武汉大学培养方案 英语

武汉大学2017博士英语

武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.

武汉大学研究生英语期末试题 答案及评分 2009级

Keys to Paper A (1---65 题每题一分，客观题共65分) 1-10 B D A C B C C D A B 11-20 A B D A C A D C B D 21-30 B D C A B D C A C B 31-45 D A D A B D C A C B C D C A B 46-55 A D C A B A C C D D 56-65 A C D B D A B C C D Part IV 汉译英（评分给正分，每小题都需打分，精确到0.5分） 1. China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. (2分) 2. An investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have double risk of developing lung cancer. （2分） 3. In our times, anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must receive necessary education. With the development of science, more courses are offered in primary schools and middle schools. Compared with the education in the past, modern education places more stress on practicality. (3 分) 英译汉（评分给正分，每小题都需打分，精确到0.5分） 4. 程式化思维是人们交流的绊脚石，因为它有碍于人们对事物的客观观察。客观观察指人 们敏感地搜寻线索，引导自己的想象更接近他人的现实。（2分） 5. 当经济学家最初探讨经济发展的原因时，他们发现：人们一直认为无法解释的剩余因素是人力资本。人力资本，即人口的技能，是造成各国生产力差距以及地位不平等的一个重要因素。（3分） 6. 下文从解决妇女贫困问题的角度出发，探讨两性平等、减轻贫困和环境的可持续性诸目的之间的协同作用，涉及能源短缺、水资源缺乏、健康、气候变化、自然灾害，以及授予妇女在农业、林业、生态多元化管理领域中的权力使之创造可持续的生存方式等问题。（3分） Part V Summary （20分） 评分标准：主要看考生是否了解概要写作的方法以及能否用恰当的语言来表达。概要一定要客观简洁地表达原文的主要内容，不需要评论，不能照抄原文。具体给分标准为：（1）内容和形式都达标，仅有一二处小错：18-19分。（2）内容缺少一到三点，形式错误不过三处：16-17分。（3）内容欠缺较多，形式错误有五六处：14-15分。（4）内容欠缺较多，形式错误有十来处：12-13分。 Science and Humanity The twentieth century has made greater change to the world, which was brought by the progress in science, than any previous century. Unfortunately, not all these changes did good to the human society. Some of them have done serious damage to mankind and have been even predicted to destroy the whole world someday if out of control. In fact, mankind is not biologically programmed for violent behaviors like war. People are faced with a dilemma in which we would like to see science develop freely, but cannot afford the result of that. It is a

武汉大学英文介绍

O v e r v i e w o f W H U Wuhan University (WHU) is a comprehensive and key national university directly under the administration of the Ministry of Education. It is also one of the "211 Project" and "985 Project"universities with full support in the construction and development from the central and local government of China. The history of Wuhan University can be traced back to Ziqiang Institute, which was founded in 1893 by Zhang Zhidong, the then governor of Hubei Province and Hunan Province in the late Qing Dynasty. In the process of development and evolution, the institute changed its name several times before it was finally named Wuhan National University in 1928. It is one of the earliest comprehensive national universities in modern China. By the end of 1946, the university had established 6 colleges, the colleges of liberal art, law, sciences, engineering, agriculture and medicine. In 2000, an amalgamation of the former Wuhan University, Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering, Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping, and Hubei Medical University was announced, which ushered in a new era in its 100-odd years of development. For the past century, Wuhan University has built an elegant palatial architectural complex of primitive simplicity which blends perfectly the eastern architectural style with that of the west. It is honored as the "Most Beautiful University in China." Furthermore, Wuhan University's centennial humanistic accumulation boils down to its succinct motto, that is, "Self-improvement, Perseverance, Truth-seeking & Innovation." Since its establishment, Wuhan University has cultivated more than 300 thousand professional talents in various occupations, among whom there are over 100 members of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. They have made great contribution to the national construction and social advancement. The remarkable achievements of Wuhan University have won itself an extensive international reputation. In 1999, the world renowned journalSciencelisted Wuhan University as one of the most prominent institutions of higher education in China.

