2017考研英语：阅读如何快速排除干扰项
2017考研英语：阅读如何快速排除干扰项
大家都知道，英语阅读的原文均来自一些权威的期刊网站，出题人不论怎么选材、加工、改造，阅读理解客观题本身对选项要求的唯一性和选项间的不可争议性，正确选项与非正确选项之间存在本质差别。
一、正确选项特征
1、最能反应文章两条主线的答案，偏离文章中心的一定不是答案。
一个是文章的中心思想，一个是作者对文中论述事物所持的观点态度，它们是解题的基调，作者在文章中对整个事物是持积极正面的评价，那么出现消极反面的、与事实相反的肯定不是解。
2、选项含义富有弹性的是解，绝对的、武断的不是解。
这是由解的唯一性和不可争议性决定的。弹性大，发挥空间大，也有利于时候选项一旦出现争议，则可以从不同方面解释。
另一方面，唯物辩证法告诉我们，世界是永恒发展的，而对未来的预测存在不确定性，一旦把自己的观点过于绝对化，当新的情况发生就会陷入无可挽回的余地。这也符合人们做事有余地的本性。
3、难的是解。
这与命题动机有些相似，难的比容易的更能考查考生对语言的理解能力，具体体现在以下几个方面：
（1）否定的比肯定的难，否定的是解
（2）抽象的比具体的难，抽象深刻的是解，具体肤浅的不是解;
（3）动态变化的比静态的难，动态变化的是解。
4、正面积极、符合逻辑的是解，内容负面消极、不符合逻辑的不是解。
研究生入学考试作为国内较高层次、具有一定权威性的大型考试，题目答案必然考虑到引导大众思想文化的作用，积极的、正面的是正确答案。
二、错误答案基本特征
一般来说，错误答案都源于以下几个方面：
1、偷梁换柱：即对文章不同内容的嫁接；
2、扩大或缩小范围：即对文中提到的内容通过更改形容词等方式放大或缩小处理；
3、断章取义；
4、因果倒置；
5、具体事实罗列；
6、无中生有；
7、相似但不同性质词语的替换;这种方式最具迷惑性，如2002年text1中第41题D选项，把“insympathy with(赞成)”换成“show sympathy for(同情)”、2006年39题C选项把“live with”换成“enjoy”等。
下面以勤思考研老师以真题为例：
According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators( animals that kill and eat other
animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start ofexploitation、Insomelong-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
32、 We can infer from Dr、 Myers and Dr、 Worm’s paper that ________.
[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago
[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old
本题难度系数较高，若对文章中描述的数字理解不清，就导致无法计算，也就无法做对题目，很多同学因此胡乱蒙一选项了事。实际上只要掌握技巧，并不需要确切理解文章原文都能直接得出答案。
解题思路：文中提到一个新渔场自开始捕捞算起，15年内大型食肉类动物的数量平均减少80%，这是一个平均数，说明较少的渔场中有多有少，那么一些老渔区经过长时间捕捞，自然减少的更严重，因此推断在一些老渔场里大型食肉类动物的数量减少90%是可能的，故为A。
从选项BC上看，结论过于绝对，而文中给的是平均数；而D我
们可以轻易看出文中没有对新旧渔区进行比较，排除D。此外，从选项对比来看，A中含有some，不肯定的是解，也可选出A。
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2017年高考英语阅读题
2017年高考英语阅读题 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Attending college can be expensive, and applying to college can be costly as well. With today’s college application fees averaging around $ 80, you can expect to spend hundreds of dollars on college before you are even accepted into a school. One of the easiest ways to save money on college application fees before you begin applying is to narrow down your list of schools. To save money, try to limit the schools to which you apply to about 2- reach schools and 2- safety schools. At some schools, being a relative of a graduate can secure you a free application. If you are applying to a school where one of your parents or grandparents is a former graduate, check to see if you’re qualified for it. Research the preferred method of applying for each school on your list. Some schools offer free online applications, yet charge a fee for paper submissions. This is because online applications save schools the cost of employing a staff member to physically enter the application information. Several states, such as Michigan and North Carolina, take part in College Application Week, where many schools in the participating states cancel their application fee for the week. Be sure to contact the schools to I j which you are applying to see if they participate in College Application Week and when the program takes place in that state. Apply for early admission. If you have already decided on which college is your top choice, consider applying under an Early Action or Early Decision admission program. If you are accepted, you won’t have to submit application fees to other schools. For more information regarding college applications and the fees associated with them, contact your high I school advisor or the admissions department at your school(s) of interest. 21.The passage is mainly written to______. A.introduce famous universities in the United Stales B.show some practical ways to apply an ideal college C.advertise for successful applications and advisors D.offer tips to save money on college application fees