裕兴新概念英语第三册笔记 第四课 课文讲解
裕兴新概念英语第三册笔记第四课课文讲解
老猴子咬菜根学习交流
The double life of Alfred Bloggs 阿尔弗雷德?布洛格斯的双重生活These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as "white-collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.
When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf'.
1. These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. 如今，从事体力劳动的人的收入一般要比坐办公室的人高出许多。
these days 眼下，如今
money n. 钱, 金钱; 货币
receive money 拿工资
save money 存钱
spend money 花钱
make money 挣钱
eg. Spend the money tomorrow today. 今天花明天的钱。
far more…than…
far more money 多得多的钱
some more money 多一些的钱
lots more money 多得多的钱
a lot more…多得多
a little more 多一点点
2. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as "white-collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. 坐办公室的之所以常常被称作“白领工人”，就是因为他们通常是穿着硬领白衬衫，系着领带去上班。
be referred to as 被称作
eg. He is referred to as walking dictionary. 他被称作活字典。
be known to us all as 大家叫他...
eg. He is known to us all as walking dictionary. 我们大家都管叫他活字典。
be recognized as 认出是...
eg. In the torchlight, he was recognized as Bill by the vicar.
借着手电筒的光，牧师一下子就认出来他是比尔。
refer---referred---referring
prefer---preferred---preferring
stir---stirred---stirring
star---starred---starring
eg. Forrest Gump was starred by Tom Hanks. 《阿甘正传》由汤姆·汉克斯主演
(wear) a collar and tie 穿着衬衫，打着领带
a fork and knife 一副刀叉
a singer and dancer 一个歌舞演员
a father and mother 既当爹又当妈
3. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 许多人常常情愿放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣，此乃人之常情。
Such is human nature, that a great many people are…that从句是such的同位语从句，而不是非限制性定语从句。
such is human nature 此乃人之常情
4. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation. 而这常常会引起种种奇怪的现象，在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷德·布洛斯就是一个例子。
This: 指示代词的替代关系，就是替代前文所谓的中心语，整个such的同位语从句：“that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.”
give rise to 引起
eg. That boys are weighed more important than girls can give rise to curious situations.
重男轻女会导致种种奇怪的社会现象。
eg. Pollution gave rise to a world wide green-house effect. 污染导致了全球温室效应。
give birth to 生了(...孩子)
eg. She gave birth to a pretty girl. 她刚刚生了一个漂亮的女孩。
as it did... 正像刚刚提到的这种现象所发生的一样
as引导了一个方式状语从句；
it: 上一句中that从句的内容；
did: 上句中的中心谓语give rise to curious situations
in the case of 就...的情形而言，对...来说
it was otherwise 另当别论
eg. Poverty depressed many people, but in the case of my father, it was otherwise.
贫穷曾使许多人一蹶不振，但就我父亲而言，则另当别论。
eg. Fat depressed many people, but in the case of Han Hong, it was otherwise.
肥胖曾使许多人一蹶不振，但就韩红而言，则另当别论。
eg. Difficulties depressed many people, but in the case of me, it was otherwise.