武汉大学研究生英语单词表(精排版)

Unit One ( be ) fraught with：充满 stumbling block：绊脚石,障碍物 cement：n. 水泥,接合剂；v. 接合,用水泥涂facade：n. 建筑物的正面 ritual：n. 仪式,典礼,宗教仪式,固定程序a. 仪式的,依仪式而行的，老规矩的，惯常的ethnocentric：种族[民族]中心主义的, 种族[民族, 集团]优越感的 lull：n. 暂停,间歇,稍息v. 平息,使...平静,哄tenacity：n. 固执,不屈不挠,顽固connotation：n. 含义 inflection：n. 屈曲,变调,音调变化refreshment：n. 点心,提神之事物,精神爽快spatial：a. 空间的 preconception：n. 预想(先入之见,偏见) stereotype：n. 铅版,陈腔滥调,老套v. 使用铅版,套用老套 inscrutable：a. 难以了解的,不能测 preferential：a. 先取的,优先的,选择的prone：a. 俯卧的,易于...的,有...倾向的ambiguity：n. 不明确,含糊,暧昧,模棱两可truism：n. 自明之理,老套的,众所周知deterrent：a. 制止,防止,挽留n. 挽留的事物,妨碍物 arousal：n. 激励,鼓励 deplete：v. 耗尽,使...空竭recuperation：n. 复原，恢复：恢复健康和力气. permeate：v. 弥漫,渗透,普及 proxemic：a. [社]空间关系学的 scrutiny：n. 研究(推敲) dyad = diad：n. 二数,一对,二元一位screen out：v. 筛选出 circumvent：v. 绕行,陷害 detachment：n. 分离,分遣,分遣队 Unit Three integration：n. 整合,集成 analogy：n. 相似,类似 therapy：n. 疗法,治疗 smoothie：n. 善于讨好女人的男子, 举止优雅的人 casserole：n. 餐桌上用有盖的焙盘,砂锅菜fluid：a. 流体的,流动的n. 流体,液体inadvertently：ad. 不注意地 duress：n. 强迫, 监禁 sabotage：n. 怠工,破坏活动,破坏v. 从事破坏活动,妨害,破坏 culinary：a. 厨房的,烹调的 delectable：a. 快乐的,可喜的,愉快的backfire：v. 产生事与愿违的后果vi. (指内燃机等)逆火,回火,适得其反 cardinal：n. 枢机主教,鲜红色a. 主要的,深红色的 standoffish：a. 有点不友好的,冷淡的endearment：n. 亲爱,钟爱 intrusion：n. 闯入,侵扰 sibling：n. 兄弟姐妹 pester：v. 使烦恼,使苦恼 whine：n. 抱怨,牢骚v. 哭诉,发牢骚sobering：a. 使清醒的, 使冷静的 steer：v. 引导,驾驶,航行 Unit Four warrant：n. 正当理由,根据,委任状v. 保证,辩解,担保 symptomatic：a. 具有征候的,征候的,根据征候的 distortion：n. 扭曲,变形,曲解 retard：n. 阻止,迟延v. 妨碍,迟延,迟缓infrastructure：n. 下部构造,下部组织,基础结构，基础设施 thwart：a. 横～v. 反对,阻碍ad. 横过optimize：v. 使...完美,乐观,使...完善v.优化portfolio：n. 文件夹,证券投资组合aggregate：n. 合计,总计,集合体a. 合计的,集合的,聚合的v. 聚集,集合,合计vestige：n. 遗迹,退化的器官 constraint：约束, 强制,约束条件；[计算机] 限制，对感情的压抑 ration：n. 定额,定量,配给 subsidy：n. 补助金,津贴 externality：n. 外表(外在性,外部的事物) subsidize：v. 给与补助金,给与奖助金,贿赂entail：v. 使必需,使蒙受 unleash：v. 解开...的皮带,解除...的束缚,解放revenue：n. 财政收入,税收 disparity：n. 不一致 bid up：竞出高价

