当代研究生英语读写教程翻译答案上、下册

【上册】

Unit1

The possibility of a real market-style evolution of governance is at hand.In cyberspace ,we'll be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed--intellectual property content and access c ontrol,Rules about privacy and free speech. Some communities will allow anyone in;others will restrict access to members who qualify on one basis or another.Those communities that prove self-sustainin g will prosper(and perhaps grow and split into subsets with ever-more-particular interests and identitie s).Those that can't survive-either because people lose interest or get scared off--will simply wither awa y.

译：一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度----知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等。有些群体允许任何人加入，而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。能够自持的群体会兴旺发展（或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个分支）。有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，他们将渐渐萎缩消亡。

Unit2

Once the problem is understood,improvement comes naturally.Women who feel abandoned and depr ived when their husbands won't listen to or report daily news may be happy to discover their husband s trying to adapt once they understand the place of small talk in women's relation-ships. But if their h usbands don't adapt,the women may still be comforted that for men,this is not a failure of intimacy.A ccepting the difference, the wives may look to their friends or family for that kind of talk.And husban ds who can't provide it shouldn't feel their wives have made unreasonable demands. Some couples wil l still decide to divorce, but at least their decisions will be based on realistic expectations.

译：一旦问题得到理解，情况自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫不倾听或不谈论每天发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丧失生活乐趣的女性会高兴的发现，她们的丈夫一旦知道了不起眼的谈话在女性关系中的地位后，正努力地在适应。如果丈夫不适应，妻子仍然能够得到安慰，因为她知道，对男人来说，这不是不亲密的表现。当妻子接受了男女存在区别这一事实后，便会去找自己的朋友或家人说一说话。那些不能够给予妻子谈话快乐的丈夫，也不应该觉得妻子提出了无理要求。仍然会有一些夫妻决定离婚，但起码他们的决定是建立在比较现实的期望基础上的。

Unit4

The flow of novelties in vocabulary, in idiom, even in pronunciation,is now overwhelmingly eastward.We seldom borrow an English word or phrase any more,though we used to borrow many;but the English take in our inventions almost as fast as we can launch them.The American movie,I suppose, is largely responsible for this change, but there are unquestionably deeper causes too.English is still a bit tight, a bit stiff, more than a little artificial. But American has gone on developing with almost Elizabethan prodigality. All the processes of word-forma-tion that were in operation in Shakespeare's England are still operation here,and they produce a steady stream of neologisms that he would have relished as joyfully as he relished the novelties actually produced in his time.

译：新词汇、新习语、甚至新发音都以无法抗拒的势力源源不断传入东方。从前我们常常借用很多英语词或短语，但现在很少这样做。但英语却吸纳我们创造的词，我们创造有多快，其吸纳的速度几乎就有多快。我认为，美国电影固然对这一变化起了很大作用，但毫无疑问，还有更深刻的原因。英语依然有点太严格、有点僵硬，且过于矫揉造作。而美语的发展却像伊丽莎白时代一样繁荣。所有那些在英国莎士比亚时代应用的构词方法，现在依然在美国应用着，新词源源不断产生。如果莎翁健在，这些新词一定会使他欣喜若狂，就像他所生活的时代产生的新词使他欣喜若狂一样。

Unit5

1、The goal of science is to find out how the world works,to seek what regularities there may be,to penetrate to the connections of things –from subnuclear particles,which may be the constituents of all matter,to living organisms,the human social community,and thence to the cosmos as a whole. 译：科学的目的是弄清世界的运行特点，寻求其间可能存在的规律，洞察事物之间的联系——从构成一切物质的亚核粒子，到生物有机体，人类社会群体，以至整个宇宙。

2、Every culture has posed such questions in one way or another.Almost always the proposed answers are in the nature of ―Just So Stories‖,attempted explanations divorced from experiment,or even from careful comparative observations.

翻译：世界上每一文化群体都以这样或那样的方式提出过这写问题。所提供的答案几乎都带有’就那么回事’的性质，这些常识性的解释总是脱离实验，甚至没有经过细心的比较观察。

3、To penetrate into the heart of the thing-even a little thing,a blade of grass,as Walt Whitman said-is to experience a kind of exhilaration that,it may be,only human beings of all the beings on this planet can feel.