困难曾使许多人一蹶不振，但就我而言，则另当别论。
in case of 万一，以防
eg. Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 你最好带上雨伞，以防下雨。
eg. Bady guard 私人保镖：
A: What for? 干吗的？B: In case. 以防不测，以防万一
5. When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.
He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. 艾尔弗结婚时，感到非常难为情，而没有将自己的职业告诉妻子。他只说在埃尔斯米尔公司上班。
too…to…
get engaged 订婚
get married 结婚
get separated 分居
get divorced 离婚
Background notes:
The Oath 婚誓
I take you as my wedded husband from the moment forward. For better or worse, for rich or poor, health or sickness to love and cherish. As God is my witness, I give my promise. 我愿从现在这一刻开始成为你合法的妻子。无论好坏，我们祸福同担，无论贫穷还是富有，无论健康还是疾病，愿上帝做我们的证人，我发誓一生去爱和珍惜。
simply (尽管英文的副词在位置和结构上相对来说比较灵活，但有的时候由于位置放的不一样，会导致语言效果截然不同。)
eg. 1) He simply told his wife that he worked for the corporation. (and no more)
2) He told his wife that he worked for the corporation simply. (in a way that is easy to understand) 他简要地向妻子描述了他为这家公司工作的情况。
6. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. 每天早晨，他穿上一身漂亮的黑色西装离家上班，
dressed in a smart black suit 穿着漂亮得体的黑色西服
形容词短语作伴随状语
7. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. 然后换上工作服，当8个小时清洁工。晚上回家前，他洗个淋浴，重新换上那身黑色西服。
change into 换上：强调变化的结果
change back into 脱下来之后，又换回了
get into/put on 穿上
8. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. 两年多以来，艾尔弗一直这样，他的同事也为他保守秘密。
Alf did this ... 省略与代替
往往指人称代词或指示代词才可以作替代，替代一些前面提到的一些名词性东西。
eg. I can do so. 我是可以这样来做的。
指示代词或人称代词的替代用法是有口语和书面语之分的。
do so (书面)
do that/this （书面，口语皆可）
do it (口语)
eg. I can do it. 没问题，我能做。
fellow n.同伴，伙伴(亲切，易引起情感的共鸣)
fellow dustman 清洁工的工友
fellow townsman 同乡
（总统的演讲中）fellow countryman 同胞
（市长的演讲中）fellow citizen 市民们
-mate 伙伴
work mate 同事，同僚
roommate 室友
helpmate 妻子(贤内助)
classmate (同班)同学
soul mate 红颜知己、蓝颜知己
9. Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, 艾尔弗的妻子一直不知道她嫁给了一个清洁工，而且她永远也不会知道了，
have never done ... and never will 从不曾…今后也永远不
eg.--- Don't you know I have carried the torch for you for a long time.
你难道还不知道吗？我已经暗恋你很久了。
--- I'm sorry. I have never loved you and never will.
很遗憾，我从不曾爱过你，而且也永远不会。
10. for Alf has just found another job. 因为艾尔弗已找到薪职。
11. He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. 他不久就要坐办公室里工作了。他将来挣的钱只有他现在的一半。不过他觉得，地位升高了，损失点儿钱也值得。will soon be working 将来进行时，指这个动作将要从将来的某一时刻开始，并且要在将来的时间段之内重复地和持续地进行。如果不用将来进行时，而用will work也可以。用将来进行时起了强调作用，强调“从此以后他会一直在办公室工作”。
half as much as… （原级比较级）
同级比较：
as old as…
eg. She is twice as old as her son. 她的年龄是她儿子年龄的两倍。
as much as he used to (do)
eg. He will be earning only half as much as he used to.
to 的不定式省略了动词，当说话人为了避免重复刚刚提过的动词时，动词不定式的动作就被省略掉了。
会用到省略形式的词：want mean hope expect refuse seem intend
eg. I asked him to go to the party but he refused to. 我邀请他参加派对，但他拒绝了。
eg. I intended to go out for dinner with him, but he didn’t want to.
我本打算和他一起外出吃饭，但他却不想去。
rise in status 社会地位的上升
rise in taxes 税收增加
rise in prices 物价上涨
eg. The rise in prices gave rise to a series of social reactions.
物价上涨带来了一系列的社会反应。
rise in the world 崛起
eg. China as the largest developing country is rising in the world.
中国作为最大的发展中国家正在世界崛起。
rise and fall
eg. The level of people's moods rises and falls during a day. 人的情绪在一天当中有高有低。worth 值得
be worth doing (无被动语态)
be worth reading 值得一读
be worth watching 值得一看
be worth visiting 值得参观
eg. The book is worth reading.
The film is worth watching.
The exhibition is worth visiting.
It's worth the time. 这值得花时间。
It's worth the efforts. 这值得努力。
It's worth the hard work. 这值得辛苦工作。
eg. It's worth all the hard work you put in education when you see so many happy children.
看到这么多幸福的孩子，把辛苦的工作投入到教育当中是完全值得的。
worthy ['w?:ei] adj.应得某事物; 值得做某事；可尊敬的
be worthy of respect 值得尊敬的，值得受人尊敬的
be worthy of being respected
eg. She is such a good teacher that she is worthy of being respected.
deserve: to have earned sth. by good or bad behavior
eg.You get what you deserve. (You reap what you sow.) 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆
eg. He deserves it. (口) 他罪有应得。
12. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf'. 从此，艾尔弗可以一天到晚穿西服了。别人将称呼他为“布洛格斯先生”，而不再叫他“艾尔弗”了。
from now on 从现在开始