武汉大学研究生英语考试汉译英

汉译英 1、走社会主义道路，就是要逐步实现共同富裕。共同富裕的构想是这样的：一部分地区有条件先发展起来，一部分地区发展慢点，先发展起来的地区带动后发展的地区，最终达到共同富裕……解决的办法之一，就是先富起来的地区多交点利税，支持贫困地区的发展。翻译：To take the road of socialism is to realize common prosperity step by step. Our plan is as follow: where conditions permit, some areas may develop faster than others; those that develop faster can help promote the progress of those that lag behind, until all become prosperous… One way is for the areas that become prosperous first to support the poor ones by paying more taxes or turning in more profits to the state. 2、要提倡科学，靠科学才有希望。 翻译：We must promote science, for that is where our hope lies. 3、现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素 翻译：China has basically achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage, and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development. 4、社会主义中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。 翻译：Socialist China should show the world through its actions that it is opposed to hegemonism （霸权主义）and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 5、老科学家、中年科学家很重要，青年科学家也很重要。 翻译：Veteran and middle-aged scientists are important, and so are young ones. 6、革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。 翻译：Revolution means emancipation（解放）of the productive forces, and so does reform. 7、将右腿提放20次。再将左腿提放二十次。 翻译：Lift and lower the right leg for 20 times. Repeat with the left leg. 8、世界在观望。世界在倾听。世界希望看到我们的所作所为。 翻译：The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. 9、过去，只讲在社会主义条件下发展生产力，没有讲还要通过改革解放生产力，不完全。应该把解放生产力和发展生产力两个讲全了。 翻译：In the past, we only stressed expansion of the productive forces under socialism, without mentioning the need to liberate them through reform. That conception was incomplete. Both the liberation and the expansion of the productive forces are essential. 10、这样好嘛，就是要有创造性。 翻译：That’s good. Creativity is just what we want. 11、对改革开放，一开始就有不同意见，这是正常的。 翻译：In the beginning opinions were divided about the reform and the open policy. That was normal. 12、同时，我们的对外开放采取了多种方式，包括搞经济特区，开放十四个沿海城市。 翻译：In the meantime, we have implemented the policy of opening China to the outside world in many ways, including setting up special economic zones and opening 14 coastal cities. 13、改革开放迈不开步子，不敢闯，说来说去就是怕资本主义的东西多了，走了资本主义道路。要害是姓“资”还是姓“社”的问题。 翻译：The reason some people hesitate to carry out the reform and the open policy and dare

2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案

2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions: In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong

武汉大学英语翻译

1,现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素。 China has basically achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage, and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development. 2.社会主义中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。 Socialist China should show the world through its actions that it is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 3.老科学家，中年科学家很重要，青年科学家也很重要。 V eteran and middle-aged scientists are inportant ,and so are young ones 4，世界在观望。世界在倾听.世界希望看到我们的所作所为. The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. 5过去，只讲在社会主义条件下发展生产力，没有讲还要通过改革解放生产力，不完全。应该把解放生产力和发展生产力两个讲全了。 In the past, we only stressed expansion of the productive forces under socialism, without mentioning the need to liberate them through reform. That conception was incomplete. Both the liberation and the expansion of the productive forces are essential. 6.同时，我们的对外开放采取了多种形式，包括搞经济特区，开放十四个沿海城市。 In the meantime, we have implemented the policy of opening China to the outside world in many ways, including setting up special economic zones and opening 14 costal cities. 7.我们的第一个目标是解决温饱问题，这个目标已经达到了。 Our first objective was to solve the problem of food and clothing ,which have now done 8,过去我们搬用别国的模式，结果阻碍了生产力的发展，在思想上导致僵化，妨碍人民和基层积极性的发挥。We used to copy foreign models mechanically, which only hampered the development of our productive forces, induced ideological rigidity and kept the people and grass-roots unit from taking any initiative. 9我们正处在世纪之交的重要历史时刻，应该以长远的战略眼光审视和处理双方关系，建立中国与东盟面向二十一世纪的睦邻互信伙伴关系。 At this important historical juncture on the eve of the new century, we should approach and handle our bilateral relations from a long-range strategic perspective and forge a Chinese-ASEAN good-neighborly partnership of mutual trust oriented to the 21st century.

武汉大学研究生英语翻译

? 1.同时，我们的对外开放采取了多种形式，包括搞经济特区，开放十四个沿海城市。 ?In the meantime, we have implemented the policy of opening China to the outside world in many ways, including setting up special economic zones and opening 14 costal cities. ? 2.会谈中，双方集中讨论了保护知识产权的问题。 ?During the talks, their discussion has been centered around protection of intellectual property rights. ? 3.孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。 ?Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. ? 4.期待大学毕业生即使在竞争激烈的时代中也要活得正直，彬彬有礼，富有爱心是否要求过高了？ ?Is it too much to expect that, even in this hard-edged, competitive age, a college graduate will live with integrity, civility—even compassion? ? 5. 在任何情况下，中国绝不首先使用核武器。 ?Under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. ? 6. 没有知识分子，我们的事情就不能做好，所以我们要好好团结、依靠他们，使他们富起来。 ?Without intellectuals, our work cannot be done well, and we should therefore do a good job of uniting with them, relying on them and making them rich. ?7.在我们这个时代，任何人想要在社会上起到所希望的作用，必须接受必要的教育。随着科学的进步，在中小学开设了越来越多的课程。与过去相比，现代教育更重视实用性。 ?In our times, anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must receive necessary education. With the development of science, more courses are offered in primary schools and middle schools. Compared with the education in the past, modern education places its stress on practicality. ?8.中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。 ?China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. ?9. 要充分重视自然科学理论研究，包括现代数学、高能物理、分子生物学等基础学科的理论研究，忽视这一点就不能掌握和运用世界上先进的科学技术成果，不能很好地解决我们在建设中的遇到的重大问题。 ?Full attention must be paid to theoretical research in the natural science, including such basic subjects as modern mathematics, high energy physics and molecular biology. Negligence in this respect will make it impossible for us to master and apply the results of advanced world science and technology and properly solve important problems we’ll encounter in our construction. ?10. 我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻名世界的。

