2019届高考英语词汇8练习含解析08

词汇（8）

复习：1、核心单词2、重点短语3、写作句式4、我读我练（词汇应用、句式仿写）

【单句单词语法填空】

1． ________ news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.

答案：The 句意为：市长来我们学校参观的新闻昨天通过收音机发布了。名词news

后有介词短语修饰，起限定作用，表特指，故填the。

2． In Germany, ________ succes sful project, which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”， has been running with a great success.

答案：a 句意为：在德国，一个名为“领养祖父母”的项目已成功运行。project为单数可数名词，此处意为“一个成功的项目”，表泛指。故填不定冠词a。

3．(2015·陕西宝鸡中学期中改编)—Mom, why can't I have ________ new bike？

—Dear, you know, money doesn't grow on trees.

答案：a 句意为：——妈妈，我为什么不能要一辆新自行车？——亲爱的，你要知道，赚钱可不是件容易的事。bike为单数可数名词，是首次提到，此处表泛指，故用不定冠词a。

4．(2015·安徽江淮十校联考改编)________ wish always remains unrealistic that you can come first in the final exam when you make no efforts at all.

答案：The 句意为：你不付出任何努力而想在期末考试中得第一名的愿望是不现实的。wish后有that引导的同位语从句修饰，表特指，故填定冠词the。

5．(2015·广东中山七校联考改编)Your son is in great danger and he needs ________ immediate operation which costs 48,000 yuan.

答案：an 句意为：你的儿子很危险，他需要紧急手术，费用为48,000元。operation 为单数可数名词，且immediate为元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。

核心单词

1.contrary n. 相反

adj. 相反的

2.contribute vi. 捐款；做出贡献；有助于，促成；投稿(to)

3.controversial adj. 引起争论的，有争议的

4.convenience n. 方便；便利

5.convey vt. 表达，传达(思想、感情等)；运送；搬运

6.convince vt. 使确信，使信服，说服

7.cook n. 炊事员，厨师

v. 烹调，做饭

8.corporation n. 公司，企业，法人

9.correction n. 改正

10.correspond vi. (with/to)符合，相一致；(with)通信；(to)相当于，相类似

11.corrupt adj. 贪污的，腐败的

v. 使腐化，堕落

12.courage n. 勇气；胆略

13.course n. 过程；经过；课程

14.crash v.& n. 碰撞，撞击

15.create vt. 创造；造成

16.creature n. 生物，动物

17.credit n. 信用；信赖；信誉

18.criminal n. 罪犯

19.criterion (pl.criteria) n. 标准，准则，原则

20.crossing n. 十字路口，人行横道

21.crossroads n. 交叉路口

22.crowd n. 人群

vt. 拥挤，群聚

23.culture n. 文化

24.cure n.& vt. 治疗；医好

25.curious adj. 好奇的；奇异的

重点短语

1.contribute to... 有助于……；对……起作用；促成……；是……的部分原因contribute...to... 把……贡献给……

make contributions to 对……作出贡献

2.drop out 退出，脱离；辍学

figure out 想清楚，弄明白；算出

fill out 填写(表格等)

sell out 售完

wear out 耗尽，使筋疲力尽；穿破

3.earn one’s living 谋生

earn one’s fame 赢得名声；成名

earn the name of 获得……的美名

【阅读理解】

The British are supposed to be famous for laughing at themselves, but even their sense of humor has a limit, as the British retailer Gerald Ratner found out to his cost.

When Ratner took over his father’s chain of 140 jewelry shops in 1984, he introduced a very clear company policy. He decided that his shops should sell down market products at the lowest possible prices. It was a great success. The British public loved his cheap gold earrings and his tasteless silver decorations. By 1991, Ratner’s company had 2,400 shops and it was worth over 680 million pounds. But in April of that year, Gerald Ratner made a big mistake. At a bit meeting of top British business people, he suited up and explained the secret of his success —People say “How can we sell our goods for such a low price?”. He say “Because they are absolute rubbish.” His audience burst out laughing. But the British newspapers and the British public were not so amused. People felt insulted and stayed away from Ratner’s shops.

Sales fell and six months after his speech ,Ratner’s share price had fallen by 42%. The following year, things got worse and Gerald Ratner was forced to resign. By the end of 1992, he lost his company, his career and his house. Even worse, 25,000 of his employees had lost their jobs. It had been a very expensive joke.

1.What are the British noted for according to the passage?

A. Their jewelry shops.

B. Their love for jewelry.

C. Their jokes about themselves.

D. Their harmless humor.

2.How did Ratner achieve success in his business?

A. He cut down his labor cost.

B. He adopted an effective business model.

C. He employed a lot of new staff.

D. He developed great relations with business VIPs.

3.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “insulted”?

