我的讲课---第二讲-定语从句

我的讲课---第二讲-定语从句

第二讲定语从句与倒装句

一、复习：虚拟语气

1)I wish _______________ (我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).

2)If only _______________ (他知

道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.

3)——Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?

——I’d rather he ______________ _ (漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).

4)It’s high time that ______________ _ (采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).

5)Hugh usually talks ______________ _ (仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).

6)We insist that _______________ (让杰克立刻进医院).

7)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________ (取消期中考试).

8)It is essential that ______________ _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).

9)_______________ (如果他

按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.

10)I was to have made a speech ______________ _(要不是有人把我的话打断了).

11)_______________ (如果我一

直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.

12)If the doctor had not come in time, _______________ (他现在就不在人间了).

13)But for his help, _______________ (我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了). 14)Were I in your place, _______________ (我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).

15)Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了).

二、语法讲解

定语从句（Attributive clauses）

在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的

定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。构成: 先行词+ 关系词+ 从句

1．关系代词：

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。关系代词充当宾语可以省略。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2）whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，。例如：

Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（指物）

The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.（指人）

3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。例如：Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside.

（which / that在句中作主语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）

2. 关系副词引导的定语从句

when = on (in, at, during…) + which;

where = in (at, on…) + which;

why = for which. 如：

I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.

The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.

This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.

注：先行词是the way时，其后的定语从句关系词有三种，例如：

I like the way in which / (that) the teacher gives his lessons.

从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。也就是说要看先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分

试比较：

I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong.

( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略)

I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.

（从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）

The reason （that/which）he gave for not coming to school yesterday is unbelievable.

( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略)

The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday is unbelievable.

（从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）

3. 关系代词that与which；that与who的一些特殊用法：

指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that：

1）先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词；或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时：

Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?

注：当something确指某物或某事时，用that 或which都可以，如：

There is something that/which keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。”

2) 先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词the first, the second…, the last修饰时：

This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.

3) 先行词被the only，the very修饰时：

The only thing that matters is to find our way home.

4) 先行词既有人又有物时：

They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.

5) 当主句是由who或which引导的特殊问句时，为避免重复，定语从句中常用that：

Who is the man that is standing by the door?

Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday?

只能用which 的两种情况

1) 非限制性定语从句,先行词为物

e.g. Yangtze river, which is the third longest river, lies in China.

2) 整句话当先行词

It rained a lot, which made a flood happened

只能用as, 不能用which, that, who 的两种情况

1) 先行词被such, the same 修饰时

e.g. I’ve never hea rd of such a terrible earthquake as you told me.

You are using the same pen as I lost yesterday. (像，两支)

You are using the same pen that I lost yesterday.（正是，同一支）

2) 非限制性定语从句提前,关系词用as,“正如…所知道,所期望…的一样”

e.g. As we know，Taiwan belongs to China,

当先行词是anyone, those, these, he, she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that：

Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your

name here.

Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，通常用that 而不用who：

He is no longer the man that he used to be.

4. 一种特殊的非限制性定语从句

在非限制性定语从句中，有时根据句子意思，常把some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、分数或百分比与of whom 或of which连用。

He has five children, two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)

We have tested three hundred types of boots, none of which is/are completely waterproof.

(比较：We have tested three hundred types of boots, but none of them is/are completely waterproof.)

定语从句中易犯的错误

1. 在定语从句中加了多余的定语

e.g. Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come. (them)

2. 把定语从句谓语动词的单复数弄错

e.g. Anyone who break the rules will be punished. (breaks)

Those who has finished may go home. (have)

He is the only one of the teachers who know English in our school. (knows)

This is one of the rooms that is free now. (are)

3. 误省略了定语从句中做主语的关系代词

e.g. Children ∧ eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. (who / that)

4. 定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词

a). The house where he lives in needs repairing. ( where he lives 或that he lives in)

b) I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing. ( the day when 或the day on which) 5. 在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用关系代词或关系副词

I still remember the day when we spent together. (that / which)

This is the house where we lived in last year. (that /which)

6. 在先行词reason 后错用关系副词why

I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late. (that /which)

7. 主句不完整,首先要补充完整

This factory is ∧ that I worked in. (the one )

8. what 引导的名词性从句做主语,宾语,表语That can be done has already been done. (what)

9. 误将强调句型当定语从句

I was in the kitchen where the fire broke out. (that)

练习：

1．All ____ is needed is a supply of oil.

A. the thing

B. that

C. what

D. which

2．He paid the boys $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

A. these

B. those

C. that

D. which

3．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.

A. that

B. who

C. from whom

D. to whom 4．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy.

A .who B. which C. this D. what

5．①John is the only one of the students who ____ French．

②John is one of the students who ____ French．A．know B．knows C．knowing D．known 6．①This is the knife ____ I usually cut my pencil．

②This is the knife ____ I usually use to cut my pencil．

A．with which B．which C．by which D．with that 7．①Who lives in the house ____ windows face south？

② Who lives in the house ____ the windows face south？

A．whose B．which C．of which D．that 8．①Is this factory ____ you visited last year？

②Is this the factory ____ you visited last year？A．that B．of which C．the one D．where 9．①When I have trouble，he is the only one ____I can ask for help．

②When I have trouble，he is the only one ____ I can go for help．

A．whom B．to whom C．which D．to who 10．①The reason ____ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way．

②The reason ____he was late was that his car broke down on the way．

A．for which B．which C．how D．what

翻译：

The social Security Retirement Program is made

The road of life is long, but only a few steps are

（孩子们花费的时间）in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.

April Fool’s Day is that special day of the year （在这一天你可以捉弄别人）.

易混题

一．定语从句与并列句（注意用标点符号和连接词and, but等来区别。）

1.Mr Li has three daughters, none of________ is an engineer.

2.Mr Li has three daughters, but none of__________ is a dancer.

3.Mr Li has three daughters; __________ are doctors.

二. 定语从句与地点状语从句（看是否有先行词，如果有，就是定语从句，如果没有，就是状语从句）

1.Rice doesn’t grow well _____ there is not enough water.

2.I still remember the farm_____ my parents worked ten years ago.

三. 定语从句与强调句

强调句型可以还原成正常语序的句子，也就是说，强调句型中去掉It be… that后，句子仍然通顺，意义也依然完整，只是没有那么强调突出。而定语从句去掉了It be… that后句子就不完整了。

1. It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met

John at the airport.

It is the morning of May 1st _____ I met John at the airport.

2. It is in the factory _______John works.

It is the factory _______John works.

四. 定语从句与结果状语从句

在定语从句中，若先行词被such 修饰时，关系词要用as, 组成such…as结构.这个结构与状语从句such…that…（如此…以致…）很相似，要注意区别。若从句中的及物动词后无宾语，就是定语从句，用such…as.否则就是状语从句，用such…that.

1.I have the same computer _____you have. ( as)

2. She is such a kind girl _____all of us like to make friends with her. (that)

五. 定语从句与习惯句型.

注意固定句型：It is the first/second/third time that+ 从句（从句用现在完成时）

1.It is the first time ______she has been in Shanghai.

2.It was the time _______Chinese people had a hard life.

六. 定语从句与单句（注意标点符号。两个单句

间用句号， 而定语从句两个句子间用逗号。）

1.The mother told the lazy boy to work,

____didn’t help

2.The mother told the lazy boy to work.

_____didn’t help.

1、倒装句（Inversion ） 英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。

一、倒装的类型 类型

例 句

说 明

完全倒装 Out rushed the students to welcome

the foreign friends.

学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋

友。

整个谓语移至主

语之前。 部分倒 装 Seldom does he go to school late.

只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语

之前。