武汉大学博士英语试题

武 汉 大 学 2012级博士研究生英语试题说明： 1. 所有答案均写在答题纸上。 2. 用汉语正楷写清自己的姓名、学号、所在院系及 任课教师。 3. 考试时间为100分钟。 Part I Documental Analysis 15% Attention: Analyze the following paragraph according to the requirements of perspective, method and skill, and questions. But as the Grand Narrative of Progress came to dominate other values and views, it cast a malignant shadow. The invention of the automobile was the quintessence of progress, but it left overcrowded highways, air pollution, and deforestation in its wake. Fertilizers increased crop production but also increased the growth of algae in lakes and canals. The discovery of powerful insecticides--first greeted with enthusiasm and a Nobel Prize--was followed by the unintentional poisoning of fish, birds, and animals. Nuclear power plants increased available energy but led to storage problems, life-threatening contamination, and at least one accident with worldwide repercussions. The waste products of technological living began to choke great cities and foul once-pristine lands. Although Western housing, clothing, and religion were brought to aboriginal people, and the rate of infectious disease went down, the rate of alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, and spouse and child abuse went up. Part II Article Analysis 15% Attention:Fill the chart according to the requirements based on your understanding of the following article. 1. We live in times that are harsh but exciting, where everyone agrees that we are moving to a new level of civilization. Principles, values, ways of life, will no longer be the same; but as yet we are not really ready for these changes;

武汉大学大学英语5试题

36．I caught a _A_ of the driver of the getaway car, but I doubt I would recognize her if I saw her again. A. glimpse 无意 B. Glance主动. C. glare D. stare 37. Then it _C_ to him that Mrs. Martin probably knew nothing as yet about the baseball card collection. A. happened B. installed. C. occurred D. terrified 38. _A_ their work that they fulfilled the plan ahead of schedule. A. So well did the workers do C. So the workers did well B. So well the workers did D. Because the workers did well 39. Men are no longer_B_ to treat women according to the old-fashioned rules. A. Prior B. obliged C. involved D. offended 40. _B_ the check on the first few dates can help start the relationship as one between two equals. A. spitting B. splitting C. spurring D. sparing 41. They didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we _D_ him. A. must have telephoned B. would telephone C. had telephoned D. would have telephone 42. Today, American women, who_D_ men by seven years, do not consider themselves the weaker sex and do not generally feel in need of male protection. A. outweigh B. outsmart C. outdo D. outlive 43. We have to make the corrections _D_ since the computer can’t do them. A. of hand B. at hand C. in hand D. by hand 44. We are engaging in cooperative joint ventures with many others. Each company _A_ its independence, its specialty, and its core competence. A. retains B. restrains C. detains D. contains 45. If we fit—if we solve a social problem, __B__a social need---we will survive and excel. A. surpass B. fulfill C. object D. decentralize 46. Junior employees is British companies would have more responsibility than their --B-in German companies. A. successors B. counterparts C. subordinates D. economists 47. He is planning to go to evening classes to -D--his English. A. establish B. constitute C. form D. polish 48. You don’t normally -B--these two writers －Their styles are completely different. A. appreciate B. associate C. apply D. acknowledge 49. The difficult when strangers from two countries meet is not a lack of appreciation of friendship, but different expectations about---constitutes friendship and -C--it comes into being. A. how…what B. which…why C. what…how D. whatever…however 50. He sat down at the piano again and started playing from where he had-D--. A. left out B. left behind C. left alone D. left off 51. It is not honest for a journalist to --B-his imagination for his stories if he can’t get facts. A. reach out B. draw on C. hold on D. stumble on 52. Such feelings help explain why, during the 1970s and 1980s, more married adults said they were “very happy”--A-who never married. A. than did those B. than those did C. that they did D. that did they 53. She is respected by her colleagues and regarded as a (an) --D-teacher by her students.