译：要透彻的领悟一件事物，哪怕是一件很小的东西——比如惠特曼所说的一片树叶，也会经历一种喜悦，这种喜悦，在整个世界的所有生灵中只有人类才能感受到。

4、And sometimes we hear pronouncements from scientists who confidently state that everything worth knowing will soon be known-or even is already known-and who paint pictures of a Dionysian or Polynesian age in which the zest for intellectual discovery has withered , to be replaced by a kind of subdued languor , the lotus-eaters drinking fermented coconut milk or some other mild hallucinogen.. 译：有时我们听到一些科学家发表的宣言，他们充满欣喜的宣称，每一件值得弄清的事物都会很快为大家所知，或者说有些已经众所周知。他们描绘的是迪奥尼修斯和波利尼西亚时代的图画，在这些画中，人们对知识探索的热情已经减退，取而代之的是一种被征服的懒惰，成了引用发酵椰子汁和其他一些温和迷幻剂的安逸度日者。

5、If we could shrink ourselves into this crystalline world , we could see rank upon rank of atoms in an ordered array , a regularly alternating structure-sodium , ,chlorine , sodium chlorine , specifying the sheet of atoms we are standing on and all the sheets above us and below us.

译：如果我们可以缩小身体进入这个晶体世界，我们可以看见一排排原子形成有序的点阵，呈一种有规律的交替结构

——钠原子、氯原子、氯化钠原子，这些点阵精确的勾画出我们所站的这一层原子以及我们头上、头下的所有原子层的示意图。

Unit6

Jack was thinking about this freedom of his so much that when he glimpsed its green light he just went ahead and stared bye-bye to the steadily employed . When he turned his head the same direction his windshield faced , it was maybe one second too late . He pounced the brake pedal and steered the front wheels away from the tiny brake-lights but the smack was unavoidable . Just one second sooner and it would only have been close . One second more and he’d be crawling up the Toyota’s trunk . As it was , it seemed like only a harmless smack , much less solid than the one against his back bumper.

译：杰克正想入非非时，瞥见绿灯亮了，他只顾开动汽车，盯了一眼那些有固定工作的人，以示再见。当他扭过头来，面对前方时，已经晚了一秒钟。他猛地一下踩住刹车，调转方向，以避免撞上前面那辆车上小小的刹车红灯，但还是砰然一声装上了。如果他动作再快一秒钟，也许只会离这辆车很近，不会撞上。如果再晚一秒钟，他的车就会爬上这辆丰田车的行李箱。实际上，他好像没有把前面的车撞坏，而后面的车撞上了他车后部的保险杠，那一撞却严重多了。

Unit8

1.The first wave involved tangible products-"hardware",as opposed to the computer programs that constitute software.In the 1960s and 1970s companies in the Santa Clara Valley, between San Jose and San Francisco, produced silicon memory chips for computers-thus the name Silicon Valley.

译：第一次浪潮涉及有形产品——硬件，它与构成软件的计算机程序相对而言。本世纪六七十年代，圣何塞和旧金山地带的圣克拉拉谷的一些公司为计算"

2.The second wave of wealth creation involved software-"application"software that people use for work or recreation,like word-processing programs or computer games,and "systems"software used to run businesses or, very often,computer networks themselves.

译：财富形成的第二次浪潮涉及软件——包括人们用于工作或娱乐的“应用”软件，就像文字处理程序或者计算机游戏之类，以及用于管理业务和计算机网络自身运行的“系统”软件。

3.But both the hardware and the software revolutions were,in their wealth-creating effects,slow to emerge compared to what is underway now because of the Internet.Less than ten years ago,Tim Berners-Lee, a British physicist working at the research center CERN in Geneva,invented a scheme for linking date on a particular subject, or series of subjects,that were stored on different computers in different places.

译：但是无论是硬件革命还是软件革命，与现在因特网上所发生的情况相比，其财富创造的影响力都显得非常缓慢。短短数年之前，在日内瓦CERN研究中心工作的英国物理学家Tim Berners-Lee发明了一种方案，用以连接与某一主题或一系列主题相关的数据，这些数据贮存在各地各种不同的计算机内。

4.The online auction site e-Bay is also profitable,because it charges a commission each time buyers and sellers conclude a deal on site. But most of today's Internet companies have substantial short-term losses,which stock market investors typically assume will turn into profits in some never-quite arriving"Year Three"of the business plan.

