in a wooden cradle ( 摇篮), which was like a small bed. When the Prince came back from hunting, Gelert ran out to meet his master. He wagged his tail and jumped up to put his paws (前爪)on the Prince's chest. Then the Prince saw the blood on Gelert's jaws and head.

"What have you done?" the Prince said. He rushed into his house and 3. ________his baby son. The cradle was lying on its side on the floor. The clothes were torn and there was blood on them. "So you have killed my son?" the Prince said angrily. "You unfaithful dog!" He took out his sword (剑) and 4. ________ the dog. Just as Gelert was 5. ________ , he managed to bark. Then the Prince heard a baby call to the dog. The Prince ran out of the house and saw his son lying on the ground unhurt. Near him was a dead 6. ________. Then the Prince knew that Gelert had defended(保卫) the baby and killed the wolf. The Prince ran 7. ________ into the house but he was too late. Gelert was dead. The Prince was very sad indeed. 8. ________ ran down his face when he realized 'he had killed 9. ________faithful friend. The Prince carried the body of his brave dog to the top of a mountain and buried him there. After this, the Prince never smiled again. Every morning at dawn, he walked up the mountain and stood by the dog's grave for a few minutes.

If you go to Mount Snowdon in Wales, people will show you where Gelert is buried. There is a sign by his grave. It 10. ________people of a brave and faithful dog.

and ,receive , satellite , weather , change ,help, or , early , for, when, forecast , star

( 14 )

Satellites Forecast the Weather.Now satellites are helping to forecast ( 预报) the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The 1.________ take pictures of the atmosphere (大气), because this is where the weather forms (形成). They send

these pictures to the 2. ________ station. So the scientists there can see the weather of any part of the world and tell how the weather will change.

Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries can 3. ________ satellite pictures. 4. ________they receive the new pictures, they compare ( 比较) them with the earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have 5. ________ during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather 6. ________, they can tell people about it. So the weather satellites are of a great 7. ________ to the scientists at the station. In the past they could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours 8. ________. Now they can make good forecasts for three 9 ________ five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather 10. ______ a week or more ahead.

Answers:

一1.good 2.two 3. may 4.sand 5.strong 6. stay up 7. afraid 8.houses 9.now 10.if

二1.brought 2.mended 3. forgot 4. beside 5.picked 6. stopped 7. mine 8.each 9. same 10. lucky

三1. called 2.didn’t speak 3. and 4.idea 5. what 6.quietly 7.garden 8.heard 9.do 10. eaten

四1.outside 2.for 3. so 4. lost 5. anybody 6.strong 7. well 9. clever 8. happier 10. telephone

五1 heard 2. tell 3. guard 4. other 5. drum 6. more 7 . flew 8. army 9. with 10.ways

六1.faster 2.In 3. watching 4. come 5. before 6. so 7. ago 8. its 9. cannot 10. shining

七1. problem 2.never 3. interested 4.get away 5.eyes 6. running 7.tired 8.have 9.think 10.miss

八1.find 2.desert 3.enough https://www.360docs.net/doc/9818431149.html,eful 5.make 6. carrying 7. moving 8. another 9.friendly 10.trouble

九1they 2. how 3. spent 4. carefully 5. winter 6. dancing 7. show 8. best 9. open 10. only

十1.France 2.hot 3. beard 4. photo 5. office 6. passport 7. second 8. Suddenly 9. teach 10. in surprise

十一 1.inventor 2. asking 3.how 4.so 5. more 6.to be 7.interested 8.playing 9. safety 10.thankful

十二 1 .sleeping 2.dreams 3.like 4. again 5. about 6. thinking 7. wake up 8. quickly 9.

more 10. why

十三 1.hunting 2. dog 3. looked for 4,killed 5. dying 6. wolf. 7. back 8.Tears 9. his10. reminds

十四 1.satellites 2.weather 3.receive 4.When 5.changed 6. forecast 7. help 8.earlier 9. or 10. for