A. Offended.

B. Amazed.

C. Abused.

D. Attracted.

4.What does the story of Gerald Ratner suggest?

A. Action speaks louder than words.

B. What goes around comes around.

C.A friend in need is a friend indeed.

D.A man may dig his grave with his teeth.

【文章大意】本文为记叙文。讲述的是英国零售商Gerald Ratner因为自嘲时说错话而导致失败的故事。

2.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话中的“…he introduced a very clear company

policy.” 和第二句话He decided that his shops should sell down market products at the lowest possible prices. 可知他采用了一种有效的商业模式——以最低价销售产品，故选B。

3.A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段最后两句话可知人们感到受到了侮辱冒犯，都不去他

的商店了，由此可知该词与offended一致，故选A。

写作句式

宾语从句

1.(2016·安徽高考书面表达)I am wondering if you have made a definite plan for the coming summer holiday.

我想知道你是否为即将到来的暑假制订了明确的计划。

2.(2015·北京高考书面表达)I think the picture is telling us that there is usually

a difference between one’s dream and reality.

我认为这幅图是在告诉我们通常梦想和现实之间是有区别的。

3.I’d like to remind you that you should put on more clothes when getting up the following morning to protect yourself from cold.

我想要提醒你，第二天早晨起床时多穿衣服，以防感冒。

我读我练

Ⅰ.词汇应用

1.In this letter, I would like to convey(表达) my sincere appreciation to you for your assistance.

2.He desired to prove his courage (勇气)in the battle when he was young.

3.Would you telephone me at your convenience (convenient) if you don’t mind?

4.If we judge according to our own cultural(culture) habits，we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.

5.What he said doesn’t mean trying to __figure__out (弄清楚)what’s wrong with the other person.

6.A large population and too many private cars contribute__to (导致)heavy traffic jam in the city.

Ⅱ.句式仿写

1.这幅图画让我深信做一个好女儿甚至比做一个好学生更重要。

(2015·江苏高考书面表达)The picture convinces__me__that__it is even more important to be a good daughter than a good student.

2.我打算参加龙舟训练营，我不知道你是否乐意和我一起参加。

(2015·北京高考满分作文)I intend to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp, and

I__wonder__if__you’d__like__to__go__with__me.

3.我的努力没有白费，我为自己在英语方面所取得的进步感到骄傲。

My hard work pays off, and I am quite proud of what__I__have_achieved_in_English.

【练习】

Last weekend I went on a eco-travel with a travel agency.All the way we appreciate the beautiful scenery and fresh air，so a few of us picked flowers while going sightseeing.What was worse，many tourists threw rubbishes here and there.

I don't think that it i s a truly eco-travel.An eco-travel not o nly allows us to express our love for nature ，but needs our responsibility as well as.A real eco -travel should like this ：take nothing away but your good memory ；leave nothing behind but all cleaner water and green trees.Enjoyed the beauty of nature ，we should try their best to protect it.

【答案】

Last weekend I went on a an

eco-travel with a travel agency.All the way we appreciate appreciated the beautiful scenery and fresh air ，so but

a few of us picked flowers while going sightseeing.What was worse ，many tourists threw rubbishes rubbish

here and there. I don't think that it is a truly true

eco-travel.An eco-travel not only allows us to express our love for nature ，but needs our responsibility as well ﹨a s.A rea l eco-travel

should ∧be like this ：take nothing away but your good memory ；leave nothing behind but all cleaner clean water and green trees.Enjoyed Enjoying the beauty of nature ，we should try their our best to protect it.

第一处：a→an。考查冠词。eco-travel 的读音以元音音素开头，所以用an 。

第二处：appreciate→appreciated。考查时态。根据时间状语Last weekend 可知，应用一般过去时。

第三处：so→but。考查连词。一路上我们欣赏美丽的景色，但是有人摘花。前后表示转折关系，故用but 。

第四处：rubbishes→rubbish。考查名词。rubbish 作“垃圾”讲，为不可数名词。 第五处：truly→true。考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词eco-trave l 。

第六处：删除well 后的as 。考查固定表达。as well as 后跟宾语，意为“以及”，不符合语境，此处应用as well 表示“也”，放在句末。

第七处：like 前加be 。考查系动词。此处like 是介词，should 后缺少be 动词。

第八处：cleaner→clean。考查形容词。根据and 后面的green 以及语境可知，此处应用形容词原级。

第九处：Enjoyed→Enjoying。考查非谓语动词。主语we 和enjoy 之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词。

第十处：their→our。考查代词。主语是we ，此处表示“我们应该尽我们最大的努力去保护大自然”，故应用our 。