译：e—Bay网点的在线拍卖同样有利可图，因为它每拍卖一次都要向买卖双方收取一定的佣金。但是如今大多数国际互联网公司都承受着重大的短期损失，证券市场控资者通常认为这种损失会在商业计划里某个似乎永远不会到来的“第三年”中转为盈利。

5.Thin as these rationales for profitability many ultimately prove to be,so far they've been sufficient to make many people very rich. Virtually all of this wealth consists of tech-company stock,and ten years from now some or much of it may have melted away.

译：尽管上述这些获利的基本模式最终将被证明是站不住脚的，但到目前为之，它们却足以使很多人十分富有。实际上所有这些财富都是由技术公司股组成的，在今后10年中，其中的一些股份或大多数股份会逐渐散失。

【下册】

Unit 1

（1）During each of these passages, how we feel about our way of living will undergo subtle changes in four areas of perception. One is the interior sense of self in relation to others. A second is the proportion of safeness to danger we feel in our lives. A third is our perception of time—do we have plenty of it, or are we beginning to feel that time is running out? Last, there will be some shift at the gut level in our sense of aliveness or stagnation. These are the hazy sensations that compose the background tone of living and shape the decisions on which we take action.

译文：在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的看法要经历四个感知方面的微妙的变化：第一，在内心中对自己和他人的看法；第二，当生活的各种威胁而所具有的安全感；第三，是我们对时间的认识，是感到来日方长，还是开始感到时日无多？最后是对自己的精力活力的直觉意识，是感到精力充沛，还是感到力不从心？这些都是在我们内心里产生的若明若暗的感觉，它们构成了我们生活的基调，影响着我们采取行动的种种决定。

（2）The tasks of this passage are of to locate ourselves in a peer group role, a sex role, an anticipated occupation, an ideology or world view. As a result, we gather the impetus to leave home physically and the identity to begin leaving home emotionally.

译文：人生这一阶段的任务是，在同龄人中，在性别角色中，在期望的职业中，以及在思想意识和世界观方面确立的位置。这样，我们既有了离家独立的动力，也有了离家独立的心理准备。

（3）Buoyed by powerful illusions and belief in the power of the will, we commonly insist in our twenties that what we have chosen to do is the one true course in life. Our backs go up at the merest hint that we are like our parents, that two decades of parental training might be reflected in our current actions and attitudes.

译文：由于幻想的鼓舞和支持以及对自己的意志充满信心，我们在二十几岁时普遍认定自己所选择的道路是人生真正的事业所在。如果有人说我们很像自己的父母，说我们的言行举止是父母二十多年来教育和熏陶的结果，我们会很不高兴。

Unit 6

From popping the question to popping the pill (1) Courtship both preceded the announcement of an engagement and followed the announcement, although a broken engagement was so serious that it co uld be expected to throw the girl into a depression from which she might never recover. 人们一般是先恋爱后订婚，但也有先订婚后恋爱的。不过，订了婚再后悔是很糟糕的事，这会把一个姑娘推向痛苦的深渊而永远无法解脱。

(2) Gifts had to be either immediately consumable, like candy or flowers, or indestructible, like diamo nds—which could be given back, their value unimpaired, if there was a rift in the relationship. Objects that could be damaged by use, like gloves and furs, were forbidden. 礼物可以是马上就能用的，如糖果或鲜花，或不易损坏的，如钻石——如果关系破裂了，还可以退回，价值也不会受损。容易用旧、用坏的物品，诸如手套和皮货之类的东西是禁止赠送的。

(3) The wedding day was the highest point in a girl's life--a day to which she looked forward all her un married days and to which she looked back for the rest of her life. The splendor of her wedding, the e legance of dress and veil, the cutting of the cake, the departure amid a shower of rice and confetti, gav e her an accolade of which no subsequent event could completely rob her. 举行婚礼的这一天是一个姑娘一生中最美好的时刻：这一天婚前她一直盼望着，而婚后她也将值得她永远回忆。婚礼的场面一般都蔚为壮观。华丽高贵的结婚礼服及面纱，切蛋糕的场面，离开时祝福的人们撒来的米粒和五彩纸屑，交织在一起为新娘谱写了一曲新婚颂歌，使她一乍都难以忘却。

(4) Active concern for the world permits either celibacy or marriage, but continuous preoccupation wi th sex leaves no time for anything else. As we used to say in the '20s, promiscuity, like free verse, is lac king in structure 要关心世界大事，既可以过正常的婚姻生活，也可以过独身生活。但如果只是一味的沉湎于性，那就根本谈不上什么对其他事的关心。正像我们在 20 年代常说的那样：乱交就像自由诗一样无节而又无度。

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